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Reinventing the Power Grid: Renewable Energy, Storage, and Grid Modernization
by Nesimi ErtugrulIn this comprehensive guide for practicing engineers and students, Ertugrul explains the field of renewable energy and distributed generation technologies and describes the transformation occurring in power grids due to the rise of renewable energy sources and emerging technologies.This book covers key areas such as the status of grid transformation, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy, wind energy systems, distributed energy resources, microgrids, grid‑scale and domestic battery storage systems, e‑mobility and emerging distributed energy technologies. The text presents an equilibrium between theoretical concepts and practical applications, with each chapter emphasizing both theory and practical application. Each chapter commences with a lucid explanation of the subject matter, which is then succeeded by an investigation into its real‑world applications and implications. Supplementary material is also provided, such as real wind data files, PV data files and Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB®) and Excel codes. This includes a sample real data set from grid‑scale autonomous microgrid test platforms and household, distribution and transmission‑level power system data. The book also incorporates a section consisting of problems, quizzes and solutions. This element prompts the reader to put the theoretical knowledge to use in addressing real‑world challenges, thereby cultivating a more in‑depth grasp of the topic. Through this in‑depth approach, readers will be able to apply their comprehensive knowledge and practical understanding to decision‑making regarding future challenges in the energy industry.This book is an invaluable guide for professionals working in the field, particularly those who aim to stay updated on the latest technologies and trends. Undergraduate and postgraduate students will also benefit from the book’s comprehensive approach and inclusion of real‑world data and problems to solve, which will build their expertise and give them a solid foundation for their future careers.
Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason, and Religion
by Stuart A. KauffmanConsider the complexity of a living cell after 3. 8 billion years of evolution. Is it more awesome to suppose that a transcendent God fashioned the cell at a stroke, or to realize that it evolved with no Almighty Hand, but arose on its own in the changing biosphere? In this bold and fresh look at science and religion, complexity theorist Stuart Kauffman argues that the qualities of divinity that we revere--creativity, meaning, purposeful action--are properties of the universe that can be investigated methodically. He offers stunning evidence for this idea in an abundance of fields, from cell biology to the philosophy of mind, and uses it to find common ground between belief systems often at odds with one another. A daring and ambitious argument for a new understanding of natural divinity, Reinventing the Sacred challenges readers both scientifically and philosophically.
Reisendes Wissen: Travelling Concepts als soziologische Kategorie
by Martin Harbusch"Viel zu wenig wird untersucht, wer weshalb mit welchen Medien Wissen auf Reisen schickt oder von Reisen mitbringt und wer auf welche Weise sich fremdes Wissen eigensinnig angeeignet, um das Eigene neu zu interpretieren. Der vorliegende Band ist ein gelungener Versuch, die Wege und Praktiken zu beleuchten, mit denen Menschen dies tun." Jo Reichertz
Reisenotizen: 57 Episoden über Ansichten, Absichten und Hirngespinste
by Wolfgang WicklerEin Buch für neugierige Leser. Geschildert werden im Laufe von 60 Jahren angehäufte Erlebnisse des forschenden Autors auf allen Kontinenten und dadurch ausgelöste Nachgedanken über die Fortpflanzung der Lebewesen, kulturelle Praktiken, kuriose Traditionen, gepflegte Irrtümer und unzumutbare Glaubensinhalte. Jede harmoniesüchtige Weltanschauung kontrastiert mit der auf Konkurrenz und Konflikt angelegten Schöpfung und führt zu negativ nachhaltigem technischem und religiösem Missionieren. Stimmt es, dass der Mensch aus Erfahrung lernt?
Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Effects of Fouling, Modelling and Water Reuse
by Victor Augusto Yangali QuintanillaPollution of water sources with emerging contaminants (micropollutants) is a fact known worldwide. This book examines the presence of micropollutants (medicines, hormones, pesticides) in surface water and the lack of success in removal by conventional water treatment options, then explores nanofiltraion and reverse osmosis methods as better options. The author reviews quantification of removals by means of multivariate data analysis techniques, providing a better understanding of the separation of micropollutants by membranes. He discusses increases in water reuse practices and the important role water membrane treatment will play in the removal of micropollutants and the importance of understanding the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
Rejuvenation and Longevity: Introduction to Rejuvenology (Healthy Ageing and Longevity #20)
by Khachik K. Muradian Vadim E. FraifeldThis book is a systematic collection and critical analysis of current information on rejuvenation, starting from the evolutionary aspects of the origin of life, immortality, and aging. Models, mechanisms, and types of rejuvenation are the key subjects of the book. Processes like cellular reprogramming, resetting of the aging clock, immortal unicellulars and cell cultures are explored through the lens of rejuvenation. Recent discoveries in this field offer a nuanced view of rejuvenation that has fascinated mankind since early history. There is evidence, though still controversial, indicating that biological time could be reversible. Indeed, under specific experimental conditions, cells can be moved back and forth along the age axis. Differentiation status and replicative age of cells can be modified not only by defined transcription factors, but also by ‘cocktails’ of small molecules originating from natural substances or well-known longevity-promoting drugs. Still in its infancy, such findings open up the perspective of in vivo rejuvenation trials. Special attention is given to the quasi-immortal and extremely long-lived multicellular animal species as well as to the role of rejuvenation in treatment of pathology and healthy aging. Rejuvenation is experiencing a significant growth in recent years. There is ample debate in the scientific and near-scientific community about the ethics of rejuvenation and radical life span extension. This book aims to take a balanced and scientific approach to the mirage of immortality and ever-lasting youth and serves as a valuable resource for parties on both sides of the coin.
Rekombinante Antikörper: Lehrbuch und Kompendium für Studium und Praxis
by Stefan Dübel Michael Hust Frank Breitling André Frenzel Thomas Jostock Andrea L. Marschall Thomas SchirrmannDie vollständig überarbeitete zweite Auflage bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die grundlegenden Technologien wie auch in die vielfältigen Anwendungsgebiete rekombinant hergestellter und verbesserter Antikörper und ihrer unzähligen Varianten. Die einzelnen Kapitel gehen detailliert auf die Herstellung, die Charakterisierung, die Produktion und die Anwendungsgebiete für rekombinante Antikörper in Forschung, Diagnostik und Therapie ein. Die LeserInnen werden schrittweise an die zugrunde liegenden Prinzipien herangeführt und erhalten so einen leichten Zugang zu den komplexen Themen. Zahlreiche anschauliche Abbildungen, die einem ausgereiften didaktischen Farb- und Formenschema folgen, helfen dabei, die Zusammenhänge nachzuvollziehen. So können sich auch LeserInnen mit wenigen Vorkenntnissen die komplexe Welt der rekombinanten Antikörper in der Tiefe erschließen.
Relatedness in Assisted Reproduction
by Martin Richards Tabitha Freeman Susanna Graham Fatemeh Ebtehaj Tabitha Freeman Susanna Graham Fatemeh EbtehajAssisted reproduction challenges and reinforces traditional understandings of family, kinship and identity. Sperm, egg and embryo donation and surrogacy raise questions about relatedness for parents, children and others involved in creating and raising a child. How socially, morally or psychologically significant is a genetic link between a donor-conceived child and their donor? What should children born through assisted reproduction be told about their origins? Does it matter if a parent is genetically unrelated to their child? How do experiences differ for men and women using collaborative reproduction in heterosexual or same-sex couples, single parent families or co-parenting arrangements? What impact does the wider cultural, socio-legal and regulatory context have? In this multidisciplinary book, an international team of academics and clinicians bring together new empirical research and social science, legal and bioethical perspectives to explore the key issue of relatedness in assisted reproduction.
Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition
by Dermot Barnes-Holmes Steven C. Hayes Bryan RocheRFT is a post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. It provides the theoretical basis of the contextualism in behavioral and cognitive approaches to human learning and psychological and emotional growth.
