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Reflections on Roadkill between Mobility Studies and Animal Studies: Altermobilities
by Matthew CalarcoRoadkill is a recurrent but often unthought feature of modern life. Yet, consideration of the broader significance of the myriad social, ethical, and political issues related to roadkill has largely gone missing from mainstream scholarship and activism. This neglect persists even in fields such as mobility studies and animal studies that would otherwise seem to have a vested interest in the topic. This book aims to bring roadkill to the foreground of current discussions among scholars and activists in these fields in order to demonstrate that roadkill is a uniquely important site from which to understand and contest the machinations of the dominant social order. It argues that a careful examination of roadkill can help both to uncover the hidden violence of contemporary human-centered systems of mobility and to develop alternative modes of mobility for a renewed social life in common with our more-than-human kin.
Reflections On A Summer Sea
by Trevor NortonThis is the funny and touching story of a menagerie of eccentric and talented ecologists who, mainly as a hobby, spent forty summers at Lough Ine, a stunning marine lough in a corner of Ireland, where myths seep from the ground like will o' the wisps and, in one of the most unlikely projects in the history of science, were responsible for the reinvention of marine biology. Among the stars of the book are the marine creatures that occupy the lake: sea urchins that won't dine unless they wear a hat, otters that steal experiments, and worms that will only mate by order of the moon. The creatures' eccentric behaviour is matched only by that of the ecologists themselves, whose antics and interactions with their Irish neighbours are all lovingly described with Norton's keen eye for both the wonderful and the absurd. But for all its humour, the book is also a moving account of two ecologists who collaborated for forty years until their friendship came to a tragic end. The book brings together all the rich flavours of Ireland, the wonders of natural history and the magic of being a marine biologist just for the fun of it.
Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes
by Charles BabbageThe mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was one of the most original thinkers of the nineteenth century. In this influential 1830 publication, he criticises the continued failure of government to support science and scientists. In addition, he identifies the weaknesses of the then existing scientific societies, saving his most caustic remarks for the Royal Society. Asserting that the societies were operated largely by small groups of amateurs possessing only superficial interest and knowledge of science, Babbage explores the importance of the relationships between science, technology and society. Exposing the absence of a true scientific culture, he states, 'The pursuit of science does not, in England, constitute a distinct profession, as it does in other countries. ' These concerns found favour with many, influencing reforms of the Royal Society and leading to the founding of the British Association.
Reflections on the Musical Mind: An Evolutionary Perspective
by Jay SchulkinWhat's so special about music? We experience it internally, yet at the same time it is highly social. Music engages our cognitive/affective and sensory systems. We use music to communicate with one another--and even with other species--the things that we cannot express through language. Music is both ancient and ever evolving. Without music, our world is missing something essential.In Reflections on the Musical Mind, Jay Schulkin offers a social and behavioral neuroscientific explanation of why music matters. His aim is not to provide a grand, unifying theory. Instead, the book guides the reader through the relevant scientific evidence that links neuroscience, music, and meaning. Schulkin considers how music evolved in humans and birds, how music is experienced in relation to aesthetics and mathematics, the role of memory in musical expression, the role of music in child and social development, and the embodied experience of music through dance. He concludes with reflections on music and well-being. Reflections on the Musical Mind is a unique and valuable tour through the current research on the neuroscience of music.
Reflections on the Practice of Physics: James Clerk Maxwell’s Methodological Odyssey in Electromagnetism (History and Philosophy of Technoscience)
by Giora Hon Bernard R. GoldsteinThis monograph examines James Clerk Maxwell’s contributions to electromagnetism to gain insight into the practice of science by focusing on scientific methodology as applied by scientists. First and foremost, this study is concerned with practices that are reflected in scientific texts and the ways scientists frame their research. The book is therefore about means and not ends.
Reflective Boundary Conditions in SPH Fluid Dynamics Simulation: Two and Three-dimensional Validation and Applications (Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering)
by Carlos Alberto Fraga FilhoThis book presents results from applying Reflective Boundary Conditions (RBC) in particle simulations coupled with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method in two- and three-dimensional domains. The contribution of this work lies in the presentation of the state of the art regarding the application of physical and realistic boundary conditions in the continuum domain, which is an advance in the artificial computational boundary treatment carried out in most SPH simulations. By reading this work, researchers from different fields dealing with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) will be aware of the most recent results of applying the SPH method coupled with RBC, confirming its scientific validity and encouraging its implementation in other problems. This multidisciplinary work is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, software developers, and other engineering, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and related sciences professionals.
