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Rethinking Practice as Research and the Cognitive Turn
by S. MayThe last 15 years has seen an explosion of studies that use cognitive science to understand theatre, whilst at the same time theatre-makers are using their artistic practice to address research question. This book looks at the current discourse around these emerging fields.
Rethinking Race: The Case For Deflationary Realism
by Michael O. HardimonBecause science has shown that racial essentialism is false, and because the idea of race has proved virulent, many people believe we should eliminate the word and concept entirely. Michael Hardimon criticizes this thinking, arguing that we must recognize the real ways in which race exists in order to revise our understanding of its significance.
Rethinking Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice (Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series)
by Kathryn McPherson Barbara E. Gibson Alain LeplègeThis book informs readers about how leading researchers are rethinking rehabilitation research and practice. It emphasizes discussion on the place of theory in advancing rehabilitation knowledge, unearthing important questions for policy and practice, underpinning research design, and prompting readers to question clinical assumptions. Each author proposes ways of thinking that are informed by theory, philosophy, and/or history as well as empirical research. Rigorous and provocative, it presents chapters that model ways readers might advance their own thinking, learning, practice, and research.
Rethinking Science Education in Latin-America: Diversity and Equity for Latin American Students in Science Education (Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education #59)
by Ainoa Marzabal Cristian MerinoThis edited volume presents an integrated vision around the processes of science teaching and learning in Latin American schools. Existing scientific literacy findings varies greatly between students, influenced by gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status, as well as location. This book provides systematic and cohesive insights, grounded in the existing literature, to move towards equitable science education.It critically analysis existing literature, from the field to guide future research. It discusses various research projects developed in Latin America as examples for researchers and educators. It provides guidelines to improve science teaching and learning processes at school level. By bringing together the main contributions of the region to this project, it allows findings to be accessible to non-Spanish speaking readers.This book provides contextualized insight into the main topics in the field, rethinking science education in Latin-America and identifyingreform efforts. It is of interest to teachers, teacher educators, researchers, and policy makers.
Rethinking Scientific Literacy (Critical Social Thought)
by Angela Calabrese Barton Wolff-Michael RothRethinking Scientific Literacy presents a new perspective on science learning as a tool for improving communities. By focusing on case studies inside and outside of the classroom, the authors illuminate the relevance of science in students' everyday lives, offering a new vision of scientific literacy that is inextricably linked with social responsibility and community development. The goal if not tote memorization of facts and theories, but a broader competency in scientific thinking and the ability to generate positive change.
Rethinking Stormwater Management through Sustainable Urban Design (Urban Sustainability)
by Ali Cheshmehzangi Andrew Flynn Maycon SedrezThis book provides a different narrative and approach to rethinking stormwater management through sustainable urban design. It delves into design interventions and innovative strategies that lead to solving context-specific issues of flooding, water scarcity, etc. Starting with an overarching introduction and discussion on stormwater management research, the book then primarily focuses on sustainable urban design practices, strategies, and policy guidelines. By summarising a selection of successful global case study examples, the book highlights how we should rethink stormwater management practices and policies from the design perspective. Through sustainable urban design suggestions, the book covers a wide range of conceptual examples to design and policy guidelines, as well as best practices that could be utilised for other contexts. The book is divided into two sections of: (1) architectural and urban design practices and interventions; and (2) policies and action plans. This collection helps researchers and scholars rethink stormwater management and consider innovative - and, more importantly, sustainable - design strategies that could help develop new paradigms and policies for water-related issues in cities and communities. This will interest multiple stakeholders, mainly urban policymakers, planners, urban designers, urban specialists, landscape architects, architects, and urban ecologists. It could be treated as a case study-based guide for governmental units dealing with water related issues in cities and urban areas.
