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Practical Models of Antenna Systems (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Amur B. Khashimov Rinat R. SalikhovThis book discusses the principles of forming and analysis of mathematical models of a wide class of antenna systems, new scientific directions in the development and application of computational algorithms for the study of mathematical models for antenna arrays of radio navigating systems. The book is presented for specialists in antenna system design; it may be useful for students of radio engineering specialties. This book consequentially uses the asymptotic correspondence of two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems to antenna engineering, that includes the influence of the placement objects for a given limited class of problems. Rigorous electrodynamics formulations of models and the use of efficient numerical methods provide the reliability and accuracy of modeling.
Practical Molecular Virology
by Mary K. CollinsMary K. L. Collins has assembled in Practical Molecular Virology a vanguard collection of readily repeatable methods for gene transfer and expression using a variety of recombinant viral vectors. In keeping with the established tradition of the series, each technique is presented in an easy-to-follow format designed to work for the novice as well as the seasoned expert. Chapters cover: * life cycles of specific retroviruses and how recombinant vectors are constructed * PCR techniques * poliovirus vectors * herpesvirus vectors * syncytial assays * cell lineage studies * baculovirus and adenovirus vectors * SV40 and EBV vectors * viruses in gene transfer to eukaryotic cells The wealth of material devoted to recombinant retroviral methods and their applications make Practical Molecular Virology and extremely timely volume, one that will find widespread use throughout biological and biomedical research.
Practical Multiscaling
by Jacob FishPractical Multiscaling covers fundamental modelling techniques aimed at bridging diverse temporal and spatial scales ranging from the atomic level to a full-scale product level. It focuses on practical multiscale methods that account for fine-scale (material) details but do not require their precise resolution. The text material evolved from over 20 years of teaching experience at Rensselaer and Columbia University, as well as from practical experience gained in the application of multiscale software.This book comprehensively covers theory and implementation, providing a detailed exposition of the state-of-the-art multiscale theories and their insertion into conventional (single-scale) finite element code architecture. The robustness and design aspects of multiscale methods are also emphasised, which is accomplished via four building blocks: upscaling of information, systematic reduction of information, characterization of information utilizing experimental data, and material optimization. To ensure the reader gains hands-on experience, a companion website hosting a lite version of the multiscale design software (MDS-Lite) is available.Key features:Combines fundamental theory and practical methods of multiscale modellingCovers the state-of-the-art multiscale theories and examines their practical usability in designCovers applications of multiscale methodsAccompanied by a continuously updated website hosting the multiscale design softwareIllustrated with colour imagesPractical Multiscaling is an ideal textbook for graduate students studying multiscale science and engineering. It is also a must-have reference for government laboratories, researchers and practitioners in civil, aerospace, pharmaceutical, electronics, and automotive industries, and commercial software vendors.
Practical Nanotechnology for Petroleum Engineers
by Chun Huh Hugh Daigle Valentina Prigiobbe Masa ProdanovicThis book is a concise but well-organized introduction to nanotechnology (NT) which the upstream oil industry is now vigorously adapting to develop its own unique applications for improved oilfield operations and, oil and gas production. Its reader will learn nanotechnology fundamentals, be introduced to important NT products and applications from other industries and learn about the current state of development of various NT applications in the upstream oil industry, which include innovative use of nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery; drilling and completions; reservoir sensing; and production operations and flow assurance. <P><P>Key Features <li>Exclusive title on potential of nanoparticle-based agents and interventions for improving myriad of oilfield operations <li>Unique guide for nanotechnology applications developers and users for oil and gas production <li>Introduces nanotechnology for oil and gas managers and engineers <li>Includes research data discussions relevant to field <li>Offers a practical applications-oriented approach
Practical Optical Interferometry
by David F. BuscherOptical interferometry is a powerful technique to make images on angular scales hundreds of times smaller than is possible with the largest telescopes. This concise guide provides an introduction to the technique for graduate students and researchers who want to make interferometric observations and acts as a reference for technologists building new instruments. Starting from the principles of interference, the author covers the core concepts of interferometry, showing how the effects of the Earth's atmosphere can be overcome using closure phase, and the complete process of making an observation, from planning to image reconstruction. This rigorous approach emphasizes the use of rules-of-thumb for important parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratios, requirements for sampling the Fourier plane and predicting image quality. The handbook is supported by web resources, including the Python source code used to make many of the graphs, as well as an interferometry simulation framework, available at www. cambridge. org/9781107042179.