Reflektierender Faraday-Effekt-Stromsensor (essentials)
by Reiner ThieleReiner Thiele hat durch die Applikation des Faraday-Effektes zur Polarisations-Ebenen-Drehung linear polarisierten Lichts in Lichtwellenleitern, induziert durch das den stromführenden elektrischen Leiter umgebende Magnetfeld, eine Lösung gefunden, hohe elektrische Ströme ohne Eingriff in den Messgrößenkreis zu messen. Dies stellte bisher ein grundsätzliches Problem der elektrischen Energietechnik dar. Eine in Reflexion arbeitende erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung aus optischen und elektronischen Komponenten stellt dabei den gewünschten linearen Zusammenhang zwischen Messgröße und Messwert bei Elimination der störenden Doppelbrechung der Lichtwellenleiter her, die sich ansonsten vermindernd auf die Effizienz des Faraday-Effektes auswirkt.
Reflexive Polymers and Hydrogels: Understanding and Designing Fast Responsive Polymeric Systems
by Nobuhiko Yui Randall J. Mrsny Kinam ParkDespite their capacity to carry out functions that previously were unobtainable, smart polymers and hydrogels tend to have painfully slow response times. On the other hand biological systems go through phase changes at an extremely fast rate. Reflexive Polymers and Hydrogels examines the natural systems that respond almost instantaneously to environmental stimuli, and thus gives the reader an understanding of the mechanisms that govern these responses. The book includes chapters on approaches and procedures for designing a synthetic ...flash... system based on naturally occurring systems. It also deals with some of the promising potential applications of flash systems in industry.
Reforesting Landscapes
by Jane Southworth Harini NagendraThe 21st century has seen the beginnings of a great restoration effort towards the world's forests, accompanied by the emergence of an increasing literature on reforestation, regeneration and regrowth of forest cover. Yet to date, there is no volume which synthesises current knowledge on the extent, trends, patterns and drivers of reforestation. This edited volume draws together research from leading researchers to explore reforestation and forest regrowth across the world, from multiple dimensions - including ecosystem services, protected areas, social institutions, economic transitions, remediation of environmental problems, conservation and land abandonment - and at different scales. Detailing the methods and analyses used from across a wide range of disciplines, and incorporating research from North, South and Central America, Africa, Asia and Europe, this groundbreaking book provides a global overview of current trends, explores their underlying causes and proposes future forest trajectories. The first of its kind, the book will provide an invaluable reference for researchers and students involved in interdisciplinary research and working on issues relevant to the biophysical, geographic, socioeconomic and institutional processes associated with reforestation.
Reforesting the Earth: The Human Drivers of Forest Conservation, Restoration, and Expansion (Society and the Environment)
by Thomas RudelForests offer a natural solution to the climate crisis. Conserving and expanding them not only removes carbon from the atmosphere but also protects and fosters biodiversity. Yet the results of elite-driven reforestation initiatives have been disappointing, and in many world regions deforestation continues relentlessly.Thomas K. Rudel examines a wide range of conservation and reforestation efforts to shed new light on the social factors that lead to success. He details effective coalition-building strategies and organizational models that have protected, restored, and expanded forests around the world. Rudel argues that successful reforestation projects bring together diverse groups of people with a stake in the land and a commitment to collective decision making. They give voice to different economic and social interests, including small farmers, Indigenous peoples, loggers, ranchers, government officials, NGO personnel, international donors, and climate activists. These varied coalition members each make commitments to promote forests. Farmers limit the extent of lands under cultivation, governments protect land tenure for smallholders, and wealthy donors make payments for environmental protections.Timely and accessible, Reforesting the Earth offers a guide to scaling up local efforts to sequester carbon and makes a powerful case for a global reforestation movement.
Reform as Reorganization (Routledge Revivals)
by Royce Hanson Julius Margolis Melvin R. Levin William LetwinAs the fourth report in a series on the Governance of Metropolitan Areas, Reform as Reorganization explores the welfare and development of metropolitan America in terms of political reorganization. Originally published in 1974, this study reflects on metropolitan problems and governmental structure to provide some new options for policy makers and an overview of what political action can be taken. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies as well as professionals.
Reform of Metropolitan Governments (Routledge Revivals)
by Steven P. Erie Charles M. Haar John J. Kirlin Francine F. Rabinovitz Lance LiebmanOriginally published in 1972, this study aims to explore governmental interaction with people and publics interests and institutions in Metropolitan America. These papers discuss issues of how governance can be improved and the federal role in Metropolitanism as well as suggesting ways in which political reform can help. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Economics and professionals.