Rethinking Strategic Management: Sustainable Strategizing for Positive Impact (CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance)
by Thomas WunderThis book offers innovative ideas and frameworks for sustainable strategizing to advance business by scaling-up its positive impact, which is so urgently needed at this time in the 21st century. It shows practitioners how to effectively deal with socio-ecological systems’ disruptions to their operating environments and play an active role in transforming markets toward a sustainable future. In short, the book demonstrates how to make business sense of sustainability, highlighting new approaches and examples that translate sustainability into strategy and action. The ultimate goal is to provide a path toward a thriving future for both business and society. This book was written for strategy practitioners and decision makers who want to understand why sustainable strategizing is important in today’s business world and are seeking actionable business knowledge they can apply in their companies. It was also written for students of management and can be used as a supplemental text to support traditional graduate and undergraduate management courses.
Rethinking Sustainability Towards a Regenerative Economy (Future City #15)
by Preben Hansen Maria Beatrice Andreucci Antonino Marvuglia Milen BaltovThis open access book is based on work from the COST Action “RESTORE - REthinking Sustainability TOwards a Regenerative Economy'', and highlights how sustainability in buildings, facilities and urban governance is crucial for a future that is socially just, ecologically restorative, and economically viable, for Europe and the whole planet. In light of the search for fair solutions to the climate crisis, the authors outline the urgency for the built environment sector to implement adaptation and mitigation strategies, as well as a just transition. As shown in the chapters, this can be done by applying a broader framework that enriches places, people, ecology, culture, and climate, at the core of the design task - with a particular emphasis on the benefits towards health and resilient business practices.This book is one step on the way to a paradigm shift towards restorative sustainability for new and existing buildings. The authors want to promote forward thinking and multidisciplinary knowledge, leading to solutions that celebrate the richness of design creativity. In this vision, cities of the future will enhance users’ experience, health and wellbeing inside and outside of buildings, while reconciling anthropic ecosystems and nature. A valuable resource for scientists and students in environmental sciences and architecture, as well as policy makers, practitioners and investors in urban and regional development.
Rethinking Sustainable Tourism in Geographical Environments: Theory and Practices (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Alina ZajadaczThis book covers the current escalation of social problems related to the unstable political situation, economic crisis, as well as growing problems related to the state of the natural environment (existential climate crisis; pollution of land, oceans, and the atmosphere; severe declines in biodiversity) which requires a new rethinking of the sustainable tourism paradigm, in relation to the realities of the modern world, based on the practices observed in the tourist services sector. „Tourism is like fire, you can cook food on it, you can also burn down your house”—says the proverb. On the one hand, it allows for the regeneration of physical and mental strength of visitors, as well as provides funds for the economic development of the destination, but on the other hand, it contributes to a lot of damage to the geographical environment. The period of "stopping" of tourism during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic allowed many areas to be relieved of the tourist traffic, which resulted in the observed revitalization of the natural environment, but also huge social and economic problems in destinations that are largely dependent on income from tourism. The rapid resurgence of tourism after the pandemic restored revenues but also caused many social tensions. The problem of overtourism returned, and residents protested, calling for "tourists to go home." The entire tourism system requires a thorough analysis of the complex consequences of its development. This book presents many challenges facing contemporary tourism. Its theoretical and practical aspects provide a useful knowledge base for both researchers studying changes in tourism and practitioners in the tourism services sector. The content also serves as an inspiration to search for optimal solutions aimed at the sustainable development of contemporary and future tourism.
Rethinking Thomas Kuhn’s Legacy (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #345)
by Yafeng ShanThomas Kuhn is widely considered as one of the most important philosophers of science in the 20th century and his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is regarded as one of the most influential works in the philosophy of science. This book not only revisits his legacy in the history and philosophy of science but also explores and reflects on the prospect of the Kuhnian philosophy. Moreover, it includes the edited text of Kuhn’s ‘Does Knowledge Grow?’, which was never published before. Comprised of 15 newly written chapters by leading Kuhn scholars and philosophers of science across the globe from ten countries, this book is of great interest to researchers and advanced students, but also to general readers.