Practical Panarchy for Adaptive Water Governance
by Barbara Cosens Lance GundersonThis book presents the results of an interdisciplinary project that examined how law, policy and ecological dynamics influence the governance of regional scale water based social-ecological systems in the United States and Australia. The volume explores the obstacles and opportunities for governance that is capable of management, adaptation, and transformation in these regional social-ecological systems as they respond to accelerating environmental change. With the onset of the Anthropocene, global and regional changes in biophysical inputs to these systems will challenge their capacity to respond while maintaining functions of water supply, flood control, hydropower production, water quality, and biodiversity. Governance lies at the heart of the capacity of these systems to meet these challenges. Assessment of water basins in the United States and Australia indicates that state-centric governance of these complex and dynamic social-environmental systems is evolving to a more complex, diverse, and complex array public and private arrangements. In this process, three challenges emerge for water governance to become adaptive to environmental change. First, is the need for legal reform to remove barriers to adaptive governance by authorizing government agencies to prepare for windows of opportunity through adaptive planning, and to institutionalize the results of innovative solutions that arise once a window opens. Second, is the need for legal reform to give government agencies the authority to facilitate and participate in adaptive management and governance. This must be accompanied by parallel legal reform to assure that engagement of private and economic actors and the increase in governmental flexibility does not destabilize basin economies or come at the expense of legitimacy, accountability, equity, and justice. Third, development of means to continually assess thresholds and resilience of social-ecological systems and the adaptive capacity of their current governance to structure actions at multiple scales. The massive investment in water infrastructure on the river basins studied has improved the agricultural, urban and economic sectors, largely at the cost of other social and environmental values. Today the infrastructure is aging and in need of substantial investment for those benefits to continue and adapt to ongoing environmental changes. The renewal of institutions and heavily engineered water systems also presents the opportunity to modernize these systems to address inequity and align with the values and objectives of the 21st century. Creative approaches are needed to transform and modernize water governance that increases the capacity of these water-based social-ecological systems to innovate, adapt, and learn, will provide the tools needed to navigate an uncertain future.
Practical Pharmaceutical Engineering
by Gary PragerA practical guide to all key the elements of pharmaceuticals and biotech manufacturing and design Engineers working in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries are routinely called upon to handle operational issues outside of their fields of expertise. Traditionally the competencies required to fulfill those tasks were achieved piecemeal, through years of self-teaching and on-the-job experience—until now. Practical Pharmaceutical Engineering provides readers with the technical information and tools needed to deal with most common engineering issues that can arise in the course of day-to-day operations of pharmaceutical/biotech research and manufacturing. Engineers working in pharma/biotech wear many hats. They are involved in the conception, design, construction, and operation of research facilities and manufacturing plants, as well as the scale-up, manufacturing, packaging, and labeling processes. They have to implement FDA regulations, validation assurance, quality control, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) compliance measures, and to maintain a high level of personal and environmental safety. This book provides readers from a range of engineering specialties with a detailed blueprint and the technical knowledge needed to tackle those critical responsibilities with confidence. At minimum, after reading this book, readers will have the knowledge needed to constructively participate in contractor/user briefings. Provides pharmaceutical industry professionals with an overview of how all the parts fit together and a level of expertise that can take years of on-the-job experience to acquire Addresses topics not covered in university courses but which are crucial to working effectively in the pharma/biotech industry Fills a gap in the literature, providing important information on pharmaceutical operation issues required for meeting regulatory guidelines, plant support design, and project engineering Covers the basics of HVAC systems, water systems, electric systems, reliability, maintainability, and quality assurance, relevant to pharmaceutical engineering Practical Pharmaceutical Engineering is an indispensable “tool of the trade” for chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, and pharmaceutical engineers employed by pharmaceutical and biotech companies, engineering firms, and consulting firms. It also is a must-read for engineering students, pharmacy students, chemistry students, and others considering a career in pharmaceuticals.
