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Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells
by Vinagolu K. RajasekharThis book brings together current advances in embryonic, adult, neural, hematopoietic, mesenchymal and pancreatic stem cell functions. The well presented chapters are authored by top-notch scientists in specialized areas of stem cell biology.
Regulatory RNAs
by Zhumur Ghosh Bibekanand MallickRecent progress in high-throughput technologies and genome wide transcriptome studies have lead to a significant scientific milestone of discovering non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which spans through a major portion of the genome. These RNAs most often act as riboregulators, and actively participate in the regulation of important cellular functions at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels rather than simply being an intermediated messenger between DNA and proteins. As the appreciation for the importance of ncRNAs continues to emerge, it is also increasingly clear that these play critical roles in gene regulatory processes during development and differentiation. Further, regulatory RNAs are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases. Hence these RNA regulators are essential to the development of therapeutics. This book on "Regulatory RNAs" offers a comprehensive view on our current understanding of these regulatory RNAs viz. siRNA, miRNA, piRNA, snoRNA, long non-coding RNA, small RNA etc. It addresses both the biogenesis and mechanism of action of regulatory RNAs with a primary focus on their annotation, experimental methodologies (microarray, next-gen sequencing etc.) for their discovery, computational tools for their prediction, and above all, applications of these revolutionary regulatory molecules in understanding biological systems and diseases, including therapeutics. This comprehensive volume is intended for readers with research or teaching interests in ncRNA biology and will provide a major information resource on current research in the fast-moving fields of RNA and gene expression regulation. Cutting-edge and concise, "Regulatory RNAs: Basics, Methods and Applications" promises to support vital research in the field of regulatory RNAs, ever-continuing to grow rapidly and gain increasing importance in basic and translational biology.
Regulatory RNAs: Basics, Methods and Applications
by Bibekanand Mallick and Zhumur GhoshRecent progress in high-throughput technologies and genome wide transcriptome studies have lead to a significant scientific milestone of discovering non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which spans through a major portion of the genome. These RNAs most often act as riboregulators, and actively participate in the regulation of important cellular functions at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels rather than simply being an intermediated messenger between DNA and proteins. As the appreciation for the importance of ncRNAs continues to emerge, it is also increasingly clear that these play critical roles in gene regulatory processes during development and differentiation. Further, regulatory RNAs are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases. Hence these RNA regulators are essential to the development of therapeutics. This book on “Regulatory RNAs” offers a comprehensive view on our current understanding of these regulatory RNAs viz. siRNA, miRNA, piRNA, snoRNA, long non-coding RNA, small RNA etc. It addresses both the biogenesis and mechanism of action of regulatory RNAs with a primary focus on their annotation, experimental methodologies (microarray, next-gen sequencing etc.) for their discovery, computational tools for their prediction, and above all, applications of these revolutionary regulatory molecules in understanding biological systems and diseases, including therapeutics. This comprehensive volume is intended for readers with research or teaching interests in ncRNA biology and will provide a major information resource on current research in the fast-moving fields of RNA and gene expression regulation. Cutting-edge and concise, “Regulatory RNAs: Basics, Methods and Applications” promises to support vital research in the field of regulatory RNAs, ever-continuing to grow rapidly and gain increasing importance in basic and translational biology.
Regulatory Status Of Direct Food Additives
by Thomas E. FuriaThe primary purpose of this volume is to provide readers with quick summaries of and references to the current U.S. government and other regulations for some of the most frequently employed direct food additives. Indirect additives, such as pesticide residues, packaging adhesives, polymeric coatings, and animal feed chemicals, have not been included.
Regulatory Support for Off-Grid Renewable Electricity (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
by Ngozi Chinwa Ole, Eduardo G. Pereira, Peter Kayode Oniemola, and Gustavo Kaercher LoureiroThis book investigates the role of law in enabling and addressing the barriers to the development of off-grid renewable electricity (OGRE). The limited development of OGRE is ascribed to a host of social, economic, and legal barriers, including the problem of initial capital costs, existing subsidies for conventional electricity, and lack of technological and institutional capacity. Through the analyses of selected case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe and North and South America, this book discusses the typical barriers to the development of OGRE from a global perspective and examines the role of the law in addressing them. Drawing together the lessons learnt from the case studies, this book offers robust recommendations on how the development of OGRE will support the goal of achieving universal access to low carbon, reliable, and sustainable electricity globally. This volume will be of great interest to students, scholars, policy makers, investors, and practitioners in the fields of energy law and policy, climate change, and renewable energy development.