Rethinking Wilderness and the Wild: Conflict, Conservation and Co-existence (Routledge Studies in Conservation and the Environment)
by Stephen Harris Marty Branagan Robyn Bartel Fiona UtleyRethinking Wilderness and the Wild: Conflict, Conservation and Co-existence examines the complexities surrounding the concept of wilderness. Contemporary wilderness scholarship has tended to fall into two categories: the so-called ‘fortress conservation’ and ‘co-existence’ schools of thought. This book, contending that this polarisation has led to a silencing and concealment of alternative perspectives and lines of enquiry, extends beyond these confines and in particular steers away from the dilemmas of paradise or paradox in order to advance an intellectual and policy agenda of plurality and diversity rather than of prescription and definition. Drawing on case studies from Australia, Aoteoroa/New Zealand, the United States and Iceland, and explorations of embodied experience, creative practice, philosophy, and First Nations land management approaches, the assembled chapters examine wilderness ideals, conflicts and human-nature dualities afresh, and examine co-existence and conservation in the Anthropocene in diverse ontological and multidisciplinary ways. By demonstrating a strong commitment to respecting the knowledge and perspectives of Indigenous peoples, this work delivers a more nuanced, ethical and decolonising approach to issues arising from relationships with wilderness. Such a collection is immediately appropriate given the political challenges and social complexities of our time, and the mounting threats to life across the globe. The abiding and uniting logic of the book is to offer a unique and innovative contribution to engender transformations of wilderness scholarship, activism and conservation policy. This text refutes the inherent privileging and exclusionary tactics of dominant modes of enquiry that too often serve to silence non-human and contrary positions. It reveals a multi-faceted and contingent wilderness alive with agency, diversity and possibility. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of conservation, environmental and natural resource management, Indigenous studies and environmental policy and planning. It will also be of interest to practitioners, policymakers and NGOs involved in conservation, protected environments and environmental governance.
Rethinking the BSE Crisis
by Louise CummingsIn 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.
Rethinking the Education Mess: A Systems Approach to Education Reform
by Can M. Alpaslan Ian I. Mitroff Lindan B. HillUsing a form of systems thinking, this book analyzes K-12 education as a complex, "messy" system that must be tackled as a whole and provides a series of heuristics to help those involved in the education mess to improve the system as a whole.
Rethinking the Federal Lands (Routledge Revivals)
by Sterling BrubakerThe federal government is by far the largest landowner in the United States. It is somewhat of an anomaly for the federal government to hold vast acreages of land in an economy where the prevailing ideology favours private ownership. The Reagan administration’s (1981-1989) proposal to increase energy and mineral development on federal lands, to accelerate timber harvesting in national forests, and to expand the sale of federal lands generated strong and vocal opposition. Originally published in 1984, in the midst of the Reagan era, Rethinking the Federal Lands examines why the U.S. has retained federal lands and questions how ownership affects the management of federal lands and the total benefits society derives from them. This title is ideal for students interested in environmental studies and policy making.
Rethinking the Needham Question: A Non-Eurocentric Framework Transcending Dialogism
by Raymond W. LauThis book offers a new investigation of the Needham Question. Why did modern science emerge in Europe, but not in any of the advanced non-European civilizations? Eurocentric accounts attribute it to certain ‘qualities’ said to be ‘unique’ to Europe. Opposed to the Eurocentric view is a position known as the ‘dialogical perspective’. Dialogism argues that Europe borrowed heavily from non-European scientific knowledges, and that scientific exchanges were key to the development of modern science. Neo-Eurocentric arguments have emerged in response to the challenge of dialogism, and the debate between Eurocentrism/neo-Eurocentrism and dialogism currently stands at a stalemate. In this book, Raymond Lau brings a new theoretical-methodological framework to finally settle this debate. The historical analysis developed here shows that to secure the non-Eurocentric case, and decisively rebut Eurocentrism and neo-Eurocentrism, it is necessary to go beyond dialogism both theoretically and methodologically.
