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Radio Wave Propagation and Parabolic Equation Modeling
by Gokhan Apaydin Levent SevgiAn important contribution to the literature that introduces powerful new methods for modeling and simulating radio wave propagation A thorough understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation is fundamental to the development of sophisticated communication and detection technologies. The powerful numerical methods described in this book represent a major step forward in our ability to accurately model electromagnetic wave propagation in order to establish and maintain reliable communication links, to detect targets in radar systems, and to maintain robust mobile phone and broadcasting networks. The first new book on guided wave propagation modeling and simulation to appear in nearly two decades, Radio Wave Propagation and Parabolic Equation Modeling addresses the fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation generally, with a specific focus on radio wave propagation through various media. The authors explore an array of new applications, and detail various virtual electromagnetic tools for solving several frequent electromagnetic propagation problems. All of the methods described are presented within the context of real-world scenarios typifying the differing effects of various environments on radio-wave propagation. This valuable text: Addresses groundwave and surface wave propagation Explains radar applications in terms of parabolic equation modeling and simulation approaches Introduces several simple and sophisticated MATLAB scripts Teaches applications that work with a wide range of electromagnetic, acoustic and optical wave propagation modeling Presents the material in a quick-reference format ideal for busy researchers and engineers Radio Wave Propagation and Parabolic Equation Modeling is a critical resource forelectrical, electronics, communication, and computer engineers working on industrial and military applications that rely on the directed propagation of radio waves. It is also a useful reference for advanced engineering students and academic researchers.
Radio Waves (Waves in Motion)
by Julia Garstecki-DerkovitzRadio waves aren't just for listening to your favorite radio station! They are used to make GPS receivers and wireless internet work. Scientists use radio telescopes to help them study space. With engaging, at-level text and colorful images, readers learn about radio waves and how we use them every day.
Radioactive!: How Irene Curie And Lise Meitner Revolutionized Science And Changed The World
by Winifred ConklingThe fascinating, little-known story of how two brilliant female physicists’ groundbreaking discoveries led to the creation of the atomic bomb.<P><P> In 1934, Irène Curie, working with her husband and fellow scientist, Frederic Joliot, made a discovery that would change the world: artificial radioactivity. This breakthrough allowed scientists to modify elements and create new ones by altering the structure of atoms. Curie shared a Nobel Prize with her husband for their work. But when she was nominated to the French Academy of Sciences, the academy denied her admission and voted to disqualify all women from membership. Four years later, Curie’s breakthrough led physicist Lise Meitner to a brilliant leap of understanding that unlocked the secret of nuclear fission. Meitner’s unique insight was critical to the revolution in science that led to nuclear energy and the race to build the atom bomb, yet her achievement was left unrecognized by the Nobel committee in favor of that of her male colleague.<P> Radioactive! presents the story of two women breaking ground in a male-dominated field, scientists still largely unknown despite their crucial contributions to cutting-edge research, in a nonfiction narrative that reads with the suspense of a thriller.
Radioactive!: How Irène Curie and Lise Meitner Revolutionized Science and Changed the World
by Winifred ConklingThe fascinating, little-known story of how two brilliant female physicists’ groundbreaking discoveries led to the creation of the atomic bomb. In 1934, Irène Curie, working with her husband and fellow scientist, Frederic Joliot, made a discovery that would change the world: artificial radioactivity. This breakthrough allowed scientists to modify elements and create new ones by altering the structure of atoms. Curie shared a Nobel Prize with her husband for their work. But when she was nominated to the French Academy of Sciences, the academy denied her admission and voted to disqualify all women from membership. Four years later, Curie’s breakthrough led physicist Lise Meitner to a brilliant leap of understanding that unlocked the secret of nuclear fission. Meitner’s unique insight was critical to the revolution in science that led to nuclear energy and the race to build the atom bomb, yet her achievement was left unrecognized by the Nobel committee in favor of that of her male colleague.Radioactive! presents the story of two women breaking ground in a male-dominated field, scientists still largely unknown despite their crucial contributions to cutting-edge research, in a nonfiction narrative that reads with the suspense of a thriller. Photographs and sidebars illuminate and clarify the science in the book.