Practical Pharmaceutical Laboratory Automation
by Brian D. BissettLaboratory automation is an increasingly important part of the job description of many laboratory scientists. Although many laboratory scientists understand the methods and principles involved in automation, most lack the necessary engineering and programming skills needed to successfully automate or interface equipment in the lab. A step-by-step,
Practical Pharmaceutics: An International Guideline for the Preparation, Care and Use of Medicinal Products
by Paul Le Brun Sylvie Crauste-Manciet Irene Krämer Julian Smith Herman WoerdenbagPractical Pharmaceutics contains essential knowledge on the preparation, quality control, logistics, dispensing and use of medicines. It features chapters written by experienced pharmacists and scientists working in hospitals, academia and industry throughout Europe, including practical examples as well as information on current GMP and GMP-based guidelines and EU-legislation. In this second edition all chapters have been updated with numerous new as well as didactically revised illustrations and tables. A completely new chapter about therapeutic proteins and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products was added. From prescription to production, from usage instructions to procurement and the impact of medicines on the environment, the book provides step-by-step coverage that will help a wide range of readers, students as well as professionals. It offers product knowledge for all pharmacists working directly with patients and it will enable them to make the required medicine available, to store medicines properly, to adapt medicines if necessary and to dispense medicines with the appropriate information for patients as well as caregivers about product care and how to maintain the quality of the product. The basic knowledge presented in the book will also be valuable for industrial pharmacists to remind and focus them on the application of the medicines manufactured. The basic and practical knowledge on the design, preparation and quality management of medicines can directly be applied by the pharmacists whose main duty is production in community and hospital pharmacies and in industry. Undergraduate as well as graduate pharmacy students will find knowledge presented in a coherent way and fully supported with relevant examples. Practical Pharmaceutics has become a reliable and recognised source for the acquisition of pharmaceutical-technological knowledge. The book is used in the curriculum of a number of international universities and schools of Pharmacy.
Practical Physics
by G. L. SquiresPractical Physics demonstrates the purposive and critical approach that should be made to all experimental work in physics. It does not describe a systematic course of experiments, but is intended as a companion to any undergraduate course of practical work. The text is in three parts. The first deals with the statistical treatment of data, the second with experimental methods, and the third with such essential matters as keeping efficient records, accuracy in calculations, and scientific writing. The text is liberally illustrated with examples and exercises, with solutions to the latter. The new edition includes a treatment of the χ2 distribution, a section on atomic clocks, worked examples based on spreadsheets, and additional exercises. Existing examples and references have been brought up to date. Although intended for undergraduates, Practical Physics has proved of interest to school-students, teachers, and researchers, not only in physics, but also in other branches of science.
Practical Plastic Surgery
by Zol B. Kryger Mark SiscoThe attraction of plastic surgery is its tremendous scope, and the multitude of approaches for every clinical situation. Yet it is precisely these aspects of plastic surgery that make its study and teaching especially challenging. Although there exist several excellent atlases and texts on this topic, there are few references that are compact, affo
Practical Process Design for Chemical Engineers
by Keith Marchildon David ModyIn-depth and practical textbook resource on chemical engineering processes, ranging from fundamentals to advanced aspects Practical Process Design for Chemical Engineers presents an extensive overview of the fundamental and advanced aspects of chemical engineering processes. Spanning 20 chapters, the book delves into various processes, equipment, and methodologies essential for modern chemical engineering, from basic principles to specific applications such as reactors, separations, and process integration. Each chapter systematically covers both theoretical concepts and practical applications, emphasizing process design, operational efficiency, environmental considerations, and safety. The book aims to equip chemical engineers with a robust toolkit for tackling diverse challenges in the industry, emphasizing innovation, sustainability, and the integration of new technologies. Unlike conventional texts that often focus primarily on established methods and theoretical fundamentals, this book actively explores innovative technologies and strategies to enhance efficiency and minimize environmental impact. Additionally, the book places significant emphasis on practical experience and real-world applications, imbuing readers not only with theoretical knowledge but also with practical skills and an understanding of industry trends. The book covers: Creativity, choice, and decision-making in chemical engineering, emphasizing the artistic and imaginative aspects of process designSolids processes such as size reduction, granulation, particle measurement and classification, and the conveyance of solidsPrinciples and methods employed to mix diverse materials such as miscible and immiscible liquids, gases with liquids, and solids with liquids or gasesCritical aspects of heat exchange in chemical processes, focusing on the heating, cooling, and phase changes of various substancesEstimation of process engineering hours With detailed discussions on process intensification and the latest developments in solvent and reactor technologies, and a focus on modern, sustainable practices alongside traditional engineering concepts, this book serves as a vital resource for students and professionals seeking to polish and hone their knowledge and practice in chemical engineering design.