Reti Neurali Solitoniche: Un Innovativo Network Neurale Fotonico Basato su Interconnessioni Solitoniche
by Alessandro BileQuesto libro descrive la realizzazione di un sistema ottico intelligente in grado di replicare gli elementi funzionali del cervello biologico. Partendo da un'analisi delle dinamiche neuronali biologiche, ed effettuando una panoramica sullo stato dell'arte dei sistemi neuromorfi sviluppati fino ad oggi, il cuore del manoscritto descrive delle innovative reti neurali completamente ottiche realizzate attraverso la tecnologia dei solitoni spaziali. Dopo una breve introduzione sulla biologia delle reti neurali (Capitolo 1), il libro si addentra nella descrizione del problema neuromorfo, sottolineando le peculiarità degli hardware ottici sviluppati finora (Capitolo 2). Il Capitolo 3 è dedicato alla descrizione delle psicomemorie, che rappresentano il modello dell'apprendimento umano secondo le teorie della moderna neuropsicologia. Questo capitolo fornisce i prerequisiti per comprendere come le reti neurali solitoniche (SNN) siano in grado di apprendere e come la fisica che le governa si avvicini al funzionamento dei modelli biologici. Il Capitolo 4 descrive nel dettaglio gli esperimenti effettuati per la realizzazione di neuroni ottici solitonici in sottili strati di niobato di litio. Vengono discusse le tecniche ottiche per l'apprendimento supervisionato e non supervisionato. L'intero capitolo è corredato da risultati teorici, simulativi e sperimentali. Inoltre, spiega come un neurone X-Junction sia in grado di stabilire sinapsi, modificarle o cancellarle. La cancellazione di strutture solitoniche rappresenta un'importante innovazione nel campo dell'ottica non lineare. Infine, il Capitolo 5 illustra l'implementazione di una rete di neuroni in grado di elaborare informazioni e memorizzarle esattamente come fa una memoria episodica umana. Il Capitolo si conclude con una serie di approfondimenti sulle linee di ricerca attualmente in corso sulla base dei risultati ottenuti. Il libro è destinato a studenti e ricercatori nei campi dell'ottica, delle applicazioni fotoniche e della biologia. Tuttavia, i principali beneficiari di questo libro sono i ricercatori senior nel campo dell'ottica non lineare e dell'intelligenza artificiale. Per comprendere pienamente i risultati, è importante avere una conoscenza di base della fisica ottica e della biologia dei neuroni.
Reticulate Evolution
by Nathalie GontierWritten for non-experts, this volume introduces the mechanisms that underlie reticulate evolution. Chapters are either accompanied with glossaries that explain new terminology or timelines that position pioneering scholars and their major discoveries in their historical contexts. The contributing authors outline the history and original context of discovery of symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow and infectious heredity. By applying key insights from the areas of molecular (phylo)genetics, microbiology, virology, ecology, systematics, immunology, epidemiology and computational science, they demonstrate how reticulate evolution impacts successful survival, fitness and speciation. Reticulate evolution brings forth a challenge to the standard Neo-Darwinian framework, which defines life as the outcome of bifurcation and ramification patterns brought forth by the vertical mechanism of natural selection. Reticulate evolution puts forward a pattern in the tree of life that is characterized by horizontal mergings and lineage crossings induced by symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow and infective heredity, making the "tree of life" look more like a "web of life. " On an epistemological level, the various means by which hereditary material can be transferred horizontally challenges our classic notions of units and levels of evolution, fitness, modes of transmission, linearity, communities and biological individuality. The case studies presented examine topics including the origin of the eukaryotic cell and its organelles through symbiogenesis; the origin of algae through primary and secondary symbiosis and dinoflagellates through tertiary symbiosis; the superorganism and holobiont as units of evolution; how endosymbiosis induces speciation in multicellular life forms; transferrable and non-transferrable plasmids and how they symbiotically interact with their host; the means by which pro- and eukaryotic organisms transfer genes laterally (bacterial transformation, transduction and conjugation as well as transposons and other mobile genetic elements); hybridization and divergence with gene flow in sexually-reproducing individuals; current (human) microbiome and viriome studies that impact our knowledge concerning the evolution of organismal health and acquired immunity; and how symbiosis and symbiogenesis can be modelled in computational evolution.