Radioactive: Marie And Pierre Curie - A Tale Of Love And Fallout
by Lauren RednissIn 1891, 24-year-old Marie Sklodowska moved from Warsaw to Paris, where she found work in the laboratory of Pierre Curie, a scientist engaged in research on heat and magnetism. They fell in love. They took their honeymoon on bicycles. They expanded the periodic table, discovering two new elements with startling properties, radium and polonium. They recognized radioactivity as an atomic property, heralding the dawn of a new scientific era. They won the Nobel Prize. Newspapers mythologized the couple's romance, beginning articles on the Curies with "Once upon a time... " Then, in 1906, Pierre was killed in a freak accident. Marie continued their work alone. She won a second Nobel Prize in 1911, and fell in love again, this time with the married physicist Paul Langevin. Scandal ensued. Duels were fought.<P><P> In the century since the Curies began their work, we've struggled with nuclear weapons proliferation, debated the role of radiation in medical treatment, and pondered nuclear energy as a solution to climate change. In Radioactive, Lauren Redniss links these contentious questions to a love story in 19th Century Paris.<P> Radioactive draws on Redniss's original reporting in Asia, Europe and the United States, her interviews with scientists, engineers, weapons specialists, atomic bomb survivors, and Marie and Pierre Curie's own granddaughter.<P> Whether young or old, scientific novice or expert, no one will fail to be moved by Lauren Redniss's eerie and wondrous evocation of one of history's most intriguing figures.
Radioactive: Marie & Pierre Curie: A Tale of Love and Fallout
by Lauren RednissA visual journey into the life of Marie Curie, as told through the dazzling collage style of acclaimed author and artist Lauren Redniss “Lauren Redniss creates an entirely new genre of biography.” —Nylon“Visually dazzling…a startlingly original graphic style.” —SlateThe name Marie Curie is enshrined in every schoolchild’s mind as one of the earliest and most inspirational female pioneers in the history of science. Yet the rich, vivid, and romantic story of Marya Salome Sklodwska—the young Polish national who discovered radioactivity—has been lost to time . . . until now, in the pages of this stunning, wildly creative, and uniquely moving visual biography by one of the most creative artistic talents working today. Lauren Redniss, a celebrated New York Times illustrator and storyteller, has thrown herself deeply and passionately into researching the story of the real Marie Curie; of her passionate and tragic romantic life; and of the century of scientific innovation and controversy that sprang from her discovery of radium and went on to change the course of world history. Drawing on her original archival research in Europe and the United States—and a host of new interviews with Curie family members and scientists who carry on the Curie tradition—Redniss has created a fascinating and deeply moving book. A visually stunning work of illustrative art, Radioactive walks the reader through the story of Curie’s own life, which was marked by both extraordinary scientific discovery and dramatic personal trauma—from her romantic partnership with Pierre, through his tragic decline from radium poisoning and death in a traffic accident, to the scandalous affair with another fellow scientist that almost cost her her second Nobel Prize. But it also casts an eye forward, to survey the changes wrought by Curie’s discovery of radioactivity—illuminating the path from the Curie laboratory past the bright red mushroom clouds in the Nevada desert through Three Mile Island and the advance in radiation therapy and nuclear power today. Whether young or old, scientific novice or expert, no one will fail to be moved by Lauren Redniss’s eerie and wondrous evocation of one of history’s most intriguing figures.