Regulatory T Cells
by Adrian Liston George KassiotisDriven by methodological success in identifying reliable lineage markers, regulatory T cells have quickly been recognized as the most numerous subset of immune regulators in the body with critical functions in a wide array of immune responses. In Regulatory T Cells: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field to offer a collection of current techniques to advance the study of regulatory T cells, including the use of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain and other markers, as well as the more recently desirable use of the transcription factor FoxP3. Divided into three sections, the book covers, in equal measure, in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known methodological pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Regulatory T Cells: Methods and Protocols distills the most vital current techniques through several years of optimization and standardization in order to allow reliable and reproducible use by both young and experienced cellular and molecular immunologists.
Regulatory T Cells and Clinical Application
by Shuiping JiangThe immune system reacts vigorously to foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasites, and yet shows unresponsiveness to our own proteins. In the past decade, several types of T lymphocytes in the immune system have been discovered to function as regulatory cells to suppress unwanted immune responses to self-proteins, leading to the protection of autoimmunity. Furthermore, regulatory T cells also protect us from the development of asthma allergy, and prevent organ transplantation rejection. "Regulatory T Cells and Clinical Application" provides a comprehensive view of all types of regulatory T cells described so far in the literature. By thoroughly reviewing the immunobiology of regulatory T cells and their implications in various forms of human diseases, a new perspective of therapy using regulatory T cells as individualized medicine to treat inflammatory diseases including diabetes, allergy and transplantation rejection is highlighted.
Regulatory Toxicology
by Franz-Xaver Reichl Michael SchwenkThis book will be written by experts for professionals, scientists and all those involved in toxicological data generation and decision-making. It is the updated and expanded version of a monograph published in German in 2004. Chemical safety is regulated on various levels including production, storage, transport, handling, disposal or labelling. This book deals comprehensively with the safety-ensuring methods and concepts employed by regulatory agencies, industry and academics. Toxicologists use experimental and scientific approaches for data collection, e. g. about chemical hazards, physicochemical features or toxicokinetics. The respective experimental methods are described in the book. Toxicologists also deal with much insecurity in the exposure and effect scenarios during risk assessment. To overcome these, they have different extrapolation methods and estimation procedures at their disposal. The book describes these methods in an accessible manner. Differing concepts from one regulation area to another are also covered. Reasons and consequences become evident when reading the book. Altogether, the book Regulatory Toxicology will serve as an excellent reference. "
Regulatory Toxicology
by Franz-Xaver Reichl Michael SchwenkThis 2nd edition of the Handbook "Regulatory Toxicology" was written and updated by experts for professionals, scientists and all those involved in toxicological data generation and decision-making. It includes a number of new chapters that cover recent developments, such as regulation of nanoparticles, illicit designer drugs or tattoos.The Handbook deals comprehensively with the safety-ensuring methods and concepts employed for acute and chronic toxicity by regulatory agencies, industry and academics.
Regulatory and Pharmacological Basis of Ayurvedic Formulations
by Amritpal SinghRegulatory affairs and pharmacological drug safety issues of Ayurvedic medicine has been overlooked by practitioners for many years. Research in Ayurveda is now a world-wide phenomenon, and several large pharmaceutical corporations are investing money for novel drug discovery from Ayurvedic sources. This book examines the regulatory and pharmacological aspects and includes extensive data on scientific evaluation carried out on Ayurvedic formulations. It will also serve as a reference book on standardization, pre-clinical studies, and clinical and toxicological studies on Ayurvedic formulations.
Regulierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der EU: Praxisbezogene Lösungsansätze für die Sicherheit von KI-Anwendungen (Vertrauenswürdige KI)
by Rainer Bernnat Jordan PötschDieses Buch bietet eine praxisorientierte Einführung in die Regulierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der EU. Es vereint theoretisches Wissen mit konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen zur Umsetzung von KI-Standards und Gesetzen, insbesondere im Rahmen des EU AI Acts. Durch eine speziell entwickelte Systematik werden KI-relevante Gesetze und Standards systematisch erfasst und bewertet. Führungskräfte, CISOs und Cybersecurity-Experten erhalten wertvolle Einblicke, wie sie die Vertrauenswürdigkeit von KI-Systemen in ihren Organisationen gewährleisten können. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Integration von KI in bestehende Sicherheitsstrukturen sowie der Nutzung bewährter Frameworks.
Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems
by Jr. John CairnsBuilt on a strong foundation in restoration ecology, this unique handbook provides practitioners, academics, and managers with vital tools needed to plan for ecosystem conservation, to restore degraded ecosystems, to make cost-effective restoration decisions, and to understand important legal issues. Rehabilitation of Damaged Ecosystems, Second Edition boasts three completely new chapters and five major chapter revisions. Coastal wetlands restoration, watershed rehabilitation and management, mined land reclamation, revegetation of disturbed ecosystems, and river and stream restoration are only a few of the critical topics explored in this timely reference handbook.This Second Edition provides valuable, reliable data as well as practical methods and techniques for the ongoing fight to protect natural resources and restore damaged ecosystems.
Rehabilitation Approach in Autism
by Manu Goyal Kanu GoyalThe book introduces a pioneering approach to the comprehensive care of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), emphasizing its multidisciplinary nature, evidence-based foundation, and innovative treatments. It addresses a critical gap in current literature by highlighting the collaborative roles of diverse healthcare professionals, such as pediatricians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and nurses, in the rehabilitation and treatment of ASD. The manual intervention strategies advocated by physiotherapists aim to enhance motor skills and cognitive processes through interactive and playful methods, fostering social integration and independence among patients. The book emphasizes evidence-based practices across disciplines, ensuring that all healthcare professionals receive essential, up-to-date knowledge pertinent to their roles in Autism Spectrum Disorder care. Moreover, it explores recent advancements in treatment approaches, providing readers with insights into innovative therapies and methodologies. This multidisciplinary approach consolidates fragmented knowledge into a single resource, equipping healthcare professionals with the necessary tools to deliver effective and holistic care to individuals with ASD. The targeted audience for the book includes pediatricians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and nurses.
Rehabilitation Engineering: Principles and Practice (Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series)
by Alex Mihailidis and Roger SmithThis book will provide an overview of the rehabilitation engineering field, including key concepts that are required to provide a solid foundation about the discipline. It will present these concepts through a mix of basic and applied knowledge from rehabilitation engineering research and practice. It's written as an introductory text in order to provide access to the field by those without previous experience or background in the field.These concepts will include those related to engineering and health that are necessary to understand the application of rehabilitation engineering to support human function.
Rehabilitation Methodology and Strategies: A Study Guide for Physiotherapists
by Giuseppe VerdeThis book explores rehabilitation methodology in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), providing a description of the main traditional strategies used by physiotherapists. It supplies both physiotherapists and students with updated information on scientific professional choices for the patient’s benefit by collecting traditional knowledge and trying to answer a fundamental question: is there an objective way of rehabilitating patients by using traditional concepts at the light of new evidences? Every physiotherapist experiences the need of updating his knowledge and professional actions. Research can help but personal experience remains fundamental for clinical reasoning. The book examines rehabilitation strategies, main rehabilitation techniques, as well as scientific practice and suggestions stemming from research. The various rehabilitation strategies and techniques converge in the daily work becoming the basis for operative choices finalized to solve the patient's needs. Methodology characterizes the work of a physiotherapist who should take care of his scientific education by means of effective teaching plans, educational rules and ethic professional code. This book will be a useful tool for physiotherapy students but also for professionals.
Rehabilitation Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control Techniques
by Manuel Cardona Fernando E. SerranoRehabilitation robotics is an important field of study focused on improving the gait rehabilitation of people affected by neurological disorders, ictus, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries, among others. The study of rehabilitation robotics includes medical activities, kinematics dynamics, and control analysis. This book presents a complete and exhaustive analysis of the kinematics and dynamics of exoskeleton robots for rehabilitation. The forward and inverse kinematics are studied using the geometric, Denavit-Hartenberg, and screw theory approach. The dynamics analysis of exoskeleton robots using Newton-Euler, Euler–Lagrange, and D'Alembert formulation are also studied. Moreover, the main control techniques for exoskeleton robots are analyzed, including robust control, impedance control, adaptive control, Lyapunov functions, and uncertainties found in dynamic systems. The book includes MATLAB applications and examples.
