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Role of Science and Technology for Sustainable Future: Volume 2- Applied Sciences and Technologies
by Ranbir Chander SobtiThis book discusses the role of science and technology in forging a sustainable and harmonious world. It delves into new horizons in healthcare, food security, climate change, energy, sustainable transportation, role of computational and data sciences in sustainability, and mental health and aims to cultivate innovative solutions that benefit both the planet and its inhabitants. The second volume is inspired by a unified objective: preserving our planet, fostering universal well-being, and envisioning a world where collective efforts drive positive change through an exploration of conventional and emerging technologies. The book chapters enrich the global discourse on sustainability, steering us toward a resilient and healthier future.With every chapter authored by dedicated experts, this book stands as a testament to the commitment to a better world and serves as a great resource for researchers, environmentalists, and students.
Role of Seismic Testing Facilities in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering
by Michael N. Fardis Zoran T. RakicevicNowadays research in earthquake engineering is mainly experimental and in large-scale; advanced computations are integrated with large-scale experiments, to complement them and extend their scope, even by coupling two different but simultaneous tests. Earthquake engineering cannot give answers by testing and qualifying few, small typical components or single large prototypes. Besides, the large diversity of Civil Engineering structures does not allow drawing conclusions from only a few tests; structures are large and their seismic response and performance cannot be meaningfully tested in an ordinary lab or in the field. So, seismic testing facilities should be much larger than in other scientific fields; their staff has to be resourceful, devising intelligent ways to carry out simultaneously different tests and advanced computations. To better serve such a mission European testing facilities and researchers in earthquake engineering have shared their resources and activities in the framework of the European project SERIES, combining their research and jointly developing advanced testing and instrumentation techniques that maximize testing capabilities and increase the value of the tests. This volume presents the first outcomes of the SERIES and its contribution towards Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, i.e., to the most important development in Earthquake Engineering of the past three decades. The concept and the methodologies for performance-based earthquake engineering have now matured. However, they are based mainly on analytical/numerical research; large-scale seismic testing has entered the stage recently. The SERIES Workshop in Ohrid (MK) in Sept. 2010 pooled together the largest European seismic testing facilities, Europe's best experts in experimental earthquake engineering and select experts from the USA, to present recent research achievements and to address future developments. Audience: This volume will be of interest to researchers and advanced practitioners in structural earthquake engineering, geotechnical earthquake engineering, engineering seismology, and experimental dynamics, including seismic qualification.
Role of Signaling Pathways in Brain Tumorigenesis
by Mehdi Hayat ShahiThis book provides acomprehensive overview of cell signalling pathways and morphogens in the genesis of brain tumours. It also explains the role of brain tumour stem cells in the brain tumour progression. It also elucidates the novel early biomarkers that can be utilized to diagnose brain tumours. It presents the basic developmental pathways and morphogens, including retinoic acid and TGF-b that promote brain tumorigenesis. The chapters illustrate the role of stem cells and stem cells mediated cell signalling pathways including, Sonic hedgehog, Notch, Wnt in the brain tumour growth. The chapters also emphasize the role of transcription factors, mainlyNanog, Sox, BMI1, HIF1 and Pax6 in the brain tumouriogensis. It highlights the role of NF-kb, Myc and neurotrophins in the brain tumour development. Finally, the book summarizes the potential early therapeutic targets and targeted drug discovery for brain tumours.
Role of Transcription Factors in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
by Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju Pallaval Veera BramhachariThis book illustrates the importance of transcription factors in gastrointestinal cancer progression and metastasis with regard to understanding the mechanism and target definition in drug discovery. Further, it describes the complex issues associated with cancer cell growth and metastasis. The respective chapters provide detailed information on the various types of transcription factors (NF-kB, HIF-1, STAT-3, E2F1, and Sp1) and gastric-associated cancers (esophagus, stomach, colorectal, liver and pancreatic cancers) in connection with specific functional studies like cell cycle, angiogenesis, migration, invasion and apoptosis. These transcription factors control the expression of several signaling pathways involved in tumor growth, making them ideal targets for gastrointestinal cancer therapy. In closing, the book provides comprehensive descriptions of the major challenges associated with gastrointestinal cancer therapy.
