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Rethinking Wilderness and the Wild: Conflict, Conservation and Co-existence (Routledge Studies in Conservation and the Environment)
by Stephen Harris Marty Branagan Robyn Bartel Fiona UtleyRethinking Wilderness and the Wild: Conflict, Conservation and Co-existence examines the complexities surrounding the concept of wilderness. Contemporary wilderness scholarship has tended to fall into two categories: the so-called ‘fortress conservation’ and ‘co-existence’ schools of thought. This book, contending that this polarisation has led to a silencing and concealment of alternative perspectives and lines of enquiry, extends beyond these confines and in particular steers away from the dilemmas of paradise or paradox in order to advance an intellectual and policy agenda of plurality and diversity rather than of prescription and definition. Drawing on case studies from Australia, Aoteoroa/New Zealand, the United States and Iceland, and explorations of embodied experience, creative practice, philosophy, and First Nations land management approaches, the assembled chapters examine wilderness ideals, conflicts and human-nature dualities afresh, and examine co-existence and conservation in the Anthropocene in diverse ontological and multidisciplinary ways. By demonstrating a strong commitment to respecting the knowledge and perspectives of Indigenous peoples, this work delivers a more nuanced, ethical and decolonising approach to issues arising from relationships with wilderness. Such a collection is immediately appropriate given the political challenges and social complexities of our time, and the mounting threats to life across the globe. The abiding and uniting logic of the book is to offer a unique and innovative contribution to engender transformations of wilderness scholarship, activism and conservation policy. This text refutes the inherent privileging and exclusionary tactics of dominant modes of enquiry that too often serve to silence non-human and contrary positions. It reveals a multi-faceted and contingent wilderness alive with agency, diversity and possibility. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of conservation, environmental and natural resource management, Indigenous studies and environmental policy and planning. It will also be of interest to practitioners, policymakers and NGOs involved in conservation, protected environments and environmental governance.
Rethinking the BSE Crisis
by Louise CummingsIn 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.
Rethinking the Education Mess: A Systems Approach to Education Reform
by Can M. Alpaslan Ian I. Mitroff Lindan B. HillUsing a form of systems thinking, this book analyzes K-12 education as a complex, "messy" system that must be tackled as a whole and provides a series of heuristics to help those involved in the education mess to improve the system as a whole.
Rethinking the Federal Lands (Routledge Revivals)
by Sterling BrubakerThe federal government is by far the largest landowner in the United States. It is somewhat of an anomaly for the federal government to hold vast acreages of land in an economy where the prevailing ideology favours private ownership. The Reagan administration’s (1981-1989) proposal to increase energy and mineral development on federal lands, to accelerate timber harvesting in national forests, and to expand the sale of federal lands generated strong and vocal opposition. Originally published in 1984, in the midst of the Reagan era, Rethinking the Federal Lands examines why the U.S. has retained federal lands and questions how ownership affects the management of federal lands and the total benefits society derives from them. This title is ideal for students interested in environmental studies and policy making.
Rethinking the Needham Question: A Non-Eurocentric Framework Transcending Dialogism
by Raymond W. LauThis book offers a new investigation of the Needham Question. Why did modern science emerge in Europe, but not in any of the advanced non-European civilizations? Eurocentric accounts attribute it to certain ‘qualities’ said to be ‘unique’ to Europe. Opposed to the Eurocentric view is a position known as the ‘dialogical perspective’. Dialogism argues that Europe borrowed heavily from non-European scientific knowledges, and that scientific exchanges were key to the development of modern science. Neo-Eurocentric arguments have emerged in response to the challenge of dialogism, and the debate between Eurocentrism/neo-Eurocentrism and dialogism currently stands at a stalemate. In this book, Raymond Lau brings a new theoretical-methodological framework to finally settle this debate. The historical analysis developed here shows that to secure the non-Eurocentric case, and decisively rebut Eurocentrism and neo-Eurocentrism, it is necessary to go beyond dialogism both theoretically and methodologically.
