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Principia Mathematica to *56
by Alfred North Whitehead Bertrand RussellThe great three-volume Principia Mathematica is deservedly the most famous work ever written on the foundations of mathematics. Its aim is to deduce all the fundamental propositions of logic and mathematics from a small number of logical premisses and primitive ideas, and so to prove that mathematics is a development of logic. This abridged text of Volume I contains the material that is most relevant to an introductory study of logic and the philosophy of mathematics (more advanced students will wish to refer to the complete edition). It contains the whole of the preliminary sections (which present the authors' justification of the philosophical standpoint adopted at the outset of their work); the whole of Part 1 (in which the logical properties of propositions, propositional functions, classes and relations are established); section 6 of Part 2 (dealing with unit classes and couples); and Appendices A and B (which give further developments of the argument on the theory of deduction and truth functions).
The Principia. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Foundations)
by Sir Isaac Newton Professor Marika TaylorNewton's bold masterwork helped shaped the cultural landscape of the world today. Now in a digestible, pocket format for the modern reader.New concise edition with a new introduction, abridged for the modern reader. The Principia. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy is one of the most important scientific works ever to have been written and has had a profound impact on modern science. Consisting of three separate books, the Principia states Newton&’s laws of motion and Newton&’s law of universal gravitation. Understanding and acceptance of these theories was not immediate, however by the end of the seventeenth century no one could deny that Newton had far exceeded all previous works and revolutionised scientific thinking.The FLAME TREE Foundations series features core publications which together have shaped the cultural landscape of the modern world, with cutting-edge research distilled into pocket guides designed to be both accessible and informative.
The Principle of Least Action: History And Physics
by Alberto Rojo Anthony BlochThe principle of least action originates in the idea that, if nature has a purpose, it should follow a minimum or critical path. This simple principle, and its variants and generalizations, applies to optics, mechanics, electromagnetism, relativity, and quantum mechanics, and provides an essential guide to understanding the beauty of physics. <P><P>This unique text provides an accessible introduction to the action principle across these various fields of physics, and examines its history and fundamental role in science. It includes - with varying levels of mathematical sophistication - explanations from historical sources, discussion of classic papers, and original worked examples. The result is a story that is understandable to those with a modest mathematical background, as well as to researchers and students in physics and the history of physics.<P> Drawing from the original sources, this book discusses many of the key ideas in this area from both the scientific and historical perspectives to paint a broad picture of this unifying principle.<P> Discusses classic papers in a way that is accessible to the modern reader and will appeal to those who are interested in how physical concepts are generated.<P> Includes worked examples to show how the principle works in practice.
The Principle of Relativity
by Albert Einstein Francis A. DavisThis collection of original papers on the special and general theories of relativity is an unabridged translation of the 4th edition of Das Relativitatsprinzip, together with a revised edition of an additional paper by H. A. Lorentz.CONTENTS: I. "Michelson's Interference Experiment" by H. A . Lorentz. II. "Electromagnetic Phenomena in a System Moving with any Velocity Less than that of Light" by H. A . Lorentz. Ill. "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" by A. Einstein. IV. "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy-Content?" by A. Einstein. V. "Space and Time" by H. Minkowski. VI. "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light" by A. Einstein. VII. "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" by A. Einstein. VIII. "Hamilton's Principle and the General Theory of Relativity" by A. Einstein. IX. "Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity" by A. Einstein. X. "Do Gravitational Fields Play an Essential Part in the Structure of the Elementary Particles of Matter?" by A. Einstein. XI. "Gravitation and Electricity" by H. Weyl."The book constitutes an indispensable part of a library on relativity," Nature. "It is really a thrill to read again the original papers by these giants," School Science and Mathematics. "Warmly recommended," Quarterly of Applied Mathematics.
The Principle of Relativity with Applications to Physical Science
by Alfred North WhiteheadAn alternative rendering of the theory of relativity by a distinguished English mathematician and philosopher. Three-part treatment presents an overview of general principles, mainly philosophical in character; describes physical applications and the results deducible from the formulas assumed for the gravitation and electromagnetic fields; presents an exposition of the elementary theory of tensors.