Role of Tyrosine Kinases in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
by Ganji Purnachandra NagarajuThe aim of this book is to provide comprehensive overview of the role of different tyrosine kinases in the progression and metastasis of various cancers of the gastrointestinal tract such as esophagus, liver, pancreas, stomach, and colorectal. Activation of various signaling pathways and tyrosine kinases are responsible for resistance to chemo and radiotherapy in these gastrointestinal malignancies. Targeting these tyrosine kinases, which regulate the activities of survival pathways in growth, and metastasis is a rational strategy in gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Each chapter embedded in this book covers information pertaining to a specific tyrosine kinase and its impact on various malignancies, which is not only significant for basic and clinical research investigations but will also be valued by students at advanced undergraduate to postgraduate levels.
Role of the Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease (Physiology in Health and Disease)
by Jeppe Praetorius Bonnie Blazer-Yost Helle DamkierThis book highlights the importance of the choroid plexus, which forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and is the site of the major production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The authors show that this barrier is crucial for maintaining important compositional differences between the blood plasma and the CSF. The choroid plexus epithelial cells also prevent the spread of infectious agents and other blood-borne entities to the brain tissue. Chapter topics range from the production of CSF by electrolyte regulation in the choroid plexus, to details on the selectively transporting nature of this barrier. Further, the authors elaborate on the important roles of CSF in sustaining brain health by providing hydration, solutes, and nutrients to the brain tissue. Readers will also learn how CSF circulates signaling molecules within the compartments of the brain and removes waste products from the brain tissue. Elucidating the regulation of these processes in the choroid plexus is not only important for the readers’ understanding of normal brain development and function, but is also crucial for resolving a variety of cerebral challenges that lead to brain edema, as well as developing treatments for diseases. The book discusses disease models like hydrocephalus, sleep disorders, and age-related dementia. Its comprehensive coverage makes this volume a valuable resource for researchers in cell and neurophysiology, as well as graduate students of the neurosciences.
Roles of Copper in Lipid Metabolism
by Kai Y. LeiThe aim of this book is to provide a reference for researchers in the field of trace mineral and lipid metabolism. It addresses the influence of dietary copper status on cholesterol, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein metabolism as well as lipoprotein receptor characteristics. This fascinating volume critically reviews alterations in long chain fatty acid, prostaglandin and cardiac lipid metabolism, as well as arterial morphology induced by copper deficiency. Furthermore, it presents the theoretical relationship plus the anatomical, chemical and physiological similarities between copper deficiency and ischemic heart disease. This reading is indispensable for investigators interested in the role of copper in lipid metabolism.
Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Organ Development: Prenatal Interdependence among Cells, Tissues, and Organs (Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology #236)
by Boris KablarMuscle is the only tissue of the four basic types that make the body that can be completely ablated while allowing fetal survival. This book is a result of 25 years of research employing engineered mouse fetuses with no skeletal muscle, a model system that provides a unique opportunity to study body development holistically. A systematic anatomical analysis of such fetuses have shown that several anatomical locations are affected by the absence of the skeletal muscle. This book contains a summarized description of affected anatomical locations such as the alveolar lung epithelium, motor neurons and giant pyramidal cells in the CNS, cholinergic amacrine cells of the retina, and type I hair cells of the crista ampullaris. Several specific bioinformatics and systems biology interventions are also described. The book provides an update on skeletal muscle development, musculoskeletal developmental interactions, trophic relationships between the skeletal muscle and the motor neurons, mechanics of lung development, functional development of two special senses, eye and ear, and finally, skeletal muscle-related reasons for human fetal akinesia and its consequences. This volume in the Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology series stresses the need to think about the developing body and its organs in terms of their mutual interdependence, and to think about diseases, such as pulmonary hypoplasia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cleft palate, in terms of that interdependence. Directed to developmental biologists, neuroscientists, tissue engineers and health professionals, this book exposes the ideas of interorgan communication and interdependence in homeostasis and disease.
Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA)
by Vadim V. DemidovThis book covers the latest developments in rolling circle amplification (RCA) technology with applications in clinical diagnostic tests and molecular medicine. Topics covered include new enzymes useful in RCA, techniques involving RCA for enhanced signal amplification, novel RCA diagnostics, sensors for expediting RCA detection, and prospective RCA-based therapeutics. This is a valuable book for university professors and students in the field of biomedical engineering and biomolecular pharmacology as well as R&D managers of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies. Specifically, this book: Reviews prospective RCA-based therapeutics, including RCA-derived DNA nanoparticles that strongly bind to cancer cells Expands readers' understanding of sensor systems for expediting detection of RCA products by using probe-tagged magnetic nanobeads Maximizes reader insights into novel RCA diagnostics, such as PNA openers-assisted RCA for detection of single target cells and in situ RCA diagnosis of cancer cells and malignant tissues Presents innovative methods for quasi-exponential enhancement of RCA-generated signals, such as nicking enzyme-assisted cascade RCA and RCA coupled with loop-mediated amplification
Rolling of Advanced High Strength Steels: Theory, Simulation and Practice
by Jingwei Zhao Zhengyi JiangAdvanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focuses on the theory, simulation and practice of the rolling of AHSSs: The book introduces the history, types and advances of AHSSs and their processes; proposes new theory that is applicable to the rolling of AHSSs, presents mathematical and numerical modelling of AHSSs in rolling; covers thermomechanical processing technologies of AHSSs; provides case studies on the rolling practice of the most popular AHSSs and includes other rolling-related technologies of AHSSs. The book will be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed at AHSSs rolling technologies, and will be a scientific and valuable literature for the metallurgists, engineers, materials scientists, academics and graduate students who are studying and working with AHSSs and their rolling technologies worldwide.
Romancing the Birds and Dinosaurs: Forays in Postmodern Paleontology
by Alan FeducciaBirds and dinosaurs have dominated human interest for decades. In this well-supported revolutionary view of the field, critical questions are explored with credible evidence and biological thought. Are birds derived directly from advanced dinosaurs, or ar
Romania's Abandoned Children: Deprivation, Brain Development, and the Struggle for Recovery
by Charles A. Nelson Nathan A. Fox Charles H. ZeanahThis &“landmark study of child development&” examines the devastating effects of early childhood institutionalization (Avshalom Caspi, Duke University). In 1989, the fall of Romania's Ceausescu regime left approximately 170,000 children in impoverished institutions across the country. This crisis prompted the most comprehensive study to date on the effects of institutionalization on a child&’s brain development, behavior, and psychological functioning. Romania's Abandoned Children documents this landmark study, and the devastating toll paid by children who are deprived of responsive care, social interaction, stimulation, and psychological comfort. Launched in 2000, the Bucharest Early Intervention Project was a rigorously controlled investigation of foster care as an alternative to institutionalization. Examining a total of 136 abandoned infants and toddlers, researchers randomly assigned half of them to foster care, while the other half stayed in Romanian institutions. Over a twelve-year span, both groups were assessed for physical growth, cognitive functioning, brain development, and social behavior. Data from a third group of children raised by their birth families were collected for comparison. The study found that the institutionalized children were severely impaired, but that the sooner they were placed into foster care, the better their recovery. Combining scientific, historical, and personal narratives in a gripping, often heartbreaking, account, Romania's Abandoned Children highlights the need to help the millions of parentless children living in institutions throughout the world.