Retinal Degeneration
by Bernhard H.F. Weber Thomas LangmannOver the past decades, knowledge about the cellular and molecular basis underlying the visual process has remarkably increased. In Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a guide of relevant and state-of-the-art methods for studying retinal homeostasis and disease. These include methods and techniques for addressing cell culture systems and animal models of disease, their generation, their phenotypic and molecular characterization as well as their use in therapeutic approaches to the retina. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study the cutting-edge techniques of retinal cell biology in health and disease.
Retinal Degeneration: Methods And Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #935)
by Thomas Langmann Bernhard H. WeberThis volume provides key updates on several methods from the first edition as well as including new novel techniques to address the most recent technological developments and their applications in retinal research Chapters guide readers through gene identification approaches, detailed protocols to generate functional retinal pigment epithelium cells, mouse retina and other animal models, fundus imaging and angiography, and cell-based treatment approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful scientific work in the further study of this vital field.
Retinal Degenerative Diseases XX: Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1468)
by Joe G. Hollyfield Robert E. Anderson Christian Grimm John D. Ash Catherine Bowes Rickman Eric PierceThis book contains the proceedings of the XVIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2018). A majority of those who spoke and presented posters at the meeting contributed to this volume. Most blinding [CG1] diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium focused on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the “best” and “most important” meetings in the field. The volume presents representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. Significant advances in these areas of retinal degenerations have been made since the last RD Symposium, RD2021. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those were reported at the RD2023 meeting and included in the current volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations is reflected in the volume.
Retinal Development
by Shu-Zhen WangIn recent years, there have been major advances in the concepts and methodologies used in the study of retinal development at both cellular and molecular levels. These advanced methodologies have allowed and will continue to allow researchers to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal development. In Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the protocols used for a wide range of experiments. These include protocols and techniques for manipulating gene expression in vivo, tracing cell fates with modernized classic blastomere manipulation in Xenopus and with Cre-based technique in mouse and in zebrafish, retinal regeneration and stem cell-based replacement, and ERG (function) recording and non-invasive imaging. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols provides methodologies crucial to the success of increasingly more complex and often challenging investigations in the fields of retinal development and other biological and biomedical research.
Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2092)
by Chai-An MaoThis volume details commonly used molecular and cellular techniques and specialized methodologies for studying retina neuronal subtypes and electrophysiology. Chapters describe techniques for anatomical studies of retinal ganglion cell morphology, gap-junction-mediated neuronal connection, multi-electrode array recording on mouse retinas, and paired recording to study the electrical coupling between photoreceptors. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols aims to provide readers with a set of practical experimental tools to study retinal development, regeneration, and function of mature retinal neurons. Many of the protocols and strategies described in one organism can be easily adapted to applications in different model systems.
Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Image Analysis (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Xinjian Chen Fei Shi Haoyu ChenThis book introduces the latest optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and computerized automatic image analysis techniques, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. Discussing the basic principles and the clinical applications of OCT imaging, OCT image preprocessing, as well as the automatic detection and quantitative analysis of retinal anatomy and pathology, it includes a wealth of clinical OCT images, and state-of-the-art research that applies novel image processing, pattern recognition and machine learning methods to real clinical data. It is a valuable resource for researchers in both medical image processing and ophthalmic imaging.
Retinitis Pigmentosa (Methods in Molecular Biology #2560)
by Stephen H. Tsang Peter M. J. QuinnThis volume details the history of Retinitis Pigmentosa and current treatment options. Chapters guide readers through CRISPR, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, next-generation sequencing methods, gene editing, and translational applications of other therapies to the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinitis Pigmentosa aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Retinoblastoma
by Matthew W. WilsonTreatment of retinoblastoma has evolved at a significant speed over the last two decades; ocular salvage approaches are now at the core of modern treatments, and assessment of visual and functional outcomes has become a priority. New discoveries in retinoblastoma biology are leading the way to the development of targeted therapies that could revolutionize our current approaches to the treatment. In this book, experts address all the important aspects of research and therapy - from biology to epidemiology to treatment. Retinoblastoma will provide a single source for the diagnosis and care of children with this malignancy.