The Principle of the Common Cause
by Gábor Hofer-Szabó Miklós Rédei László E. SzabóThe common cause principle says that every correlation is either due to a direct causal effect linking the correlated entities or is brought about by a third factor, a so-called common cause. The principle is of central importance in the philosophy of science, especially in causal explanation, causal modeling and in the foundations of quantum physics. Written for philosophers of science, physicists and statisticians, this book contributes to the debate over the validity of the common cause principle, by proving results that bring to the surface the nature of explanation by common causes. It provides a technical and mathematically rigorous examination of the notion of common cause, providing an analysis not only in terms of classical probability measure spaces, which is typical in the available literature, but in quantum probability theory as well. The authors provide numerous open problems to further the debate and encourage future research in this field.
Principles and Advances in Population Neuroscience (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences #68)
by Tomáš Paus Jeffrey R. Brook Katherine Keyes Zdenka PausovaPopulation Neuroscience is aimed at enhancing our understanding of forces that shape the human brain and, as such, contribute to inter-individual variations in cognitive abilities, behavior and mental health throughout the lifespan. This book builds on a monograph Population Neuroscience (published by Springer in 2013; ISBN: 978-3-642-36450-1), a recent book on “Digital Ethology: Human Behavior in Geospatial Context” (published by MIT Press in 2024; ISBN: 9780262548137), and the collaborative work carried in the CHARGE and ENIGMA Consortia. Using collective expertise and knowledge with combining epidemiology, genetics and neuroimaging, the authors provide an overview of the basic principles and current advances in this field.
Principles and Advances in Supramolecular Catalysis
by Jubaraj Bikash BaruahSupramolecular catalysis is involved in assimilation or growth of biological products and it has advantages over conventional catalysis in dealing with systems beyond molecules to mimic the biological catalytic processes. Principles and Advances in Supramolecular Catalysis shows how a supramolecular catalytic reaction proceeds and how interactions among molecules provide vessels or specific binding sites to carry out chemical reactions. The utilities of such catalytic reactions in waste, hazard management, medicine, food, etc. are explained in this book. The book focuses on examples to provide a fundamental basis so that, in the future, supramolecular catalytic reactions are utilised in the field of chemical, biological, biophysical sciences and technologies. Features: Discusses fundamental and interdisciplinary aspects of supramolecular catalysis Narrates mechano-chemical and stimuli-guided supramolecular catalytic reactions Divulges the intriguing aspects of self-replications and self-assembling performed through supramolecular catalysis Incorporates supramolecular catalytic reactions of metal-organic frameworks as artificial metalloenzymes
Principles and Applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission
by Ben Zhong Tang Youhong TangThis book explores the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect, which has opened new avenues for the development of advanced luminogenic materials in the aggregate or solid state. By enabling light emission in the practically useful solid state, AIE has the potential to significantly expand the technological applications of luminescent materials. This book addresses principles, methods, and applications of AIEs, offering a new platform for the investigation of light-emitting processes from luminogen aggregates. Applications of AIE include biomedical diagnostics, sensor materials, and optoelectronic devices, among others, and are described in detail within the book. The development of a new generation of AIEgens, a deep understanding of the AIE mechanism(s), and the exploration of advanced technological applications will enable this exciting field to develop further. Headed by the pioneering researcher who started the field, Professor Ben Zhong Tang, this book combines both principles and applications and brings together global researchers in the field to report the progress, current challenges, and potential breakthroughs that may be accomplished in the near future. Provides an authoritative account of the fundamentals, properties, and potential of AIE by the pioneer of this active, highly-researched field;Highlights technological applications of AIE spanning biomedicine, sensor materials, and optoelectronics, among others;Presents a comprehensive view on challenges in the further development of AIE and derived technologies.
Principles and Applications of Chemical Defects
by Richard J.D. TilleyThis book provides some insight into chemical defects in crystalline solids, focusing on the relationship between basic principles and device applications. It is concerned with the chemical, optical and electronic consequences of the presence of defects in crystals.
Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior
by Edward PriceIn order to understand and manage animals in their natural or captive environments we must first understand why animals do what they do and recognize limitations in their ability to adapt to different environments. Drawing on the author's considerable experience in both teaching and research, this introductory-level textbook describes the basic principles underlying animal behavior and how those concepts can be used in managing the care of domestic and captive wild animals, covering four key themes: development of behavior, biological rhythms, social behavior and behavioral aspects of animal management. Extensively illustrated with many practical examples and over 150 photos and figures.
Principles and Applications of Electrochemistry (Chapman And Hall Chemistry Textbook Ser.)
by D. R. CrowThis introduction to the principles and application of electrochemistry is presented in a manner designed for undergraduates in chemistry and related fields. The author covers the essential aspects of the subject and points the way to further study, his concern being with the overall shape of electrochemistry, its coherence and its wider application. This edition differs from its predecessors in having principles and applications separated, and greater prominence is given to areas such as electrochemical sensors and electroanalytical techniques, of which a number of modern methods were not included in previous editions. A range of numerical problems and outline solutions is provided for each chapter to cover most situations that a student might encounter.
Principles and Applications of ESR Spectroscopy
by Anders Lund Masaru Shiotani Shigetaka ShimadaPrinciples and Applications of ESR Spectroscopy fills the gap between the detailed monographs in ESR spectroscopy and the general textbooks in molecular physics, physical chemistry, biochemistry or spectroscopy. The latter only briefly explain the underlying theory and do not provide details about applications, while the currently available ESR textbooks are primarily focused on the technique as such. This text is based upon the authors' long experience of teaching the subject to a mixed audience, in the extreme case ranging from physics to biology. The potential of the method is illustrated with applications in fields such as molecular science, catalysis and environmental sciences, polymer and materials sciences, biochemistry and radiation chemistry/physics. Theoretical derivations have in general been omitted, as they have been presented repeatedly in previous works. The necessary theory is instead illustrated by practical examples from the literature.
Principles and Applications of Fermentation Technology
by Arindam Kuila Vinay SharmaAbout the book The book covers all aspects of fermentation technology such as principles, reaction kinetics, scaling up of processes, and applications. The 20 chapters written by subject matter experts are divided into two parts: Principles and Applications. In the first part subjects covered include: • Modelling and kinetics of fermentation technology; • Sterilization techniques used in fermentation processes; • Design and types of bioreactors used in fermentation technology. • Recent advances and future prospect of fermentation technology, The second part subjects covered incude: • Lactic acid and ethanol production using fermentation technology; • Various industrial value-added product biosynthesis using fermentation technology; • Microbial cyp450 production and its industrial application; • Polyunsaturated fatty acid production through solid state fermentation;• Application of oleaginous yeast for lignocellulosic biomass based single cell oil production; • Utilization of micro-algal biomass for bioethanol production; • Poly-lactide production from lactic acid through fermentation technology; • Bacterial cellulose and its potential impact on industrial applications.
Principles and Applications of Mass Transfer: The Design of Separation Processes for Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
by Jaime BenitezPrinciples and Applications of Mass Transfer Core textbook teaching mass transfer fundamentals and applications for the design of separation processes in chemical, biochemical, and environmental engineering Principles and Applications of Mass Transfer teaches the subject of mass transfer fundamentals and their applications to the design of separation processes with enough depth of coverage to guarantee that students using the book will, at the end of the course, be able to specify preliminary designs of the most common separation process equipment. Reflecting the growth of biochemical applications in the field of chemical engineering, the fourth edition expands biochemical coverage, including transient diffusion, environmental applications, electrophoresis, and bioseparations. Also new to the fourth edition is the integration of Python programs, which complement the Mathcad programs of the previous edition. On the accompanying instructor’s website, the online appendices contain a downloadable library of Python and Mathcad programs for the example problems in each chapter. A complete solution manual for all end-of-chapter problems, both in Mathcad and Python, is also provided. Some of the topics covered in Principles and Applications of Mass Transfer include: Molecular mass transfer, covering concentrations, velocities and fluxes, the Maxwell-Stefan relations, and Fick’s first law for binary mixtures The diffusion coefficient, covering diffusion coefficients for binary ideal gas systems, dilute liquids, and concentrated liquids Convective mass transfer, covering mass-transfer coefficients, dimensional analysis, boundary layer theory, and mass- and heat-transfer analogies Interphase mass transfer, covering diffusion between phases, material balances, and equilibrium-stage operations Gas dispersed gas-liquid operations, covering sparged vessels, tray towers, diameter, and gas-pressure drop, and weeping and entrainment Principles and Applications of Mass Transfer is an essential textbook for undergraduate chemical, biochemical, mechanical, and environmental engineering students taking a core course on Separation Processes or Mass Transfer Operations, along with mechanical engineers and mechanical engineering students starting to get involved in combined heat- and mass-transfer applications.