Relational Frame Theory: Made Simple
by Teresa MulhernRelational Frame Theory: What is it? Why is it important? How can I use it? This book dispels the confusion surrounding Relational Frame Theory and provides an easy-to-understand briefing of Relational Frame Theory and its’ components, with examples to enhance and ease understanding. Recent research has indicated that Relational Frame Theory may form the cornerstone of language and intelligence and this textbook integrates this information into an easily digestible format, considering the importance of each relational frame from coordination to analogy. Relational Frame Theory provides a potentially useful framework for teaching language and academic skills and the current textbook provides some examples of how to do this and offers some considerations for future research in this area. This book makes Relational Frame Theory easy to understand and, unlike previous books, assumes no prior knowledge of the theory amongst readers and clarifies some of the jargon used within this body of work. This book provides the most up-to-date outline of previous work within Relational Frame Theory and gives an overview of how this theory could be applied within psychology. To date, no previous book has attempted to integrate research, application and an easy-to-understand overview of the theory together – this book aims to integrate all of these aspects into one easily comprehensible guide. The current textbook is aimed towards graduate students and practitioners of applied behavior analysis. Given the proposed changes to the Behavior Analysis Certification Board which will focus more on Relational Frame Theory than in the past, a book of this nature will be helpful for those pursuing certification and may also be helpful for use within the applied field.
Relationsanalyse (RELAN) - Aussagenlogische, statistische und kausale Analyse von Daten
by Rainer MaderthanerDieses Lehrbuch führt in die Relationsanalyse, eine neue Methode der statistischen Auswertung ein. Das vorliegende Konzept richtet sich keineswegs nur an FachstatistikerInnen, sondern soll für möglichst viele EmpirikerInnen mit etwas statistischem Interesse konkrete Nutzungsanregungen bieten. Diese ist eine logisch-statistische Methode zur Analyse, Exploration und Prüfung von multivariaten, multifunktionalen und kausalen Hypothesen aus verschiedenen Fachgebieten. Zunächst wird die Methode in ihren Grundzügen erklärt und anschließend wird auf die Vorteile dieser Methodik im Vergleich zu bereits bestehenden statistischen Methoden eingegangen. Das dafür spezifisch entwickelte und online verfügbare Computerprogramm RELAN wird detailliert, praxisnah und anhand von Beispielen erklärt. Das Buch eignet sich für LeserInnen verschiedener Interessenslagen und enthält daher eine Leseanleitung, je nachdem, ob man mehr an der Theorie oder der praktischen Nutzung der Methode interessiert ist. Als Anwendungsgebiete kommen Psychologie, Soziologie, Biologie, Medizin, Pharmakologie, Ökonomie, Ökologie, Meteorologie, Astrophysik, … in Frage, in welchen die erforschten Gesetze multikausal, bedingt-kausal, indirekt-kausal und multieffektiv beschrieben werden können.
Relationship Between Quality of Life and Energy Usage
by Reza NadimiThis book utilizes statistical techniques to define a quality of life (QoL) indicator combining the three dimensions of economy, health, and education. In turn, it uses modeling to assess the impact of energy consumption on 112 countries’ QoL. What sets the proposed model apart from previous research is its ability to distinguish between pre-developing, developing, and developed countries. One important aspect of this distinction is their different global energy policies and their priorities with regard to achieving sustainable energy consumption. Accordingly, the book also discusses eco-sufficiency, eco-efficiency, and energy poverty reduction for the three different types of countries. In turn, the book provides general information on how to reconcile sustainable energy consumption with QoL and economic development. Optimization programming technique and simulation are applied to measure potential energy saving in each country, without sacrificing economic progress, and while maintaining QoL. Given its scope, the book is highly recommended to the following audiences: (1) readers seeking a state-of-the-art quantitative work on energy systems and QoL; (2) manufacturers and developers of renewable energy technologies who consider renewables as an option for mitigating energy poverty; and (3) international institutions such as the United Nations seeking a sustainable global energy strategy.
