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Reclamation of Arid Lands (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Majid Ghorbani Ehsan Zandi Esfahan Fatemeh Panahi Ali Tavili Mohammad JafariThis book provides an overview of arid and semi-arid lands conditions, their general characteristics, methods of management, conservation, exploitation and reclamation. It also focuses on how to utilize the potential of arid lands with the minimum manipulation and alteration. Arid and semi-arid areas represent a major part of natural ecosystems not only in Iran, but around the world, and mismanagement and inappropriate exploitation of these areas may lead to further gradual degradation. As such, an understanding of the characteristics of these areas is vital if they are to be conserved and reclaimed.
Recoding: Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression
by Raymond F. Gesteland John F. AtkinsThe genetic code is dynamic - it, or its readout, can be specifically changed by mRNA signals that modify the behavior of on-board ribosomes. Many viruses use recoding to maximize utilization of information in small genomes, and probably all organisms use recoding in at least some genes for expanding the regulatory repertoire. The volume will detail specific recoding examples to understand the mechanisms and the mRNA signals. It will continue to detail the biochemical and genetic approaches to identify and study the cellular factors involved in recoding. The signals in mRNA that dictate recoding often include complex folded structures of the RNA, which we are studying by a combination of microbiology, genetics, biochemical and NMR approaches.
Recoding America: Why Government Is Failing in the Digital Age and How We Can Do Better
by Jennifer PahlkaLearn more about Jennifer Pahlka's work at recodingamerica.us. “The book I wish every policymaker would read.”—Ezra Klein, The New York TimesA bold call to reexamine how our government operates—and sometimes fails to—from President Obama’s former deputy chief technology officer and the founder of Code for AmericaJust when we most need our government to work—to decarbonize our infrastructure and economy, to help the vulnerable through a pandemic, to defend ourselves against global threats—it is faltering. Government at all levels has limped into the digital age, offering online services that can feel even more cumbersome than the paperwork that preceded them and widening the gap between the policy outcomes we intend and what we get.But it’s not more money or more tech we need. Government is hamstrung by a rigid, industrial-era culture, in which elites dictate policy from on high, disconnected from and too often disdainful of the details of implementation. Lofty goals morph unrecognizably as they cascade through a complex hierarchy. But there is an approach taking hold that keeps pace with today’s world and reclaims government for the people it is supposed to serve. Jennifer Pahlka shows why we must stop trying to move the government we have today onto new technology and instead consider what it would mean to truly recode American government.
Recognising and Responding to Animal Emotion in a Shared World
by Vicki HuttonHow is it that depending on the setting, the same cat can be perceived as a homeless annoyance, a potential research subject or a thinking and feeling family member? The answer is bound up in our perception of non-human animals’ capacity to experience emotions, and this book draws on contemporary evidence-based research, observations, interviews and anecdotal case scenarios to explore the growing knowledge base around animal emotion. Acknowledging that animals can experience feelings directly affects the way that they are perceived and treated in many settings, and the author explores the implications when humans apply – or ignore – this knowledge selectively between species and within species. This information is presented within the unique context of a proposed hierarchy of perceived non-human animals' emotional abilities (often based on human interpretation of the animal’s emotional capacity), with examples of how this manifests at an emotional, spiritual and moral level. Implications for specific groups living with, caring for or working with non-human animals are examined, making the book of particular interest to those working, studying or researching in the veterinary professions; animal ethics, law and welfare; and zoology, biology and animal science. This book will also be fascinating reading for anyone interested in simply learning more about the animals with whom we share this planet. For some readers, it will validate the reciprocal emotional bond they feel for living creatures. For others, it will raise questions about the moral treatment of sentient non-human beings, breaking down the human protective barrier of cognitive dissonance and activating a cycle of change.
Recognition Receptors in Biosensors
by Mohammed ZourobThis book will cover most of the up-to-date recognition receptors technologies used in biosensors. Since this book is written by the world's most renowned and learned scientists in their own area of expertise, we believe that the calibre of the finished product will be as renowned as their reputation. To the best of the editor and author's knowledge this book is a first in this field. We will aim to cover this increasingly hot area of research especially in relation to the new biosensing techniques. Most of the universities are teaching the recognition receptors topics in the Biosensors, separation and Microsystems courses. However, there is no single reference book that covers this interesting area. So the aim of this book is to be a textbook for the undergraduate and graduate student upwards, and an important reference for the professionals working in different fields including biomedical, natural sciences, physical sciences, and nanotechnology, m-TAS, veterinary, food QA, bioterrorism and security as well as health surveillance. The book will cover the different recognition receptors used up-to-date in the different sensing transducer and microarrays platforms. It will cover the background, theory behind each technology, state-of-the-art review for all the new technologies used in biosensing in detail. Strategies and future prospectus are suggested at the end of each chapter for developing future technologies to achieving a better sensitivity, stability and swifter biosensing detection.
Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance
by CcpsAn essential guide for recognizing and responding to normalization of deviance to help organizations improve their process safety performance This book provides an introduction and offers approaches for finding and addressing normalization of deviation both in operational and organizational activities. It addresses the initial and long-term effects of normalization of deviations as seen in reduced efficiencies, reduced product quality, extended batch run time, and near miss process safety incidents which can lead to loss of containment of hazardous materials and energies. Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance addresses how to recognize and respond to the normalization of deviation that can, and almost certainly will, occur in any ongoing operations that involves humans. The book’s primary focus is on reducing the incidence of normalization of deviation and the associated increased risk exposure due to its effects when operating chemical or petrochemical manufacturing facilities. It contains an introduction to the concept and offers approaches for finding and addressing normalization of deviation when it presents itself in both operational and organizational activities. Contains guidance to assist facilities in recognizing and addressing the phenomenon of normalization of deviation Provides techniques for addressing normalized deviations and techniques to eliminate waste in all manufacturing processes Describes methods for identifying normalized deviation as well as where to find deviations Includes techniques to reduce operational normalization of deviance and to reduce organizational normalization of deviance Aimed at process safety professionals and consultants applying process safety risk reduction efforts in manufacturing areas, Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance is an important book for any organization that has seen its process safety performance deteriorate over time.
Recognizing Catastropic Incident Warning Signs
by CcpsThis book provides guidance on characterizing, recognizing, and responding to warning signs to help avoid process incidents and injuries before they occur. The guidance can be used by both process safety management (PSM) professionals in evaluating their processes and PSM systems as well as for operators who are often the frontline defense against process incidents. Warning signs may consist of process deviations or upsets, instrumentation warnings or alarms, past operating history and incidents, observable problems such as corrosion or unusual odors, audit results indicating procedures are not being followed, or a number of other indicators. Filled with photos and practical tips, this book will turn anyone in a process plant into a hazard lookout and will help prevent potential incidents before they turn into catastrophic events.
Recombinant and In Vitro RNA Synthesis
by Graeme L. ConnThe discovery of catalytic RNAs in the mid-1980s marked the beginning of a new era in RNA biology and an ever increasing appreciation of the diverse and critical roles played by this fascinating molecule. In Recombinant and In Vitro RNA Synthesis: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail approaches from the inception of a new RNA project to the final sample ready for analysis. These experimental protocols combine established work-horse approaches with some of the latest innovative methods for RNA synthesis and purification. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant and In Vitro RNA Synthesis: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study the fascinating world of RNA.
Recombinant DNA Principles and Methodologies
by James J. Greene; Venigalla B. RaoThis comprehensive yet balanced work emphasizes the principles and rationale underlying recombinant DNA methodology while furnishing a general understanding of the experimental protocols-suggesting flexible approaches to resolving particular molecular necessities that are easily adaptable to readers' specific applications. Features summary tables presenting at-a-glance information on practices of recombinant DNA methodologies!Recombinant DNA Principles and Methodologies discusses basic and advanced topics requisite to the employment of recombinant DNA technology, such asplasmid biology nucleic acid biochemistry restriction enzymes cloning strategies gel electrophoresis southern and northern blotting preparation of probes phage lambda biology cosmids and genome analysis cloned gene expression polymerase chain reaction conventional and automated DNA sequencing site-directed mutagenesis and more! Elucidating the material with over 2250 edifying references, equations, drawings, and photographs, this state-of-the-art resource is a valuable hands-on guide for molecular and cell biologists, biochemists, bioprocess technologists, applied and industrial microbiologists, virologists, geneticists, chemical engineers, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Recombinant DNA Products: Insulin, Interferon and Growth Hormone
by Arthur P. BollonThis book reviews advances made in recombinant DNA technology as it relates to the techniques employed, and the production and testing of potentially important products such as human interferon, insulin, and growth hormone.