Practical Protein Chromatography
by Susan Fowell Andrew KenneyKenney and Fowell's exceptionally useful new book, Practical Protein Chromatography, brings all the forefront methods of protein separation and purification directly to your laboratory benchtop. The book treats not only powerful analytical separations, but also the small- and large-scale preparative techniques that are currently applicable throughout biological and biomedical research. Chapters, written by experts in each of the techniques covered, treat a variety of methods usable in virtually every laboratory with a chromatographic system. Topics include: immunoaffinity chromatography and selection of antibodies * lectin affinity and dye-ligand chromatography * exploiting weak affinities * alternative coupling chemistries * biospecific affinity elution * size-exclusion HPLC of proteins * chromatofocusing * determination of purity and yield * specialized chromatographic techniques. The established tradition of Methods in Molecular Biology is to present techniques that guarantee optimum results. Everyone doing protein chromatography today-at any level of proficiency-will find Practical Protein Chromatography an indispensable, hands-on guide to the effective use of these methodologies.
The Practical Pyromaniac: Build Fire Tornadoes, One-Candlepower Engines, Great Balls of Fire, and More Incendiary Devices
by William GurstelleCombining science, history, and DIY pyrotechnics, this book for the workbench warrior explains humankind's most useful and paradoxical tool: fire. William Gurstelle, author of the bestselling Backyard Ballistics, presents 25 projects with instructions, diagrams, photos, and links to video demonstrations that enable people of all ages to explore and safely play with fire. From Franklin's stove to Diesel's engine, explosive and fascinating tales are told of the great pyromaniacs who scientifically revealed the mysteries of fire such as "Gunpowder" Joseph Priestly, who discovered oxygen; Antoine Lavoisier, the father of chemistry; and Humphrey Davy, whose chemical discoveries and fiery inventions saved thousands of lives. By following the directions inside, the curious can replicate these breakthrough scientists' experiments and inventions from the simply fascinating one-candlepower engine to the nearly magical fire piston and an incredible tornado of fire.
Practical Quality Management in the Chemical Process Industry
by Morton E. BaderThis book is a manual for designing and operating a basic quality management program; a practical discussion of what is needed and how to fulfill those needs on a practical basis. It will be helpful to chemical engineers, plant laboratory managers and those interested in quality management.