Radioactive Air Sampling Methods
by Mark L. Maiello Mark D. HooverAlthough the field of radioactive air sampling has matured and evolved over decades, it has lacked a single resource that assimilates technical and background information on its many facets. Edited by experts and with contributions from top practitioners and researchers, Radioactive Air Sampling Methods provides authoritative guidanc
The Radioactive Boy Scout
by Ken SilversteinGrowing up in suburban Detroit, David Hahn was fascinated by science. While he was working on his Atomic Energy badge for the Boy Scouts, David's obsessive attention turned to nuclear energy. Throwing caution to the wind, he plunged into a new project: building a model nuclear reactor in his backyard garden shed. Posing as a physics professor, David solicited information on reactor design from the U. S. government and from industry experts. Following blueprints he found in an outdated physics textbook, David cobbled together a crude device that threw off toxic levels of radiation. His wholly unsupervised project finally sparked an environmental emergency that put his town's forty thousand suburbanites at risk. The EPA ended up burying his lab at a radioactive dumpsite in Utah. This offbeat account of ambition and, ultimately, hubris has the narrative energy of a first-rate thriller.
Radioactive Contamination of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Five Years after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident
by Hideo YamazakiThis book presents the 5-year monitoring of radioactive contamination in the Tokyo metropolitan area due to the Fukushima accident, covering radiation monitoring of soil, litter, river, water, seawater, aquatic sediments, fish and shellfish, and plants in urban areas. Based on spatial and temporal data, it evaluates the environmental radiation contamination of the Tokyo metropolitan following the first nuclear accident affecting an urban area since Chernobyl. Since little is known about the contamination in Kiev city, this data is particularly valuable, offering insights into the dynamics of radioactive contamination in metropolitan areas, which are of interest in relation to the behavior of radionuclides resulting not only from nuclear accidents but also from nuclear terrorism? As such, this book will be appeal to nuclear and radiation experts, environmental administration professionals and specialists in environmental protection groups, as well as student and academics in the related fields.
Radioactive Pollutant: Sources, Issues and Remediation (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Nitish KumarThis book sheds light on the global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches. Radioactivity occurs naturally. Ionizing radiation has always been a threat to humans and all other living things on earth. While the average global readings could be a suitable benchmark for what must be deemed "normal," the natural level of radiation exposure varies by around an order of magnitude for different locations of the earth. Regardless of whether this degree of radiation exposure qualifies as innocuous, it cannot be avoided because some diseases may be caused by exposure to naturally occurring radiation. As a result, these natural exposures serve as the foundation for and comparison point for radiation protection principles such as dose limits or limitations. The majority of the ionizing radiation that the world's population is exposed to comes from natural sources The public receives maximum doses from nuclear sites that are now in normal operation those are typically two orders of magnitude below the background radiation. In industrialized nations, medical uses of radioactivity and ionizing radiation result in mean doses that are comparable to those from natural radiation, but individual doses vary greatly. This edited book brings together a diverse group of researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by radionuclides. This book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources of radioactive pollutant in the environment. Second section explains the health risk linked to radioactive pollutant. Third section addresses sustainable remediation strategies of radioactive waste and the potential applications of recent biological technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on management of radioactive waste throughout the world.
Radioactive Substances: Thesis Presented To The Faculte Des Sciences De Paris (classic Reprint)
by Marie CurieThe pioneering scientist&’s doctoral thesis on radioactivity that won her the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1896, Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered the first evidence of radioactivity. Inspired by the physicist&’s work, Marie Curie began investigating this phenomenon further with the help of her husband, Pierre. For four years, the couple researched various minerals and substances for radioactivity, a term she coined. In Radioactive Substances,Curie outlines with great detail her painstaking research and discoveries, which include the elements radium and polonium. Due to their breakthroughs, Marie and Pierre were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, the first of two for Marie.
Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Power Plants
by Thomas B. Johansson Peter SteenThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.