The Reform of the International System of Units: Philosophical, Historical and Sociological Issues (History and Philosophy of Technoscience)
by Nadine Courtenay Olivier Darrigol Oliver SchlaudtSystems of units still fail to attract the philosophical attention they deserve, but this could change with the current reform of the International System of Units (SI). Most of the SI base units will henceforth be based on certain laws of nature and a choice of fundamental constants whose values will be frozen. The theoretical, experimental and institutional work required to implement the reform highlights the entanglement of scientific, technological and social features in scientific enterprise, while it also invites a philosophical inquiry that promises to overcome the tensions that have long obstructed science studies.
Reformed Theology and Evolutionary Theory
by Gijsbert Van den BrinkMany books aim to help beginners explore whether or not evolutionary science is compatible with Christian faith. This one probes more deeply to ask: What do we learn from modern evolutionary science about key issues that are of special theological concern? And what does Christian theology, especially in its Reformed expressions, say about those same key issues? Gijsbert van den Brink begins by describing the layers of meaning in the phrase &“evolutionary theory&” and exploring the question of how to interpret the Bible with regard to science. He then works through five key areas of potential conflict between evolutionary theory and Christian faith, spelling out scientific findings and analyzing Christian doctrinal concerns along the way. His conclusion: although some traditional doctrinal interpretations must be adjusted, evolutionary science is no obstacle to classical Christian faith.
Reforming Liberalism: J. S. Mill's Use of Ancient, Religious, Liberal, and Romantic Moralities
by Robert DevigneRobert Devigne challenges prevailing interpretations of the political and moral thought of John Stuart Mill and the theoretical underpinnings of modern liberal philosophy. He explains how Mill drew from ancient and romantic thought as well as past religious practices to reconcile conflicts and antinomies (liberty and virtue, self-interest and morality, equality and human excellence) that were hobbling traditional liberalism. The book shows that Mill, regarded as a seminal writer in the liberal tradition, critiques liberalism's weaknesses with a forcefulness usually associated with its well-known critics. Devigne explores Mill's writings to demonstrate how his thought has been misconstrued--as well as oversimplified--to the detriment of our understanding of liberalism itself.
Reforming Science Teacher Education Programs in the STEM Era: International and Comparative Perspectives (Palgrave Studies on Leadership and Learning in Teacher Education)
by Sulaiman M. Al-Balushi Lisa Martin-Hansen Youngjin SongThis edited book explores different international practices in reforming science teacher education programs for STEM education. Incorporating case studies in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, North America and South America, the contributors emphasise the large variety in STEM teacher preparation. Including science-centric versions of STEM programs as well as more integrated models of STEM, this contextual diversity will help readers learn about the design, opportunities, and challenges of STEM teacher preparation in a variety of circumstances, in order to innovate and improve STEM education more broadly.
Reforming Water Law and Governance: From Stagnation To Innovation In Australia
by Cameron Holley Darren SinclairThis book identifies the most effective water policy tools and innovations, and the circumstances that foster their successful implementation by taking a comparative look at a world-leading ‘laboratory’ of water law and governance: Australia. In particular, the book analyses Australia’s 20-year experience implementing a hybrid governance system of markets, hierarchical regulation, and collaborative integrated water planning. Australia is acknowledged as a world leader in water governance reform, and an examination of its relatively mature water law and governance system has great significance for many international academics and jurisdictions. This book synthesises practical lessons and theoretical insights from Australia, as well as recommendations from comparative analysis with countries such as the United States to provide useful guidance for policymakers and scholars seeking to apply water instruments in a wide range of policy contexts. The book also advances our understanding of water and broader environmental governance theory and is a valuable reference for scholars, researchers and students working in law, regulation and governance studies – especially in the field of water and environmental law.