Relativer Quantenquark
by Holm Gero HümmlerDieses Buch räumt mit der Vorstellung auf, dass esoterische und alternativmedizinische Konzepte mit der Relativitätstheorie und Quantenphysik zu begründen wären: „Die Quantenheilung basiert auf den Erkenntnissen der Quantenphysik“, heißt es in Internetseiten, Büchern und Broschüren zahlreicher Alternativmediziner. Hypnotiseure und Reiki-Meister folgern aus E = mc², dass Materie aus der Energie der Gedanken entsteht. „Alles ist vorstellbar“, folgt in einem Buch über Schamanismus aus der Quantenmechanik.Um zwischen Grenzgebieten der Physik und Quantenunsinn unterscheiden zu können, nimmt der Autor die Leser mit auf eine Reise durch die Grundlagen der Quantenphysik und Relativitätstheorie und beschreibt, welche Hürden diese Theorien nehmen mussten, um als wissenschaftlich anerkannt zu werden. "Quarkstückchen" zeigen reale Beispiele für Kurioses und Unwissenschaftliches, das den Anschein erweckt, sich auf Quantenphysik und Relativitätstheorie zu stützen.Wer sich auf Einstein, Heisenberg oder Schrödinger beruft, beansprucht wissenschaftliche Seriosität und schreckt unangenehme Fragen ab. Was steckt aber wirklich hinter den Theorien der modernen Physik? Holm Hümmler erläutert die wichtigsten Konzepte und zeigt auf, wo Wissenschaft nur falsch verstanden und wo sie in Scheinargumenten missbraucht wird.
Relativistic Celestial Mechanics of the Solar System
by Sergei Kopeikin Michael Efroimsky George KaplanThis authoritative book presents the theoretical development of gravitational physics as it applies to the dynamics of celestial bodies and the analysis of precise astronomical observations. In so doing, it fills the need for a textbook that teaches modern dynamical astronomy with a strong emphasis on the relativistic aspects of the subject produced by the curved geometry of four-dimensional spacetime. The first three chapters review the fundamental principles of celestial mechanics and of special and general relativity. This background material forms the basis for understanding relativistic reference frames, the celestial mechanics of N-body systems, and high-precision astrometry, navigation, and geodesy, which are then treated in the following five chapters. The final chapter provides an overview of the new field of applied relativity, based on recent recommendations from the International Astronomical Union. The book is suitable for teaching advanced undergraduate honors programs and graduate courses, while equally serving as a reference for professional research scientists working in relativity and dynamical astronomy. The authors bring their extensive theoretical and practical experience to the subject. Sergei Kopeikin is a professor at the University of Missouri, while Michael Efroimsky and George Kaplan work at the United States Naval Observatory, one of the world?s premier institutions for expertise in astrometry, celestial mechanics, and timekeeping.
Relativistic Cosmology
by George F. R. Ellis Roy Maartens Malcolm A. H. MaccallumCosmology has been transformed by dramatic progress in high-precision observations and theoretical modelling. This book surveys key developments and open issues for graduate students and researchers. Using a relativistic geometric approach, it focuses on the general concepts and relations that underpin the standard model of the Universe. Part I covers foundations of relativistic cosmology whilst Part II develops the dynamical and observational relations for all models of the Universe based on general relativity. Part III focuses on the standard model of cosmology, including inflation, dark matter, dark energy, perturbation theory, the cosmic microwave background, structure formation and gravitational lensing. It also examines modified gravity and inhomogeneity as possible alternatives to dark energy. Anisotropic and inhomogeneous models are described in Part IV, and Part V reviews deeper issues, such as quantum cosmology, the start of the universe and the multiverse proposal. Colour versions of some figures are available at www. cambridge. org/9780521381154.
Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
by Akihiko MonnaiThis thesis presents theoretical and numerical studies on phenomenological description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a many-body system of elementary particles. The author formulates a causal theory of hydrodynamics for systems with net charges from the law of increasing entropy and a momentum expansion method. The derived equation results can be applied not only to collider physics, but also to the early universe and ultra-cold atoms. The author also develops novel off-equilibrium hydrodynamic models for the longitudinal expansion of the QGP on the basis of these equations. Numerical estimations show that convection and entropy production during the hydrodynamic evolution are key to explaining excessive charged particle production, recently observed at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, the analyses at finite baryon density indicate that the energy available for QGP production is larger than the amount conventionally assumed.
Relativistic Dynamics of a Charged Sphere: Updating the Lorentz-Abraham Model
by Arthur D. YaghjianIn addition to expanding and clarifying a number of sections of the first edition, it generalizes the analysis that eliminates the noncausal pre-acceleration so that it applies to removing any pre-deceleration as well. It also introduces a robust power series solution to the equation of motion that produces an extremely accurate solution to problems such as the motion of electrons in uniform magnetic fields.