Radioactive Waste Management
by James SalingThis reviews sources of radioactive waste and introduces radioactive decay and radiation shielding calculations. It covers technical and regulatory aspects of waste management with discussion questions at the end of each chapter to provide an opportunity to explore the many facets of waste management issues. An extensive reference list at the end of each chapter retains the references from the first edition of the book and incorporates references used in preparing this revised text, giving readers an opportunity to look at historical records as well as current information.
Radioactivity and Radiation
by Claus Grupen Mark RodgersThis book lays the foundations for you to understand all that you always wanted to know about radioactivity. It begins by setting out essential information about the structure of matter, how radiation occurs and how it can be measured. It goes on to explore the substantial benefits of radioactivity through its many applications, and also the possible risks associated with its use. The field of radioactivity is explained in layman's terms, so that everybody who is interested can improve their understanding of issues such as nuclear power, radiation accidents, medical applications of radiation and radioactivity from the environment. Everything is radioactive. There is natural radioactivity in the homes that we live in, the food that we eat and the air that we breath. For over 100 years, people have recognised the potential for radioactivity to help solve problems and improve our standard of living. This has led to the creation of radioactivity levels in some places that are much higher than naturally-occurring background levels. Such high levels of radiation can be harmful to people and the environment, so there is a clear need to manage this potential harm and to make the risk worth the benefits mankind can achieve from radioactive materials.
Radioactivity Transfer in Environment and Food
by Fokion K. VosniakosThe book deals with various consequences of major nuclear accidents, such as in 1986 in Chernobyl and in 2011 in Fukushima. The public is extremely interested in learning more about the movements and risks posed by radiation in the environment related to food supply and food safety. Radionuclides are found in air, water, soil and even in us not only after nuclear accidents because they occur also in nature. Every day, we ingest and inhale radionuclides in our air and food and the water. This book provides a solid underpinning of the basic physical-chemistry and biogeochemistry of naturally occurring and anthrop radioactivity. The mechanisms of radioactive element transfer in the atmosphere, tropospheric and stratospheric diffusion of radioactivity, environmental contamination from accidents and the impact of atmospheric pollution on the food chain, soil and plants, are analyzed and the analytical methods are illustrated. The question of natural radioactivity concentration in building materials is addressed too. While the book contains many case studies and data for Greece, it is of general value. It contributes to the development of international environmentally safe standards and economically reasonable standard regulations based on justified radiological, social and economical legislation concepts.
Radioaktive Elemente: Eine Reise durch das Periodensystem (essentials)
by Hermann SiciusHermann Sicius bringt dem Leser in knapper Form alle wichtigen Informationen rund um eine wichtige Klasse metallischer Rohstoffe nahe. Von den achtzehn Metallen der Actinoide und der dritten Nebengruppe sind bis auf Thorium, Uran und vielleicht Plutonium alle weitgehend unbekannt, aber trotz ihrer teils extrem aufwendigen Herstellung gibt es hochinteressante Einsatzgebiete dieser oft stark radioaktiven Elemente, und dies auch in nicht-militärischen, d. h. friedlichen Anwendungen. Wussten Sie schon vom Einsatz Americiums in Radionuklidbatterien? Dem Beschuss von Atomen des Einsteiniums mit kleineren Atomkernen zur Erzeugung von Elementen noch höherer Ordnungszahl? Nein? Dann lassen Sie sich die faszinierende Welt dieser schweren Atomkerne vorstellen! Keine Angst vor Radioaktivität! Der Autor beschreibt die gegenwärtige Lage und gibt einen Ausblick in die Zukunft.
Radioastronomie: Grundlagen, Technik und Beobachtungsmöglichkeiten kleiner Radioteleskope (essentials)
by Thomas LauterbachDie Funktechnik ermöglicht die Ausweitung der astronomischen Beobachtungen über das Licht hinaus auf andere Frequenzbereiche. Dies führte zur Entdeckung zahlreicher kosmischer Radioquellen, deren physikalische Ursachen erläutert werden, ebenso die Funktionsweise eines Radioteleskops. Schon mit kleinen Radioteleskopen kann die Strahlung der Sonne und anderer Radioquellen sowie die 21-cm-Strahlung aus der Milchstraße beobachtet werden. Durch Interferometrie kann eine wesentlich höhere Auflösung als mit einzelnen Radioteleskopen erzielt werden. Dadurch kann die radioastronomische Forschung zu vielen aktuellen Fragen der Astronomie, Kosmologie und Physik beitragen.