Practical Quantum Computing for Developers: Programming Quantum Rigs In The Cloud Using Python, Quantum Assembly Language And Ibm Qexperience
by Vladimir SilvaWrite algorithms and program in the new field of quantum computing. This book covers major topics such as the physical components of a quantum computer: qubits, entanglement, logic gates, circuits, and how they differ from a traditional computer. Also, Practical Quantum Computing for Developers discusses quantum computing in the cloud using IBM Q Experience including: the composer, quantum scores, experiments, circuits, simulators, real quantum devices, and more. You’ll be able to run experiments in the cloud on a real quantum device.Furthermore, this book shows you how to do quantum programming using the QISKit (Quantum Information Software Kit), Python SDK, and other APIs such as QASM (Quantum Assembly). You’ll learn to write code using these languages and execute it against simulators (local or remote) or a real quantum computer provided by IBM’s Q Experience. Finally, you’ll learn the current quantum algorithms for entanglement, random number generation, linear search, integer factorization, and others. You’ll peak inside the inner workings of the Bell states for entanglement, Grover’s algorithm for linear search, Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization, and other algorithms in the fields of optimization, and more.Along the way you’ll also cover game theory with the Magic Square, an example of quantum pseudo-telepathy where parties sharing entangled states can be observed to have some kind of communication between them. In this game Alice and Bob play against a referee. Quantum mechanics allows Alice and Bob to always win!By the end of this book, you will understand how this emerging technology provides massive parallelism and significant computational speedups over classical computers, and will be prepared to program quantum computers which are expected to replace traditional computers in the data center.What You Will LearnUse the Q Experience Composer, the first-of-its-kind web console to create visual programs/experiments and submit them to a quantum simulator or real device on the cloudRun programs remotely using the Q Experience REST API Write algorithms that provide superior performance over their classical counterpartsBuild a Node.js REST client for authenticating, listing remote devices, querying information about quantum processors, and listing or running experiments remotely in the cloudCreate a quantum number generator: The quintessential coin flip with a quantum twistDiscover quantum teleportation: This algorithm demonstrates how the exact state of a qubit (quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and quantum entanglement between the sender and receiverPeek into single qubit operations with the classic game of Battleships with a quantum twistHandle the counterfeit coin problem: a classic puzzle that consists of finding a counterfeit coin in a beam balance among eight coins in only two turnsWho This Book Is ForDevelopers and programmers interested in this new field of computing.
Practical Quantum Electrodynamics
by Douglas M. GingrichTaking a heuristic approach to relativistic quantum mechanics, Practical Quantum Electrodynamics provides a complete introduction to the theory, methodologies, and calculations used for explaining the physical interaction of charged particles. This book combines the principles of relativity and quantum theory necessary for performing the ca
Practical R for Biologists: An Introduction
by Donald Quicke Buntika A Butcher Rachel Kruft WeltonR is a freely available, open-source statistical programming environment which provides powerful statistical analysis tools and graphics outputs. R is now used by a very wide range of people; biologists (the primary audience of this book), but also all other scientists and engineers, economists, market researchers and medical professionals. R users with expertise are constantly adding new associated packages, and the range already available is immense. This text works through a set of studies that collectively represent almost all the R operations that biology students need in order to analyse their own data. The material is designed to serve students from first year undergraduates through to those beginning post graduate levels. Chapters are organized around topics such as graphing, classical statistical tests, statistical modelling, mapping, and text parsing. Examples are based on real scientific studies, and each one covers the use of more R functions than those simply necessary to get a p-value or plot. The book walks the reader through the data analysis process, starting with very simple plots, and continuing through more complex analyses and programming. It shows how to deal with issues such as error messages that can be confronting for beginners, in order to set students up for a successful scientific career using R. Prof. Dr Donald Quicke has had more than 40 years' experience teaching undergraduate and postgraduate biology students, initially at Sheffield University, UK and then at Imperial College London; Buntika Butcher gained her PhD at Imperial College and is currently Associate Professor in the Biology Department at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, with 20 years of teaching experience; Dr Rachel Kruft Welton did her master's degree at Imperial College, London and a PhD at University of Birmingham, UK before qualifying as a teacher. She has been a professional biology and science tutor for nearly 20 years, including mentoring undergraduates as part of Birmingham University's alumni scheme. Collectively the authors have a vast amount of teaching experience which they apply here to make the passage into R programming as gentle and easy as possible, whilst guiding the reader to tackle quite complicated programming.
Practical Radiological Anatomy
by Sarah McWilliamsAn illustrated and concise revision textbook, this book is designed for doctors training in radiology and preparing for the First FRCR exam. Using a convenient format arranged by body system, it contains high-quality images demonstrating the key features of basic anatomy. It supplies both conventional imaging and cross-sectional CT and MRI anatomy, presents guidelines on how to interpret images, includes case studies in each chapter, and discusses commonly encountered pitfalls. The text matches the current curriculum of the FRCA Part 1 and Part 2A exams.