Relativistic Effects in Interatomic Ionization Processes and Formation of Antimatter Ions in Interatomic Attachment Reactions
by Andreas JacobInteratomic energy transfer phenomena caused by efficient long-range electron correlations are among the most studied processes in atomic physics today. They can provide important insights into the interaction dynamics of single atomic species with their environment in more complex systems. Part I of this book covers fundamental aspects of two interatomic ionization processes relying on the efficient transfer of electronic energy via long-range electron correlations between two spatially well-separated atomic species with an emphasis on the influence of relativistic effects on ionization. Part II of this book deals with an application of interatomic energy transfer in antimatter physics, investigating attachment mechanisms for the production of substantial amounts of the positive ion of antihydrogen in view of experiments on the free-fall of antihydrogen currently planned at CERN.
Relativistic Electron Mirrors
by Daniel KieferA dense sheet of electrons accelerated to close to the speed of light can act as a tuneable mirror that can generate bright bursts of laser-like radiation in the short wavelength range simply via the reflection of a counter-propagating laser pulse. This thesis investigates the generation of such a relativistic electron mirror structure in a series of experiments accompanied by computer simulations. It is shown that such relativistic mirror can indeed be created from the interaction of a high-intensity laser pulse with a nanometer-scale, ultrathin foil. The reported work gives a intriguing insight into the complex dynamics of high-intensity laser-nanofoil interactions and constitutes a major step towards the development of a relativistic mirror, which could potentially generate bright burst of X-rays on a micro-scale.
Relativistic Geodesy: Foundations and Applications (Fundamental Theories of Physics #196)
by Dirk Puetzfeld Claus LämmerzahlDue to steadily improving experimental accuracy, relativistic concepts – based on Einstein’s theory of Special and General Relativity – are playing an increasingly important role in modern geodesy. This book offers an introduction to the emerging field of relativistic geodesy, and covers topics ranging from the description of clocks and test bodies, to time and frequency measurements, to current and future observations. Emphasis is placed on geodetically relevant definitions and fundamental methods in the context of Einstein’s theory (e.g. the role of observers, use of clocks, definition of reference systems and the geoid, use of relativistic approximation schemes). Further, the applications discussed range from chronometric and gradiometric determinations of the gravitational field, to the latest (satellite) experiments. The impact of choices made at a fundamental theoretical level on the interpretation of measurements and the planning of future experiments is also highlighted. Providing an up-to-the-minute status report on the respective topics discussed, the book will not only benefit experts, but will also serve as a guide for students with a background in either geodesy or gravitational physics who are interested in entering and exploring this emerging field.
Relativistic Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei
by Henric Krawczynski Daniel E. Harris Markus BoettcherWritten by a carefully selected consortium of researchers working in the field, this book fills the gap for an up-to-date summary of the observational and theoretical status. <P><P>As such, this monograph includes all used wavelengths, from radio to gamma, the FERMI telescope, a history and theory refresher, and jets from gamma ray bursts. For astronomers, nuclear physicists, and plasmaphysicists.
Relativistic Kinetic Theory
by Gregory V. Vereshchagin Alexey G. AksenovRelativistic kinetic theory has widespread application in astrophysics and cosmology. The interest has grown in recent years as experimentalists are now able to make reliable measurements on physical systems where relativistic effects are no longer negligible. This ambitious monograph is divided into three parts. It presents the basic ideas and concepts of this theory, equations and methods, including derivation of kinetic equations from the relativistic BBGKY hierarchy and discussion of the relation between kinetic and hydrodynamic levels of description. The second part introduces elements of computational physics with special emphasis on numerical integration of Boltzmann equations and related approaches, as well as multi-component hydrodynamics. The third part presents an overview of applications ranging from covariant theory of plasma response, thermalization of relativistic plasma, comptonization in static and moving media to kinetics of self-gravitating systems, cosmological structure formation and neutrino emission during the gravitational collapse.