Reti Neurali Solitoniche: Un Innovativo Network Neurale Fotonico Basato su Interconnessioni Solitoniche
by Alessandro BileQuesto libro descrive la realizzazione di un sistema ottico intelligente in grado di replicare gli elementi funzionali del cervello biologico. Partendo da un'analisi delle dinamiche neuronali biologiche, ed effettuando una panoramica sullo stato dell'arte dei sistemi neuromorfi sviluppati fino ad oggi, il cuore del manoscritto descrive delle innovative reti neurali completamente ottiche realizzate attraverso la tecnologia dei solitoni spaziali. Dopo una breve introduzione sulla biologia delle reti neurali (Capitolo 1), il libro si addentra nella descrizione del problema neuromorfo, sottolineando le peculiarità degli hardware ottici sviluppati finora (Capitolo 2). Il Capitolo 3 è dedicato alla descrizione delle psicomemorie, che rappresentano il modello dell'apprendimento umano secondo le teorie della moderna neuropsicologia. Questo capitolo fornisce i prerequisiti per comprendere come le reti neurali solitoniche (SNN) siano in grado di apprendere e come la fisica che le governa si avvicini al funzionamento dei modelli biologici. Il Capitolo 4 descrive nel dettaglio gli esperimenti effettuati per la realizzazione di neuroni ottici solitonici in sottili strati di niobato di litio. Vengono discusse le tecniche ottiche per l'apprendimento supervisionato e non supervisionato. L'intero capitolo è corredato da risultati teorici, simulativi e sperimentali. Inoltre, spiega come un neurone X-Junction sia in grado di stabilire sinapsi, modificarle o cancellarle. La cancellazione di strutture solitoniche rappresenta un'importante innovazione nel campo dell'ottica non lineare. Infine, il Capitolo 5 illustra l'implementazione di una rete di neuroni in grado di elaborare informazioni e memorizzarle esattamente come fa una memoria episodica umana. Il Capitolo si conclude con una serie di approfondimenti sulle linee di ricerca attualmente in corso sulla base dei risultati ottenuti. Il libro è destinato a studenti e ricercatori nei campi dell'ottica, delle applicazioni fotoniche e della biologia. Tuttavia, i principali beneficiari di questo libro sono i ricercatori senior nel campo dell'ottica non lineare e dell'intelligenza artificiale. Per comprendere pienamente i risultati, è importante avere una conoscenza di base della fisica ottica e della biologia dei neuroni.
Reticulate Evolution
by Nathalie GontierWritten for non-experts, this volume introduces the mechanisms that underlie reticulate evolution. Chapters are either accompanied with glossaries that explain new terminology or timelines that position pioneering scholars and their major discoveries in their historical contexts. The contributing authors outline the history and original context of discovery of symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow and infectious heredity. By applying key insights from the areas of molecular (phylo)genetics, microbiology, virology, ecology, systematics, immunology, epidemiology and computational science, they demonstrate how reticulate evolution impacts successful survival, fitness and speciation. Reticulate evolution brings forth a challenge to the standard Neo-Darwinian framework, which defines life as the outcome of bifurcation and ramification patterns brought forth by the vertical mechanism of natural selection. Reticulate evolution puts forward a pattern in the tree of life that is characterized by horizontal mergings and lineage crossings induced by symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow and infective heredity, making the "tree of life" look more like a "web of life. " On an epistemological level, the various means by which hereditary material can be transferred horizontally challenges our classic notions of units and levels of evolution, fitness, modes of transmission, linearity, communities and biological individuality. The case studies presented examine topics including the origin of the eukaryotic cell and its organelles through symbiogenesis; the origin of algae through primary and secondary symbiosis and dinoflagellates through tertiary symbiosis; the superorganism and holobiont as units of evolution; how endosymbiosis induces speciation in multicellular life forms; transferrable and non-transferrable plasmids and how they symbiotically interact with their host; the means by which pro- and eukaryotic organisms transfer genes laterally (bacterial transformation, transduction and conjugation as well as transposons and other mobile genetic elements); hybridization and divergence with gene flow in sexually-reproducing individuals; current (human) microbiome and viriome studies that impact our knowledge concerning the evolution of organismal health and acquired immunity; and how symbiosis and symbiogenesis can be modelled in computational evolution.
Retinal Degeneration
by Bernhard H.F. Weber Thomas LangmannOver the past decades, knowledge about the cellular and molecular basis underlying the visual process has remarkably increased. In Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a guide of relevant and state-of-the-art methods for studying retinal homeostasis and disease. These include methods and techniques for addressing cell culture systems and animal models of disease, their generation, their phenotypic and molecular characterization as well as their use in therapeutic approaches to the retina. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study the cutting-edge techniques of retinal cell biology in health and disease.