Recombinant Ecology - A Hybrid Future?
by Ian D. RotherhamThis is a challenging new approach to understanding ecological systems especially in urban and urbanised areas. Synthesising current ideas and approaches the book develops an historic context to ecological fusion and recombinant or hybrid ecosystems. With massive climate change and other environmental fluxes, this volume provides insight into consequences for future ecologies. Invasive and non-native or alien species are spreading, often aggressively around the globe. However, much current thinking in ecology and nature conservation fails to accommodate the consequences of changing environmental conditions and fusion of both species and ecological communities. Whether or not conservationists accept ecological change, factors such as urbanisation and globalisation combine with climate and other changes to trigger new hybrid communities and ecologies. Embedding this approach into current ecological thinking this book presents an overview of ideas set in the exemplar case study area of the British Isles. However, the approaches, ideas and conclusions presented here will find application in ecosystem studies and in nature conservation around the world.
Recombinant Enzymes - From Basic Science to Commercialization
by Azura AmidThis edited work presents studies that clarify the basics of producing recombinant enzymes that finally lead to commercialization. It enables researchers to see what is crucial to the commercialization process, from examining the cloning method, using analytical techniques such as calculating the total protein content and enzyme activity, through considering upstream and downstream processes, to the final product. Readers will discover the importance of the cloning method as it influences the upstream and downstream processes and determines the level of success of the recombinant enzyme commercialization processes. We see that the two main factors that are particularly sensitive during the cloning process are the vector and the host. A discussion of analytical techniques is presented followed by studies on important stages during the upstream processes including the process of optimizing the media to get results and high enzyme activity. Downstream processes such as the cell disruption technique, purification and formulation of the final product are then considered. The reader is introduced to software that helps streamline recombinant enzyme production from the upstream to downstream processes, to facilitate the process of up-scaling production. This work includes a case study as tool, to guide understanding of the commercialization process. The work is written for researchers in the field and is especially suited to those who are under pressure to embark on the tough process of commercialization.
Recombinant Gene Expression
by Argelia Lorence Paulina BalbasIn this second updated edition, the editors have added critical reviews to a collection of cutting-edge protocols for gene expression in bacteria, fungi, plants, plant cells, animals, and animal cells. The review articles survey new directions in recombinant gene expression research, technique, and application, and point the way to using recombinant gene expression for metabolic engineering and the production of non-protein molecules. The readily reproducible protocols offer new host-vector systems, such as Anarctic bacteria and moderately halophytic bacteria, vectors for chromosomal editing and metabolic engineering, and information to aid in problem solving, strategy planning, and the promotion of protein folding. Recombinant Gene Expression: Reviews and Protocols, Second Edition offers investigators seeking an overview of this critically important field the understanding and the tools needed to begin producing nonprotein products and altering the central metabolic pathways of cells to enhance heterologous gene expression.
Recombinant Gene Expression Protocols
by Rocky S. TuanExpert international research workers offer the most up-to-date and comprehensive collection of techniques available for expressing one or more genes of interest. The authoritative contributors describe in depth the vectors used for expression in bacteria, yeast, viruses, nonmammalian higher eukaryotes, mammals, and plants, as well as in transgenic animals. They also provide invaluable detailed information on how to introduce the recombinant gene construct into the appropriate expression host. When combined with a companion volume by the same editor, Recombinant Proteins: Detection and Isolation Protocols, both volumes guide the research worker through the entire journey of recombinant gene expression.
Recombinant Glycoproteins: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2762)
by Steven B. BradfuteThis detailed volume explores the production and purification of glycoproteins for therapeutic use or basic research, as well as the necessary in-depth understanding of cellular and acellular systems available for these purposes, their advantages and disadvantages, and considerations for choosing the most appropriate system for the desired application. Beginning with chapters on viral-encoded glycoproteins and those found in other pathogens, the book continues by examining the production of mammalian glycoproteins, the analysis of glycoprotein content, cell-free synthesis of glycoproteins and considerations for production and purification of glycoproteins. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to the respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Glycoproteins: Methods and Protocols provides a wide range of guidelines for studying these vitally important proteins.
Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Applications
by Yoshikatsu Murooka, Tadayuki lmanakaBridging the gap between laboratory observations and industrial practices, this work presents detailed information on recombinant micro-organisms and their applications in industry and agriculture. All recombinant microbes, bacteria, yeasts and fungi are covered.
Recombinant Poxviruses
by null Matthew M. Binns null Geoffrey L. SmithRecombinant Poxviruses provides a comprehensive examination of poxviruses with an emphasis on the potential of these viruses as new vaccines. The book considers a wide range of issues involved in producing new genetically engineered live vaccines, such as efficacy, safety, stability, cost, host range, immune response, immunization route, use of multivalent vaccines, and need for revaccination. The opening chapter describes the origin of vaccinia virus, its use to eradicate smallpox, and the pathogenesis of poxvirus infections. Subsequent chapters examine the molecular biology of poxviruses, methods of constructing vaccinia virus recombinants, and applications; the use and immune responses induced by poxvirus recombinants as live vaccines; and the important issues of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus. The book's final two chapters report the progress that has been made developing avipoxviruses and parapoxviruses as candidate recombinant vaccines.Recombinant Poxviruses will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of virologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and veterinarians.