Rehabilitation Science in Context (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1096)
by Mieczyslaw PokorskiThe focus of this book lies on novel aspects of rehabilitation medicine used as a treatment tool in both physical and mental spheres.The articles cover a diverse spectrum, such as rehabilitation in orthopedic pathologies, the exemplary of which is knee joint degeneration, in perioperative metastatic cancer diseases, or in neural degeneration requiring a transplant of donor nerve fibers into the defunct nerve. Advanced research studies involving proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, photobiomodulation, or yoga meditative techniques to regain functional ability are dealt with. The topic is expanded by a comprehensive picture of chosen molecular, genetically underpinned, diagnostics in hepatitis C infections and of novel ideas in drug design holding a curative promise in central neurodegeneration, such as development of brain-blood-barrier permeable oleic derivatives of the hydrophilic dopamine compound. The emerging rehabilitative modes and applications are posed to influence future health care delivery.The state-of-the art research is addressed to scientists, clinicians, therapists, and allied health care professionals.
Rehabilitation of Neuropsychological Disorders: A Practical Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals
by Brick Johnstone Henry H. StonningtonMany contemporary neuropsychology texts focus on neuropathology, the description of specific tests, and the differential diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. However, increasingly sophisticated neuroradiological techniques, managed care factors, and the growth of rehabilitation necessitates that rehabilitation professionals provide more functionally (versus diagnostically) useful evaluations to improve the neuropsychological functioning and community integration of persons with brain injuries or diseases. This book aims to fill this gap and to provide an overview of standard neuropsychological treatment strategies for specific cognitive impairments that are identified on testing. The new edition enhances this goal with three chapters outlining important recommendations, services, and issues for rehabilitation professionals. Written by a team of experienced scientists and professionals, the volume provides a universal taxonomy of neuropsychological abilities (emphasizing relatively simple terms), with a list of basic rehabilitation strategies to improve impairments identified in general cognitive domains. Specific chapters are included on the neuropsychological remediation of memory, attention, language, visual-spatial skills, and executive function impairments. Each chapter proposes a taxonomy of relatively unitary cognitive constructs (e.g., divided attention, sustained attention, focused attention), lists tests which may be used to assess each cognitive construct, and provides specific rehabilitation strategies to improve or accommodate the identified neuropsychological impairments. The final chapters cover basic resources and issues of which the rehabilitation professional needs to be aware (vocational rehabilitation, disability determination, and guardianship issues). This new edition provides a wealth of useful information for family members, rehabilitation professionals, and others who work with persons with brain injury in improving the community functioning for those with brain dysfunction. An accompanying website facilitates access to the resources and strategies from the book, allowing the practitioner to cut and paste these recommendations into their clinical reports.
Rehabilitation of Visual Disorders After Brain Injury: 2nd Edition (Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: A Modular Handbook Ser.)
by Josef ZihlDespite a long research tradition in visual neuroscience, the rehabilitation of cerebral visual deficits has, until recently, been neglected. This book is the first to report systematic observations on spontaneous recovery of cerebral visual deficits after acquired brain injury, and the outcome of treating these deficits. The whole range of human visual functions and capacities is covered: visual field, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, visual adaptation, colour vision, visual space perception, and visual cognition. Additionally, there is a special section devoted to patients with central scotoma. All treatment procedures described are empirically founded.
Rehabilitation of Visual Disorders After Brain Injury: 2nd Edition (Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: A Modular Handbook)
by Josef ZihlThis thoroughly updated and extended edition covers the various cerebral visual disorders acquired after brain injury, as well as the rehabilitation techniques used to treat them. These are described within a brain plasticity framework, using data from single and group case studies along with follow up observation data. This original, tailor-made approach also includes the recording of eye movements for assessing scanning performance in scene perception and reading. The book gives a brief synopsis of the historical background on the subject, alongside an outline of intervention designs and methodological difficulties in the field, and goes on to discuss the mechanisms and processes that provide the foundations for recovery of function and successful adaptation in visually impaired patients. The author concludes by analyzing the importance of the procedures and outcomes of treatments to the reduction of patients’ visual handicaps. The new edition also contains an appendix with recommendations on the case histories, diagnostics and treatments. It is ideal reading for students in clinical neuropsychology, as well as professionals in the fields of neurology, visual neuroscience and rehabilitation experts.