Practical Radiotherapy Planning: Fifth Edition
by Stephen Morris Tom Roques Shahreen Ahmad Suat LooGood and effective treatment in radiotherapy requires careful consideration of the complex variables involved as well as critical assessment of the techniques. This new edition of an established classic takes into account advances in imaging and treatment delivery and reflects the current state of the art in the practice of radiotherapy, emphasizing the underlying principles of treatment that can be applied for conventional, conformal, and novel treatments.
Practical Raman Spectroscopy
by Peter VandenabeeleThis text offers an open-learning approach to Raman spectroscopy providing detail on instrumentation, applications and discussions questions throughout the book.It provides a valuable guide to assist with teaching Raman spectroscopy which is gaining attention in (analytical) chemistry, and as a consequence, teaching programs have followed. Today, education in Raman spectroscopy is often limited to theoretical aspects (e.g. selection rules), but practical aspects are usually disregarded. With these course notes, the author hopes to fill this gap and include information about Raman instrumentation and how it is interpreted.Provides a user-friendly text that tackles the theoretical background, and offers everyday tips for common practiceRaman instrumentation and practical aspects, which are sometimes overlooked, are coveredAppropriate for students, and includes summaries, text boxes, illustrating the ideas with examples from research literature or providing background information or links with other coursesWritten with an open-learning approach, this book will be ideal for use as a self-study guide or as the basis of a taught course with discussion and self-assessment questions throughout the textIncludes a comprehensive bibliography to guide the reader to more specialized texts and sources.
Practical Relativity
by Richard N. HenriksenThe book is intended to serve as lecture material for courses on relativity at undergraduate level. Although there has been much written on special relativity the present book will emphasize the real applications of relativity. In addition, it will be physically designed with the use of box summaries so as to allow easy access of practical results. The book will be composed of eight chapters. Chapter 1 will give an introduction to special relativity that is the world without gravity. Implications will be presented with emphasis on time dilation and the Doppler shift as practical considerations. In Chapter 2, the four-vector representation of events will be introduced. The bulk of this chapter will deal with flat space dynamics. This will require the generalization of Newton's first and second laws. Some important astronomical applications will be discussed in Chapter 3 and in Chapter 4 some engineering applications of special relativity such as atomic clocks will be presented. Chapter 5 will be dedicated to the thorny question of gravity. The physical motivation of the theory must be examined and the geometrical interpretation presented. Chapter 6 will present astronomical applications of relativistic gravity. These include the usual solar system tests; light bending, time delay, gravitational red-shift, precession of Keplerian orbits. Chapter 7 will be dedicated to relativistic cosmology. Many of the standard cosmological concepts will be introduced, being mathematically simple but conceptually subtle. The concluding chapter will be largely dedicated to the global positioning system as an engineering problem that requires both inertial and gravitational relativity. The large interferometers designed as gravitational wave telescopes will be discussed here.
Practical Reliability Engineering and Analysis for System Design and Life-Cycle Sustainment
by William WesselsIn today's sophisticated world, reliability stands as the ultimate arbiter of quality. An understanding of reliability and the ultimate compromise of failure is essential for determining the value of most modern products and absolutely critical to others, large or small. Whether lives are dependent on the performance of a heat shield or a chip in a
Practical Rendering and Computation with Direct3D 11
by Jason Zink Matt Pettineo Jack HoxleyDirect3D 11 offers such a wealth of capabilities that users can sometimes get lost in the details of specific APIs and their implementation. While there is a great deal of low-level information available about how each API function should be used, there is little documentation that shows how best to leverage these capabilities. Written by active me
Practical Robot Design: Game Playing Robots
by Jagannathan Kanniah M. Fikret Ercan Carlos A. Acosta CalderonDesigned for beginners, undergraduate students, and robotics enthusiasts, Practical Robot Design: Game Playing Robots is a comprehensive guide to the theory, design, and construction of game-playing robots. Drawing on years of robot building and teaching experience, the authors demonstrate the key steps of building a robot from beginning to end, wi