Retinal Degeneration: Methods And Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #935)
by Thomas Langmann Bernhard H. WeberThis volume provides key updates on several methods from the first edition as well as including new novel techniques to address the most recent technological developments and their applications in retinal research Chapters guide readers through gene identification approaches, detailed protocols to generate functional retinal pigment epithelium cells, mouse retina and other animal models, fundus imaging and angiography, and cell-based treatment approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful scientific work in the further study of this vital field.
Retinal Degenerative Diseases XX: Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1468)
by Joe G. Hollyfield Robert E. Anderson Christian Grimm John D. Ash Catherine Bowes Rickman Eric PierceThis book contains the proceedings of the XVIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2018). A majority of those who spoke and presented posters at the meeting contributed to this volume. Most blinding [CG1] diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium focused on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the “best” and “most important” meetings in the field. The volume presents representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. Significant advances in these areas of retinal degenerations have been made since the last RD Symposium, RD2021. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those were reported at the RD2023 meeting and included in the current volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations is reflected in the volume.
Retinal Development
by Shu-Zhen WangIn recent years, there have been major advances in the concepts and methodologies used in the study of retinal development at both cellular and molecular levels. These advanced methodologies have allowed and will continue to allow researchers to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal development. In Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the protocols used for a wide range of experiments. These include protocols and techniques for manipulating gene expression in vivo, tracing cell fates with modernized classic blastomere manipulation in Xenopus and with Cre-based technique in mouse and in zebrafish, retinal regeneration and stem cell-based replacement, and ERG (function) recording and non-invasive imaging. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols provides methodologies crucial to the success of increasingly more complex and often challenging investigations in the fields of retinal development and other biological and biomedical research.
Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2092)
by Chai-An MaoThis volume details commonly used molecular and cellular techniques and specialized methodologies for studying retina neuronal subtypes and electrophysiology. Chapters describe techniques for anatomical studies of retinal ganglion cell morphology, gap-junction-mediated neuronal connection, multi-electrode array recording on mouse retinas, and paired recording to study the electrical coupling between photoreceptors. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols aims to provide readers with a set of practical experimental tools to study retinal development, regeneration, and function of mature retinal neurons. Many of the protocols and strategies described in one organism can be easily adapted to applications in different model systems.
Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Image Analysis (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Xinjian Chen Fei Shi Haoyu ChenThis book introduces the latest optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and computerized automatic image analysis techniques, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. Discussing the basic principles and the clinical applications of OCT imaging, OCT image preprocessing, as well as the automatic detection and quantitative analysis of retinal anatomy and pathology, it includes a wealth of clinical OCT images, and state-of-the-art research that applies novel image processing, pattern recognition and machine learning methods to real clinical data. It is a valuable resource for researchers in both medical image processing and ophthalmic imaging.
Retinitis Pigmentosa (Methods in Molecular Biology #2560)
by Stephen H. Tsang Peter M. J. QuinnThis volume details the history of Retinitis Pigmentosa and current treatment options. Chapters guide readers through CRISPR, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, next-generation sequencing methods, gene editing, and translational applications of other therapies to the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinitis Pigmentosa aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Retinoblastoma
by Matthew W. WilsonTreatment of retinoblastoma has evolved at a significant speed over the last two decades; ocular salvage approaches are now at the core of modern treatments, and assessment of visual and functional outcomes has become a priority. New discoveries in retinoblastoma biology are leading the way to the development of targeted therapies that could revolutionize our current approaches to the treatment. In this book, experts address all the important aspects of research and therapy - from biology to epidemiology to treatment. Retinoblastoma will provide a single source for the diagnosis and care of children with this malignancy.
Retinoid Protocols
by Christopher RedfernA comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art biochemical and molecular methods for retinoid research. These easily reproducible techniques range from methods of handling and analyzing retinoids to advanced protocols for gene targeting, from binding protein function in transgenic animals to the study of nuclear retinoid receptors. In addition, the book makes accessible to all retinoid researchers such advanced techniques as cloning via RT-PCR, fluorimetry methods, recombinant protein purification and characterization, the use of antisense oligonucleotides to study the role of CRABPs, immunological and in situ hybridization methods, photoaffinity labeling, gel-shift analysis, and differential display.