Romanian Studies in Philosophy of Science
by Gabriel Sandu Ilie Pȃrvu Iulian D. ToaderThis book presents a collection of studies by Romanian philosophers, addressing foundational issues currently debated in contemporary philosophy of science. It offers a historical survey of the tradition of scientific philosophy in Romania. It examines some problems in the foundations of logic, mathematics, linguistics, the natural and social sciences. Among the more specific topics, it discusses scientific explanation, models, and mechanisms, as well as memory, artifacts, and rules of research. The book is useful to those interested in the philosophy of real science, but also to those interested in Romanian philosophy.
Romantic Biology, 1890–1945 (History and Philosophy of Biology #1)
by Maurizio EspositoIn this book, Esposito presents a historiography of organicist and holistic thought through an examination of the work of leading biologists from Britain and America. He shows how this work relates to earlier Romantic tradition and sets it within the wider context of the history and philosophy of the life sciences.
Romanticism and the Forms of Ruin: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and the Modalities of Fragmentation
by Thomas McfarlandDespite their hopeful aspirations to wholeness in life and spirit, Thomas McFarland contends, the Romantics were ruins amidst ruins," fragments of human existence in a disintegrating world. Focusing on Wordsworth and Coleridge, Professor McFarland shows how this was true not only for each of these Romantics in particular but also for Romanticism in general. Originally published in 1981.
Romanticism, Hellenism, and the Philosophy of Nature
by William S. DavisThis book investigates intersections between the philosophy of nature and Hellenism in British and German Romanticism, focusing primarily on five central literary/philosophical figures: Friedrich Schelling, Friedrich Hölderlin, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Percy Shelley, and Lord Byron. Near the end of the eighteenth century, poets and thinkers reinvented Greece as a site of aesthetic and ontological wholeness, a move that corresponded with a refiguring of nature as a dynamically interconnected web in which each part is linked to the living whole. This vision of a vibrant materiality that allows us to become “one with all that lives,” along with a Romantic version of Hellenism that wished to reassemble the broken fragments of an imaginary Greece as both site and symbol of this all-unity, functioned as a two-pronged response to subjective anxiety that arose in the wake of Kant and Fichte. The result is a form of resistance to an idealism that appeared to leave little room for a world of beauty, love, and nature beyond the self.
Romanticism, Liberal Imperialism, and Technology in Early British India: “The all-changing power of steam”
by Daniel E. WhiteConsidering metropolitan and colonial cultural production as a “unitary field of analysis,” this book shows how tensions in the 1830s between utilitarian and Romantic perspectives on steam power marked meaningful divisions within the pervasive liberal imperialism of the period and generated divergent speculative fantasies, set in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, about the future of Indian nationalism. Poetry and fiction in Britain and Bengal engage with a Romantic strain of thought and sentiment according to which steam technology represents an anti-utilitarian humanization of nature. Within and against that frame and in uneven and different ways, writers in British India map a constellation of liberal values onto their hopes and fears concerning a future powered by steam.
Romantics and the Era of Early Flight
by John GilroyThis book explores the significance of flight to Romantic literature. Although the Romantic movement and the age of ballooning coincided, there has been a curious and long-time tendency to forget that flight was not impossible during this period. This study details the importance of this new technology to Romantic authors, primarily English Romantic poets. It combines accounts of the exploits and experiences of early balloonists with references to Romantic texts, using ballooning lore to illuminate a range of Romantic writings. The balloonists are seen as not just supplying these writers with a new code of metaphors, but as colleagues engaged in similarly imaginative enterprises. The book uncovers an ‘aerial imagination’ shared by a large number of writers in the Romantic period that has its origins in the balloon adventures of the 1780s and following two decades. It will appeal to scholars and students of Romantic cultural history, as well as those interested in Romantic poetry and the history of early aeronautics.