Principles and Applications of Nanotherapeutics (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Imalka Munaweera Piumika YapaThis book covers a vast range of information regarding nanotherapeutics, including knowledge based on fundamentals, history and progress, applications, practical aspects and examples, and prospects of nanotherapeutics. It includes the fundamentals of nanotherapeutics, including mechanisms and theories behind the phenomena, summarizing various approaches of nanotherapeutics in the field of medicine. By considering the emerging pandemics and other issues regarding public health, the timely need for novel solutions is also described.Features: Provides a comprehensive knowledge on fundamentals, applications, current situations, and ongoing research in nanotherapeutics. Highlights the practical aspects and prospects to enhance the use of nanotherapeutics in the health field. Illustrates the significance of using nanotherapeutics in futuristic life. Discusses sustainable resolutions to issues in public health. Explores the latest implementations and merits of the fields supported by pertinent examples. This book is aimed at undergraduate, graduate students, and researchers in drug delivery, gene and cancer therapy, biomedical engineering, and nanotechnology.
Principles and Applications of Optical Wireless Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology)
by Xizheng KeThis book explains the principles and various applications of Optical Wireless Communication Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OWC-OFDM) and validates the relevant theories through numerical analysis and communication experiments. The book consists of 10 chapters, first providing a systematic and in-depth analysis of the research progress of optical wireless communication and clarifying the importance and advantages of optical wireless OFDM transmission. Then the source coding is discussed, the optical OFDM system is clarified, and the characteristics of optical wireless OFDM are explained by numerical simulation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of peak ratio, time synchronization, channel estimation, and channel allocation of wireless OFDM are carried out. Numerical simulation and communication experiments in the book verify the performance of optical wireless OFDM systems and the feasibility of related algorithms.
Principles and Applications of Quinoproteins
by Victor L. DavidsonProvides up-to-date information on all aspects of basic and applied research on quinoproteins and quinonoid co-factors such as pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) - exploring the scope, direction and potential value of investigations in this multidisciplinary field.
Principles and Applications of Stereochemistry
by Michael NorthA thorough understanding of stereochemistry is essential for the comprehension of almost all aspects of modern organic chemistry. It is also of great significance in many biochemical and medicinal disciplines, since the stereoisomers of a compound can have dramatically different biological properties. This text explains how the different properties of stereoisomers of a compound arise, and what processes can be used to prepare and analyze stereoisomerically pure compounds. It also presents prominent coverage of the stereochemistry of inorganic and organometallic compounds, which is likely to increase in importance, as these compounds are used as symmetric catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Modern stereochemical terminology is used throughout, although reference is also made to older terms which are still widely used. A set of problems at the end of each chapter aims to further the reader's understanding of how the content can be applied. The book is designed mainly as a textbook for undergraduate students and as a reference source for more advanced levels, but is also intended for academic and professional organic chemists.
Principles and Applications of Therapeutic Ultrasound in Healthcare
by Yufeng ZhouPrinciples and Applications of Therapeutic Ultrasound in Healthcare introduces concepts, principles, construction, and applications of therapeutic ultrasound: from bench to bedside. A comprehensive examination of the industry and medical application of ultrasound therapy, this book highlights working principles, research progress, and system
Principles and Applications of X-ray, Light and Neutron Scattering
by Takeji HashimotoThis book provides insight into the underlying basic theories and concepts in X-ray, light, and neutron scattering. The three scattering principles are systematically presented, together with a unified description based on elastic scattering of electromagnetic waves and the Schrödinger wave from matter. These explanations are presented with an introduction of their common Born approximation using a consistent set of symbols and terminology and with step-by-step derivations of equations. This book emphasizes the combined applications of these three scattering methods, wherever and whenever possible, as a very powerful methodology for characterization of internal structures of soft matters in the length scale ranging from subnanometers to a few 10 micron meters. These applications include explorations for evolution of hierarchically self-organized internal structures of a variety of soft matters, including cells, under diverse environmental conditions.This book will not only be an excellent resource for graduate students and academic researchers who analyze structures of soft matters and polymers, but it will also be useful for researchers in industries.