Retinoid and Rexinoid Signaling: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2019)
by Swapan K. RayThis volume explores the latest synthetic procedures for producing receptor-specific retinoids and rexinoids, molecular biology methods, and new technologies to demonstrate the therapeutic activities of molecules. The chapters in this book cover topics such as lentiviral delivery of shRNA constructs into acute promyelocytic leukemia cells for ATRA induced differentiation and autophagy; methods to analyze RAR signaling in colorectal cancer cells; differentiation of primary myoblasts by using RXR agonist; methodology for analyzing effects of retinoid treatment on nervous system development and larval swimming behavior; and protocols for assessment of autophagic flux in ATRA treated 2D and 3D breast cancer cultures. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Retinoid and Rexinoid Signaling: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resources for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and principal investigators who are interested in further exploring the signaling mechanisms of these molecules in their specific preclinical models.
Retinoids
by Gabriel H. Travis Hui SunNew and exciting biological functions are still being discovered for vitamin A derivatives, including the vast number of physiological activities of retinoids. In Retinoids: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field present the most recent technical tools with diverse techniques for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Combining biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological techniques, the book addresses topics such as the detection and quantitation of retinoids using HPLC, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence, fluorescence anisotropy of retinol binding protein, cell culture models for studying retinoid transport and the role of retinol in embryonic stem cell culture, as well as many other detailed procedures. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinoids: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid beginning and experienced researchers from widely varied fields in the search to uncover even more vital aspects of vitamin A's impact on the human body.
Retinoids in Oncology (Basic And Clinical Oncology Ser. #4)
by Waun Ki HongThis reference provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in basic research that are relevant to the application of retinoids for cancer prevention and treatment.;Organized in a quick-referral format by specific disease site, this book: describes the effects of retinoids on squamous differentiation in normal, pre-malignant, and malignant epithelial tissues; addresses the mechanisms by which cultured keratinocytes respond to retinoids; considers the antitumor activity of combination therapy with retinoids and cytokines; reviews the toxicity profiles of the vitamin A molecule and the synthetically derived retinoid compounds and their effects on humans; examines the use of retinoids in the prevention of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in the therapy of advanced SCC; and summarizes data on the potential of retinoids to prevent epithelial cancer, to act as adjuvants to current therapies in early stages of the disease and to aid in the management of both solid tumours and hematologic malignancies.;A guide for the many disciplines involved in the preclinical studies and direct care of cancer patients, this book serves as useful reading for clinical, surgical and radiation oncologists; clinical immunologists; dermatologists; obstetricians/gynaecologists; haematologists; otolaryngologists; internists; nutritionists; and pulmonary-disease specialists.
Retraction Matters: New Developments in the Philosophy of Language (Synthese Library #488)
by Dan Zeman Mihai HîncuThis book offers the first sustained investigation of the phenomenon of retraction - the “taking back” of the conventional or deontic effects of a previous speech act - bringing together issues and solutions from the semantics of perspectival expressions and from the framework of Speech Act theory. It addresses questions that have been at the center of lively debates in philosophy of language and linguistics, but also draws out some of the ramifications these questions have for certain debates in the logic of discourse, philosophy of mind or experimental philosophy. Many times, what we say on a certain occasion proves to be wrong. When we realize this, we sometimes react by retracting what was previously said – formally or informally, explicitly or not. The essays in this volume tackle issues such as what are the necessary and sufficient conditions for successfully performing a retraction, whether there is a solid empirical basis for retraction, whether the phenomenon can be used in favor or against certain semantics views, whether there is a type of retraction that is merely verbal, or what are the ethical implications of retraction. The volume brings together and puts in dialogue renowned researchers on these topics, serving both as a fixture for specialists and as an introduction into the topic of retraction.