Radiobiology and Environmental Security
by Carmel E Mothersill Colin B. Seymour Victoria KorogodinaThis volume - like the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on which it is based - addresses the fundamental science that contributes to our understanding of the potential risks from ecological terrorism, i.e. dirty bombs, atomic explosions, intentional release of radionuclides into water or air. Both effects on human health (DNA and systemic effects) and on ecosystems are detailed, with particular focus on environmentally relevant low-dose ranges. The state-of-the-art contributions to the book are authored by leading experts; they tackle the relevant questions from the perspectives of radiation genetics, radiobiology, radioecology, radiation epidemiology and risk assessment.
Radiobiology and Radiation Hormesis
by Charles L. SandersThis book presents new information on radiobiology that more clearly refutes the linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption and supports radiation hormesis. Fresh light is cast on the mechanisms of radiation hormesis and the potential benefits of low-dose ionizing radiation in preventing and treating a wide variety of inflammatory and proliferative diseases. It is proposed that these effects may derive from cellular communication via electromagnetic waves directed by DNA, with each cell acting as a quantum computer. Readers will also find close analysis of the negative impacts of radiophobia on many aspects of modern life, including attitudes to imaging technologies, licensing of nuclear power reactors, and preparedness for survival of nuclear war. The book will be of interest to researchers and scientists in radiobiology, radiation protection, health physics, medical physics, and radiology. Specifically, it will provide medical physicians, radiation oncologists, radiation epidemiologists, gerontologists, cell biologists, toxicologists, and nuclear engineers with a wide range of interesting facts and enlightening novel perspectives.
Radiobiology of Glioblastoma
by Luigi Pirtoli Giovanni Luca Gravina Antonio GiordanoThis text properly considers the most recent and relevant advances in molecular RB of GB, taking into account the related topics of pathobiology, and underscores the most promising translational perspectives from the preclinical to the clinical domain. Section I (From Bedside to Bench) discusses conditions associated with RT resistance of GB and the consequent RB hints, technology improvements intended to overcome RT-resistance of GB, mathematical modeling of RB parameters from clinical studies, the present impact of molecular prognostic factors in therapy of GB, and RT tolerance of normal brain. Section II (Preclinical Research and Pathobiology Topics) presents the traditional and mechanistic/molecular approaches to RB of GB, genetic and epigenetic studies on GB, issues of cell-death pathways, stem-like cells, invasiveness, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, mi-RNA manipulations, and nanoparticle technology. Section III (Translational Perspectives) presents RB issues related to molecular profiling and classification of GB as frames of reference for clinical studies, translational perspectives of gene therapy, evolving protocols based on pre-clinical data and large data-bases and ontologic models. Radiobiology of Glioblastoma: Recent Advances and Related Pathobiology will be of great value to pathologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists as well as basic researchers and clinical investigators.
Radiobiology Textbook
by Sarah BaatoutThis open access textbook focuses on the various aspects of radiobiology. The goal of radiobiological research is to better understand the effects of radiation exposure at the cellular and molecular levels in order to determine the impact on health. This book offers a unique perspective, by covering not only radiation biology but also radiation physics, radiation oncology, radiotherapy, radiochemistry, radiopharmacy, nuclear medicine, space radiation biology & physics, environmental and human radiation protection, nuclear emergency planning, molecular biology and bioinformatics, as well as the ethical, legal and social considerations related to radiobiology. This range of disciplines contributes to making radiobiology a broad and rather complex topic. This textbook is intended to provide a solid foundation to those interested in the basics and practice of radiobiological science. It is a learning resource, meeting the needs of students, scientists and medical staff with an interest in this rapidly evolving discipline, as well as a teaching tool, with accompanying teaching material to help educators.