Recombinant Protease Inhibitors in Plants
by Dominique MichaudPocket-sized text provides the procedures for taking accurate vital signs. Provides an historical overview and covers such vital signs as temperature, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and level of consciousness. For nurses, residents and physicians. Wire-spiral binding.
Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1850)
by David L. HackerThis detailed volume explores advances in vector design, DNA delivery, cell cultivation, host cell engineering, and bioprocess optimization within the study of recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells. The majority of the protocols employ either Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) or human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293), the workhorses of the field, as the production host; however, the methods can be adapted to other mammalian hosts under the appropriate cell-specific conditions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and convenient, Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to aid researchers in building on our knowledge of protein structure and function and to speed the discovery of new therapeutic proteins.
Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2810)
by David L. HackerThis fully updated volume explores notable developments in the field of mammalian cell-based recombinant protein production. Beginning with methods for transient recombinant protein production, the book continues with methods for stable cell pool generation, protein production using stable clonal cell lines, as well as high-throughput screening technologies for characterizing transient cell surface protein ectodomain expression and for identifying host genes involved in protein production. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for researchers investigatingprotein structure and function and accelerating the discovery of new therapeutic proteins.
Recombinant Protein Production in Yeast (Methods in Molecular Biology #1923)
by Brigitte Gasser Diethard MattanovichThis volume provides an overview of the main yeast production platforms currently used and future yeast cell factories for recombinant protein production. Chapters detail approaches of genetic and metabolic engineering, co-factor containing proteins and virus-like particles, glycoproteins, and post-translational modifications of proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Recombinant Protein Production in Yeast: Methods and Protocols aims to provide state of the art background and methods for protein producing yeast platforms, as well as case studies for special applications.
Recombinant Protein Protocols
by Rocky S. TuanLeading researchers and experts present wide-ranging methods for detecting and isolating expressed gene products-recombinant proteins. These state-of-the-art techniques describe a large number of molecular tags and labels, including enzymes, ligand-binding moieties, and immunodetectable molecules. There are also methods to detect interactive proteins and gene expression-mediated alterations in cellular activity, as well as chapters on in situ detection of gene expression. When combined with a companion volume by the same editor, Recombinant Gene Expression Protocols, both volumes guide the research worker through the entire journey of recombinant gene expression.
Recombinant Proteins from Plants
by Charles Cunningham Andrew J. PorterThis authoritative collection of basic and advanced protocols permits biotechnologists to use plants rather than single cell fermentation systems for expressing recombinant proteins. The protocols provide clear step-by-step instructions for the cloning, expression, and analysis of a wide variety of recombinant proteins in plants, and for the cloning of genes into a number of different plant species. The book also describes promising experimental techniques that will become increasingly important in the future, and includes techniques for the characterization of medically important proteins expressed in plants.
Recombinant Proteins From Plants
by Veronique Gomord Loïc FayeThe past decade has seen the emergence of plants as a viable alternative to the current production systems for therapeutic proteins. In Recombinant Proteins from Plants, expert researchers explore plants and their potential for the production of increasingly safe, high quality and biologically active complex recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Chapters present several production platforms, focusing on the largest and most important group of biotechnological products in clinical trials: antibodies and their derived fragments with acknowledged potential for immunotherapy in humans. Due to the shortage of step by step protocols that can be used easily by beginners, this volume aims to fill the void with several chapters of detailed instructions for using the main plant expression systems. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Recombinant Proteins from Plants serves as an ideal guide for those new and seasoned plant scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, and molecular and cellular biologists interested in molecular pharming.
Recombinant Proteins from Plants
by Rima Menassa Igor Kolotilin Jacqueline MacdonaldThis volume provides up-to-date scientific achievements from the world's top researchers. Recombinant Proteins from Plants: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition guides readers through protocolsfor use with a variety of plant expression systems. Various aspects of production are covered including vector selection and cloning; product improvements for stability, glycosylation, and antibiotic-free selection; extraction and scale-up; and analysis of transgenic plants and their recombinant proteins. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Proteins from Plants: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal reference for those who are interested in plant molecular biology and molecular farming.