Principles and Case Studies of Simultaneous Design
by William L. LuybenThere are many comprehensive design books, but none of them provide a significant number of detailed economic design examples of typically complex industrial processes. Most of the current design books cover a wide variety of topics associated with process design. In addition to discussing flowsheet development and equipment design, these textbooks go into a lot of detail on engineering economics and other many peripheral subjects such as written and oral skills, ethics, "green" engineering and product design. This book presents general process design principles in a concise readable form that can be easily comprehended by students and engineers when developing effective flow sheet and control structures.Ten detailed case studies presented illustrate an in-depth and quantitative way the application of these general principles. Detailed economic steady-state designs are developed that satisfy economic criterion such as minimize total annual cost of both capital and energy or return on incremental capital investment. Complete detailed flow sheets and Aspen Plus files are provided. Then conventional PI control structures are be developed and tested for their ability to maintain product quality during disturbances. Complete Aspen Dynamics files are be provided of the dynamic simulations.
Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology: An Agenda for the Second Millennium (Landscape Series #31)
by Almo FarinaThis third, thoroughly updated edition of a well received book, presents the most complete collection of theories, paradigms and methods utilized by the landscape sciences. With the introduction of new ecosemiotic concepts and innovative managing procedures, it offers a broad list of ecological, ecosemiotical and cultural tools to investigate, interpret and manage the environmental complexity according to a species-specific individual-based approach. Readers will discover the importance of a landscape perspective to create strategic bridges between science and humanities favored by the holistic sight of sensorial (visual, acoustic, olfactory, tactile, and thermal) “scapes”.Distributed in 10 chapters, the content covers many aspects of the landscape sciences ranging from the description of fundamental theories, principles and models originated by ecological approaches like source-sink models, island biogeography, hierarchical theory and scale. The ecosemiotical approaches like the eco-field model, the ecoscape paradigm, and the general theory of resources are widely described and discussed. A cultural approach to landscape is utilized to focus on the heritage values of territories and their environmental identity. This book, written in an accessible and didactic style, is particularly dedicated to undergraduate and graduate students but also scholars in ecology, agroforestry, urban planning, nature design, conservation and remediation. Land practitioners, farmers and policymakers can use this book as an authoritative guide to better understand the function and role of environmental systems according to a social-economic integrated perspective.
Principles and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations
by Jaime BenitezA problem-solving approach that helps students master new material and put their knowledge into practiceThe Second Edition of the acclaimed Principles and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations continues to provide a thorough, accessible text that gives students the support and the tools they need to quickly move from theory to application. This latest edition has been thoroughly revised and updated with new discussions of such developing topics as membrane separations, ion exchange, multistage batch distillation, and chromatography and other adsorptive processes. Moreover, the Second Edition now covers mass transfer phenomena in biological systems, making the text appropriate for students in biochemical engineering as well as chemical engineering.Complementing the author's clear discussions are several features that help students quickly master new material and put their knowledge into practice, including:Twenty-five to thirty problems at the end of each chapter that enable students to use their newfound knowledge to solve problemsExamples and problems that help students become proficient working with MathcadFigures and diagrams that illustrate and clarify complex concepts and processesReferences facilitating further in-depth research into particular topicsTen appendices filled with helpful data and reference materialsIdeal for a first course in mass transfer operations, this text has proven to be invaluable to students in chemical and environmental engineering as well as researchers and university faculty.
Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis
by Richard F. VennIn the seven years since the publication of Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis bioanalytical methods have remained the same, but their usage patterns have changed. This second edition of a bestseller provides an updated guide to the techniques used in developing and running ultra-trace analyses for drugs, metabolites, and other substance