Radiocarbon and Climate Change
by Edward A. G. Schuur Ellen R. M. Druffel Susan E. TrumboreThis book is a useful guide for researchers in ecology and earth science interested in the use of accelerator mass spectrometry technology. The development of research in radiocarbon measurements offers an opportunity to address the human impact on global carbon cycling and climate change. Presenting radiocarbon theory, history, applications, and analytical techniques in one volume builds a broad outline of the field of radiocarbon and its emergent role in defining changes in the global carbon cycle and links to climate change. Each chapter presents both classic and cutting-edge studies from different disciplines involving radiocarbon and carbon cycling. The book also includes a chapter on the history and discovery of radiocarbon, and advances in radiocarbon measurement techniques and radiocarbon theory. Understanding human alteration of the global carbon cycle and the link between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and climate remains one of the foremost environmental problems at the interface of ecology and earth system science. Many people are familiar with the terms 'global warming' and 'climate change', but fewer are able to articulate the science that support these hypotheses. This book addresses general questions such as: what is the link between the carbon cycle and climate change; what is the current evidence for the fate of carbon dioxide added by human activities to the atmosphere, and what has caused past changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide? How can the radiocarbon and stable isotopes of carbon combined with other tools be used for quantifying the human impact on the global carbon cycle?
Radiocesium Dynamics in a Japanese Forest Ecosystem: Initial Stage of Contamination After the Incident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
by Chisato Takenaka Naoki Hijii Nobuhiro Kaneko Tatsuhiro OhkuboThis book investigates radiocesium movement in all major components of forest ecosystems, e.g. the plants, animals, insects, microorganisms, and soils, during the initial stage of contamination after the incident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Most of the work was conducted at a common research site.More specifically, the book examines the contribution of surface uptake by trees in the dynamics of radiocesium during the initial contamination stage; the movement of radiocesium in the form of small organic fragments that are essential to the radiocesium dynamics in forest ecosystems; and the upward movement of radiocesium due to microorganism activity, which promotes the effective decontamination of the forest floor. Lastly, it explains why spiders could be a valuable indicator of the contamination level in forest ecosystems.
Radiochemical Syntheses, Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography
by Michael R. Kilbourn Peter J. Scott Brian G. HockleyThe ultimate reference guide to the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticalsThe Radiochemical Syntheses series provides scientists and professionals with a comprehensive reference to proven synthetic methods for radiochemical reactions, along with step-by-step guidance on how to replicate these syntheses in the laboratory.Volume 1 in the series focuses on the synthesis and purification of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical use today. It brings together in one complete, self-contained volume a collection of monographs containing a wealth of practical information from across the literature, demonstrating in meticulous detail how to prepare radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, especially in tumor studies, cardiology, and neuroscience.Readers have key experimental details culled from the literature at their fingertips, greatly simplifying the process of qualifying a site for the clinical production of new radiopharmaceuticals.
Radiochromic Film: Role and Applications in Radiation Dosimetry (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by Indra J. DasThis book provides a first authoritative text on radiochromic film, covering the basic principles, technology advances, practical methods, and applications. It focuses on practical uses of radiochromic film in radiation dosimetry for diagnostic x-rays, brachytherapy, radiosurgery, external beam therapies (photon, electron, protons), stereotactic body radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and other emerging radiation technologies. <P><P>The expert authors address basic concepts, advantages, and the main applications including kilovoltage, brachytherapy, megavoltage, electron beam, proton beam, skin dose, in vivo dosimetry, postal and clinical trial dosimetry. The final chapters discuss the state of the art in microbeam, synchrotron radiation, and ultraviolet radiation dosimetry.