Ronald E. Goldstein's Esthetics in Dentistry
by Ronald E. Goldstein Stephen J. Chu Ernesto A. Lee Christian F.J. StappertRonald E. Goldstein’s Esthetics in Dentistry, Third Edition provides a thoroughly updated and expanded revision to the definitive reference to all aspects of esthetic and cosmetic dentistry, from principles and treatments to specific challenges and complications. Provides a current, comprehensive examination of all aspects of esthetic and cosmetic dentistry Presents 23 new chapters from international experts in the field and complete updates to existing chapters Offers more than 3,700 high-quality photographs and illustrations Adds clinical case studies and treatment algorithms for increased clinical relevance Emphasizes clinical relevance, with all information thoroughly rooted in the scientific evidence
Ronald Reagan and the Space Frontier (Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology)
by John M. LogsdonWhen Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980, limits on NASA funding and the lack of direction under the Nixon and Carter administrations had left the U.S. space program at a crossroads. In contrast to his predecessors, Reagan saw outer space as humanity’s final frontier and as an opportunity for global leadership. His optimism and belief in American exceptionalism guided a decade of U.S. activities in space, including bringing the space shuttle into operation, dealing with the 1986 Challenger accident and its aftermath, committing to a permanently crewed space station, encouraging private sector space efforts, and fostering international space partnerships with both U.S. allies and with the Soviet Union. Drawing from a trove of declassified primary source materials and oral history interviews, John M. Logsdon provides the first comprehensive account of Reagan’s civilian and commercial space policies during his eight years in the White House. Even as a fiscal conservative who was hesitant to increase NASA’s budget, Reagan’s enthusiasm for the space program made him perhaps the most pro-space president in American history.
Roof Water Disaster in Coal Mining in Ecologically Fragile Mining Areas: Formation Mechanism and Prevention and Control Measures (Professional Practice in Earth Sciences)
by Yifan Zeng Zhenzhong Pang Qiang Wu Hui Qing Lian Xin DuThis book targets to earth scientists and engineers, in particular students, researchers, managers, and practitioners, who are interested in mining engineering, environmental engineering, green coal mining, sustainable water resource management, and effective measures to balance mine safety and ecological conservation. In the disciplines of mine hydrogeology and mining engineering, there have always been difficulties in the theoretical interpretation of the changes in the physical and hydraulic characteristics of water resisting strata during coal seam mining. In the past 10 years, the authors studied the relevant contents by using the methods of physical simulation, numerical simulation, field test and mining practice of similar materials, so as to understand the internal relationship between the stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics of the mining area and the occurrence mechanism of mine water disaster. On the premise of analyzing and studying the stratigraphic sedimentary environment in the mining area in detail, it is of great significance for the realization of "coal water" dual resource mining in the mining area to divide the types of roof water disaster in the mining area and study the formation mechanism of mine water disaster caused by different rock formation combinations and mining methods.
Room Acoustical Fields
by Fridolin MechelThis book presents the theory of room acoustical fields and revises the Mirror Source Methods for practical computational use, emphasizing the wave character of acoustical fields. The presented higher methods include the concepts of "Mirror Point Sources" and "Corner sources which allow for an excellent approximation of complex room geometries and even equipped rooms. In contrast to classical description, this book extends the theory of sound fields describing them by their complex sound pressure and the particle velocity. This approach enables accurate descriptions of interference and absorption phenomena.