Retrain Your Anxious Brain: Practical and Effective Tools to Conquer Anxiety
by Daylle Deanna Schwartz John TsilimparisFeeling overwhelmed? Worried about your day-to-day life? Find simple solutions for stress and learn to control anxiety before it begins.Trouble sleeping, panic attacks, knots in your stomach, excessive worry, doubts, phobias—anxiety comes in many shapes and sizes, and affects millions of people. But you don’t have to suffer anymore. In Retrain Your Anxious Brain, renowned therapist and anxiety expert John Tsilimparis, MFT, shares the groundbreaking program he’s created to help hundreds of people (himself included) free themselves from crippling anxiety and live healthier, happier lives.Rather than just treating or masking symptoms, Tsilimparis’s innovative approach helps you identify and short-circuit anxiety triggers, so that you can stop anxiety before it starts. This customizable plan teaches you how to:¥ Short-circuit negative thinking¥ Change your response to anxiety triggers¥ Alter fixed thoughts that can cause anxiety¥ Adjust your existing personal belief systems¥ Challenge the idea of consensus reality¥ Balance your dualistic mind¥ Consciously create your own reality¥ Customize a program that works for you!Previously published.
Retraining Cognition: Techniques and Applications (Third Edition)
by Rick Parenté Douglas J. HerrmannTextbook on cognitive rehabilitation therapy, for psychology and rehabilitation students. Discusses therapeutic methods and their theoretical foundations in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and speech.
Retreat from a Rising Sea: Hard Choices in an Age of Climate Change
by Orrin H. Pilkey Linda Pilkey-Jarvis Keith C. PilkeyMelting ice sheets and warming oceans are causing the seas to rise. By the end of this century, hundreds of millions of people living at low elevations along coasts will be forced to retreat to higher and safer ground. Because of sea-level rise, major storms will inundate areas farther inland and will lay waste to critical infrastructure, such as water-treatment and energy facilities, creating vast, irreversible pollution by decimating landfills and toxic-waste sites. This big-picture, policy-oriented book explains in gripping terms what rising oceans will do to coastal cities and the drastic actions we must take now to remove vulnerable populations.The authors detail specific threats faced by Miami, New Orleans, New York, and Amsterdam. Aware of the overwhelming social, political, and economic challenges that would accompany effective action, they consider the burden to the taxpayer and the logistics of moving landmarks and infrastructure, including toxic-waste sites. They also show readers the alternative: thousands of environmental refugees, with no legitimate means to regain what they have lost. The authors conclude with effective approaches for addressing climate-change denialism and powerful arguments for reforming U.S. federal coastal management policies.
Retrieving Augustine's Doctrine of Creation: Ancient Wisdom for Current Controversy
by Gavin OrtlundHow might premodern exegesis of Genesis inform Christian debates about creation today? Imagine a table with three people in dialogue: a young-earth creationist, an old-earth creationist, and an evolutionary creationist. Into the room walks Augustine of Hippo, one of the most significant theologians in the history of the church. In what ways will his reading of Scripture and his doctrine of creation inform, deepen, and shape the conversation? Pastor and theologian Gavin Ortlund explores just such a scenario by retrieving Augustine's reading of Genesis 1-3 and considering how his premodern understanding of creation can help Christians today. Ortlund contends that while Augustine's hermeneutical approach and theological questions might differ from those of today, this church father's humility before Scripture and his theological conclusions can shed light on matters such as evolution, animal death, and the historical Adam and Eve. Have a seat. Join the conversation.
Retro
by Jarrod Shusterman Sofía LapuenteWhat starts off as a lighthearted competition to live without modern technology for a year turns into a fight for survival in this unputdownable young adult thriller by New York Times bestselling author Jarrod Shusterman and debut author Sofía Lapuente.It was never meant to happen this way. Things were never supposed to get this out of hand. After a cyberbullying incident at her school goes viral, Luna Iglesias finds herself at the heart of a brewing controversy. When the social media company Limbo—who are also implicated in the scandal—sweeps in with an offer that sounds like an opportunity to turn over a new leaf and receive a scholarship to the college of her dreams, she&’s happy to jump on the new trend. It&’s called the Retro Challenge, where contestants live without modern technology, wear vintage clothes, party as if the future weren&’t already written, and fall in love as if they were living in a movie. At first, the challenge is fun. But then things get dangerous. Kids start disappearing, including Luna&’s friends. There are voices in the woods. Bloodred markings on the trees. And Luna increasingly begins to wonder if all these strange happenings are connected with the Retro Challenge. Secrets. Lies. Betrayal. The weight of her family on her shoulders. There&’s so much on the line for Luna, not to mention she&’s falling in love with the last guy she expected. Unless she can figure out the truth behind who&’s sabotaging the challenge, the next person to disappear may be Luna herself.