Reheating After Inflation (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Kaloian LozanovThis book provides a pedagogical introduction to the rapidly growing field of reheating after inflation. It begins with a brief review of the inflationary paradigm and a motivation for why the reheating of the universe is an integral part of inflationary cosmology. It then goes on to survey different aspects of reheating in a chronological manner, starting from the young, empty and cold universe at the end of inflation, and going all the way to the hot and thermal universe at the beginning of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis epoch. Different particle production mechanisms are considered with a focus on the non-perturbative excitation of scalar fields at the beginning of reheating (fermionic and vector fields are also discussed). This is followed by a review of the subsequent non-linear dynamical processes, such as soliton formation and relativistic turbulence. Various thermalization processes are also discussed. High energy physics embeddings of phenomenological models as well as observational implications of reheating such as gravitational waves generation and imprints on the cosmic microwave background are also covered.
Reigning the River: Urban Ecologies and Political Transformation in Kathmandu
by Anne RademacherA major contribution to the nascent anthropology of urban environments, Reigning the River illuminates the complexities of river restoration in Kathmandu, Nepal's capital and one of the fastest-growing cities in South Asia. In this rich ethnography, Anne M. Rademacher explores the ways that urban riverscape improvement involved multiple actors, each constructing ideals of restoration through contested histories and ideologies of belonging. She examines competing understandings of river restoration, particularly among bureaucrats in state and conservation-development agencies, cultural heritage activists, and advocates for the security of tens of thousands of rural-to-urban migrants settled along the exposed riverbed.Rademacher conducted research during a volatile period in Nepal's political history. As clashes between Maoist revolutionaries and the government intensified, the riverscape became a site of competing claims to a capital city that increasingly functioned as a last refuge from war-related violence. In this time of intense flux, efforts to ensure, create, or imagine ecological stability intersected with aspirations for political stability. Throughout her analysis, Rademacher emphasizes ecology as an important site of dislocation, entitlement, and cultural meaning.
Reimagining Development in Southeast Asia: Alternative Practices from the Grassroots and Social Movements (Asia in Transition #21)
by Jose Monfred C. Sy Ananeza P. AbanThis volume consolidates chapters from across Southeast Asia as a means of discussing alternative development pathways. It presents radical re-imaginings of how development might look, considered alongside the growing disillusionment over mainstream development models. In suggesting alternative models of development, it reframes participatory processes from the developing world, discussing practices of decolonization, anti-capitalism, plurality, anti-racism, effacing patriarchy, and ecological sustainability, designed and executed by grassroot communities and civil society organisations (CSOs). The grassroots and social movement paradigms highlighted in this collection seek to challenge and change the dominant model of development instituted in ASEAN, which have largely failed in meaningfully addressing the issues faced by different sectors. That the book project springs from an engagement between scholars and on-the-ground practitioners means that several chapters combine reflective, case-based viewpoints. To this end, the book is relevant to scholars, students, and practitioners working in areas related to Southeast Asian politics, economy, and culture.
Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene (Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment)
by Jesse Bazzul Marc Higgins Maria F. G. Wallace Sara TolbertThis open access edited volume invites transdisciplinary scholars to re-vision science education in the era of the Anthropocene. The collection assembles the works of educators from many walks of life and areas of practice together to help reorient science education toward the problems and peculiarities associated with the geologic times many call the Anthropocene. It has become evident that science education—the way it is currently institutionalized in various forms of school science, government policy, classroom practice, educational research, and public/private research laboratories—is ill-equipped and ill-conceived to deal with the expansive and urgent contexts of the Anthropocene. Paying homage to myopic knowledge systems, rigid state education directives, and academic-professional communities intent on reproducing the same practices, knowledges, and relationships that have endangered our shared world and shared presents/presence is misdirected. This volume brings together diverse scholars to reimagine the field in times of precarity.
Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene, Volume 2 (Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment)
by Jesse Bazzul Marc Higgins Maria F. G. Wallace Sara TolbertThis volume, a follow up to Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene (2021), continues a transdisciplinary conversation around reconceptualizing science education in the era of the Anthropocene. Drawing educators from many walks of life and areas of practice together in a creative work that helps reorient science education toward the problems and peculiarities associated with this contemporary geologic time. This work continues the mission of transforming the ways communities inherit science and technology education: its knowledges, practices, policies, and ways-of-living-with-Nature. Our understanding of the Anthropocene is necessarily open and pluralistic, as different beings on our planet experience this time of crisis in different ways. This second volume continues to nurture productive relationships between science education and fields such as science studies, environmental studies, philosophy, the natural sciences, Indigenous studies, and critical theory in order to provoke a science education that actively seeks to remake our shared ecological and social spaces in the coming decades and centuries. This is an open access book.