Relativistic Magnetrons
by Igor VintizenkoThe first experiments with relativistic magnetrons (PM), resulted in notable results, in the USA – Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the USSR - Institute of Applied Physics. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Gorky), and the Nuclear Physics Research Institute at the Tomsk State University, hundreds of megawatts to several gigawatts with an efficiency of 10-30% were obtained. Relativistic high-frequency electronics has now become one of the fastest growing areas of scientific research. This reference is devoted to theoretical and experimental studies of relativistic magnetrons and is written by a leading expert who worked directly on these systems.
Relativistic Many-Body Theory
by Ingvar LindgrenRelativistic Many-Body Theory treats — for the first time — the combination of relativistic atomic many-body theory with quantum-electrodynamics (QED) in a unified manner. This book can be regarded as a continuation of the book by Lindgren and Morrison, Atomic Many-Body Theory (Springer 1986), which deals with the non-relativistic theory of many-electron systems, describing several means of treating the electron correlation to essentially all orders of perturbation theory. The treatment of the present book is based upon quantum-field theory, and demonstrates that when the procedure is carried to all orders of perturbation theory, two-particle systems are fully compatible with the relativistically covariant Bethe-Salpeter equation. This procedure can be applied to arbitrary open-shell systems, in analogy with the standard many-body theory, and it is also applicable to systems with more than two particles. Presently existing theoretical procedures for treating atomic systems are, in several cases, insufficient to explain the accurate experimental data recently obtained, particularly for highly charged ions. This shortcoming is expected to be due to omission of combined QED-correlational effects, included in the new unified procedure.<P><P> All methods treated in Relativistic Many-Body Theory are illustrated with numerical examples. The main text is divided into three parts.<P><P> In Part I, the standard time-independent and time-dependent perturbation procedures are reviewed.<P> Part II describes three methods for QED calculations, a) the standard S-matrix formulation, b) the Two-times Green’s-function method, developed by the St Petersburg Atomic Theory group, and c) the Covariant-evolution-operator (CEO) method, recently developed by the Gothenburg Atomic Theory group.<P> In Part III, the CEO method is combined with electron correlation to arbitrary order to a unified MBPT-QED procedure. In this procedure the electron correlation can be included to high order, and therefore this procedure is expected to lead to faster convergence than treating the BS equation order by order.<P> Ingvar Lindgren is also the author of the highly-cited "Atomic Many-Body Theory" book published by Springer.
Relativistic Many-Body Theory, 2nd Edition
by Ingvar LindgrenThis revised second edition of the author’s classic text offers readers a comprehensively updated review of relativistic atomic many-body theory, covering the many developments in the field since the publication of the original title. In particular, a new final section extends the scope to cover the evaluation of QED effects for dynamical processes.<P><P> The treatment of the book is based upon quantum-field theory, and demonstrates that when the procedure is carried to all orders of perturbation theory, two-particle systems are fully compatible with the relativistically covariant Bethe-Salpeter equation. This procedure can be applied to arbitrary open-shell systems, in analogy with the standard many-body theory, and it is also applicable to systems with more than two particles. Presently existing theoretical procedures for treating atomic systems are, in several cases, insufficient to explain the accurate experimental data recently obtained, particularly for highly charged ions.<P> The main text is divided into three parts. In Part I, the standard time-independent and time-dependent perturbation procedures are reviewed. This includes a new section at the end of chapter 2 concerning the so-called ”Fock-space procedure” or ”Coulomb-only procedure” for relativistic-QED calculations. This is a procedure on an intermediate level, frequently used in recent time by chemists on molecular systems, where a full QED treatment is out of question. Part II describes three methods for QED calculations, a) the standard S-matrix formulation, b) the Two-times Green’s-function method, developed by the St Petersburg Atomic Theory group, and c) the Covariant-evolution operator (CEO) method, recently developed by the Gothenburg Atomic Theory group. In Part III, the CEO method is combined with electron correlation to arbitrary order to a unified MBPT-QED procedure. The new Part IV includes two new chapters dealing with dynamical properties and how QED effects can be evaluated for such processes. This part is much needed as there has been an increasing interest in the study of QED effects for such processes.<P> All methods treated in the book are illustrated with numerical examples, making it a text suitable for advanced students new to the field and a useful reference for established researchers.