Room Temperature Photon Detectors
by Antoni Rogalski Weida Hu Piotr MartyniukRoom Temperature Photon Detectors provides an overview of the performance of emerging new generation of room temperature photodetectors generally called low-dimensional solid (LDS) photodetectors among which the most important are two-dimensional (2D) materials, perovskites, and quantum dots (QDs)/nanowires (NWs) operating in a wide spectral range from the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), far infrared (FIR) to terahertz (THz). The LDS reported performance at room temperature is even better than that presented for standard commercial photodetectors.This book describes the peculiarities of the physical properties of LDS materials and their impact on the photodetectors’ performance. It also undertakes a comprehensive analysis of these performances when confronted with the standard photodetectors dominating the global market.Currently, intensive efforts are being made to reduce the cost of imaging systems and, in particular in the infrared (IR) range, to increase their operating temperature by reducing size, weight and power consumption (SWaP). This raises the question of whether the emergence of a new generation of LDS photodetectors will result in their rapid commercialization and serious competition for the standardized bulk photodetectors. This book attempts to answer those issues/questions.Features• Defines the importance of LDS photodetectors in the broad group of standard UV, VIS, IR, and THz photodetectors, and includes their advantages/disadvantages• Covers different types of photodetectors, including the relevant aspects of theory, types of materials, their physical properties, and detector fabrication• Provides invaluable resource for graduate students in physics and engineering, as well as a guide for those already working with sensors and systems, thermal imaging, remote sensing, optical telecommunications, and light detection.
Root Biology: Basic And Applied Concepts (Soil Biology Ser. #52)
by Ajit Varma Ram Prasad Bhoopander GiriThe book ‘Root Biology’ written by experts in the field, covers latest research on cellular, genetic, physiological and ecological developmental facets of root growth as well as the interaction of root with an array of microbes whether for the establishment of symbiosis, increasing plant growth or protecting plant from pathogens/attackers. Plant roots provide an excellent model to study physiological, developmental and metabolic processes at a system level. Root system architecture - an excellent creation of nature, is closely interconnected with the availability of soil nutrients. Several strategies including biotechnological interventions are gaining interest and importance for sustainable food production and enhanced resource acquisition. Such strategies have largely focused on root traits for efficient utilization of soil resources. The biotechnological application of root biology is expected to promote the production of food while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems.With a fortune of information on technical and experimental aspects useful in the laboratory, this extensive book is a valuable resource for researchers, academician and students in the broad field of microbiology, plant and fungal biology.
Root Cause Failure Analysis: A Guide to Improve Plant Reliability
by Trinath SahooRoot Cause Failure Analysis Provides the knowledge and failure analysis skills necessary for preventing and investigating process equipment failuresProcess equipment and piping systems are essential for plant availability and performance. Regularly exposed to hazardous service conditions and damage mechanisms, these critical plant assets can result in major failures if not effectively monitored and assessed—potentially causing serious injuries and significant business losses. When used proactively, Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) helps reliability engineers inspect the process equipment and piping system before any abnormal conditions occur. RCFA is equally important after a failure happens: it determines the impact of a failure, helps control the resultant damage, and identifies the steps for preventing future problems.Root Cause Failure Analysis: A Guide to Improve Plant Reliability offers readers clear understanding of degradation mechanisms of process equipment and the concepts needed to perform industrial RCFA investigations. This comprehensive resource describes the methodology of RCFA and provides multiple techniques and industry practices for identifying, predicting, and evaluating equipment failures. Divided into two parts, the text first introduces Root Cause Analysis, explains the failure analysis process, and discusses the management of both human and latent error. The second part focuses on failure analysis of various components such as bolted joints, mechanical seals, steam traps, gearboxes, bearings, couplings, pumps, and compressors. This authoritative volume:Illustrates how failures are associated with part integrity, a complete system, or the execution of an engineering processDescribes how proper design, operation, and maintenance of the equipment help to enhance their reliabilityCovers analysis techniques and industry practices including 5-Why RCFA, fault tree analysis, Pareto charts, and Ishikawa diagramsFeatures a detailed case study of process plant machinery and a chapter on proactive measures for avoiding failuresBridging the gap between engineering education and practical application, Root Cause Failure Analysis: A Guide to Improve Plant Reliability is an important reference and guide for industrial professionals, including process plant engineers, planning managers, operation and maintenance engineers, process designers, chemical engineers, and instrument engineers. It is also a valuable text for researchers, instructors, and students in relevant areas of engineering and science.