Reformulation as a Strategy for Developing Healthier Food Products: Challenges, Recent Developments and Future Prospects
by Vassilios Raikos Viren RanawanaThis work introduces the concept of reformulation, a relatively new strategy to develop foods with beneficial properties. Food reformulation by definition is the act of re-designing an existing, often popular, processed food product with the primary objective of making it healthier. In recent years the concept of food reformulation has evolved significantly as additional benefits of re-designing food have become apparent. In addition to targeting specific food ingredients that are considered potentially harmful for human health, food reformulation can also be effectively used as a strategy to make foods more nutritious by introducing essential macro- /micro-nutrients or phytochemicals in the diet. Reformulating foods can also improve sustainability by introducing “waste” (and underutilized) ingredients into the food chain. In light of these developments, reformulating existing foods is now considered a realistic and attractive opportunity to provide healthy, nutritious, and sustainable food choices to the consumers and likewise improve public health. Indeed reformulation has now become essential in many cases for redressing the health properties of foods that are popularly consumed and significantly affecting public health.This edited volume covers aspects of food reformulation from various angles, exploring the role of the food industry, academia, and consumers in developing new products. Some of the major themes contributors address include methods of reformulating food products for health, improving the nutritional composition of foods, and challenges to the food industry, including regulation as well as consumer perception of new products. The book presents several case studies to clarify these objectives and illustrate the difficulties encountered in the process of developing a reformulated product. Chapters from experts in the field identify emerging and future trends in food product development, and highlight ways in which these efforts will help with increasing food security, improving nutrition and health, and promoting sustainable production.The editors have designed the book to be useful for both industry professionals and the research community. This interdisciplinary approach incorporates a wide spectrum of food sciences (including composition, engineering, and chemistry) as well as nutrition and public health. Food and nutrition professionals, policy makers, health care and social scientists, and graduate students will also find the information relevant.
Refractive Indices of Solids
by Stepan S. Batsanov Evgeny D. Ruchkin Inga A. PoroshinaThis book highlights the basics of crystal optics methodsand refractive index (RI) measurement techniques in various solids, as well astheir scientific and technological applications. In addition to new techniquesfor cases when traditional techniques are impractical, such as for highlyrefracting powders, anomalous dispersion of light in the studied solid, or forcolloids, it also describes conventional methods of RI measurement.
Refractories for Aluminium
by Andrey YurkovThis book details the peculiarities of the requirements for refractories designed for aluminium metallurgical process: reduction, cast house, and anode production. The author describes requirements specific to the properties and structure of refractory materials that differentiate it from the refractories for ferrous metallurgy and other refractories. A comparison is drawn between the properties and structure of refractories and carbon cathode materials from different points of view: from the point of physical chemistry and chemistry interactions during the metallurgical process and from the point of design of reduction pots and furnaces with the aspect to the service life time of metallurgical aggregates.
Refractories for Aluminum
by Andrey YurkovThis book details the rigorous requirements for refractories designed for aluminium metallurgical processes: reduction, cast house, and anode production. The author describes requirements specific to the properties and structure of refractory materials that differentiate it from materials used for ferrous metallurgy, among others. A comparison is drawn between the properties and structure of refractories and carbon cathode materials from different points of view: from the perspective of physical chemistry and chemical interactions during the metallurgical process and from the aspect of designing reduction pots and furnaces to accommodate the lifetime of metallurgical aggregates that are a part of aluminum refractory processes.
Refractories for the Chemical Industries
by Prasunjit SenguptaThe book provides process engineers, an insight into refractories focusing on its importance and requirements in chemical process industries such as refinery and petrochemicals, syngas manufacturing, coal gasification, limestone calcinations, carbon black, glass, and cement production. Additionally the book discusses the refractory requirements for the CFBC boiler, and waste heat utilization process to generate steam. The book describes characterization of refractory material and selection process of the refractory for lining different equipments pertaining to the chemical process industry. The book covers refractory installation techniques, and the precautions to be taken during installation are discussed in detail along with the theoretical background. It explains the physical and chemical factors that influence the performances of refractory, mechanism of its degradation in service and emphasizes on the thermo-chemical and thermo-mechanical aspects and their role in that process . The content lays out different methods of monitoring Refractory lining conditions while the furnace is in operation and also elucidates few methods to repair the worn out lining without taking a shutdown. The scheme of investigation of a refractory failure is an added feature.
Refractories Handbook
by Charles A. SchachtThis comprehensive reference details the technical, chemical, and mechanical aspects of high-temperature refractory composite materials for step-by-step guidance on the selection of the most appropriate system for specific manufacturing processes. The book surveys a wide range of lining system geometries and material combinations and covers a broad
Refractory Fundamentals in Metallurgical Practice
by Jürgen PötschkeExploring the intricate interaction of refractories with their application environments, this book delves into the realms of physical chemistry, heat and mass transfer, thermo-mechanics, and mineralogy. Departing from the conventional phenomenological approach, it ties experiences and lab findings to these core principles, fostering a deep understanding. This shift not only enhances traditional testing methods but also widens the scope for alternative investigative approaches. Emphasizing the connection to fundamental laws across scientific disciplines, readers gain profound insights into refractory behavior, elevating their problem-solving prowess. In sync with the current trends of simulation methods in refractory science and metallurgy, this book offers a contemporary perspective on the subject.
Refractory Linings: ThermoMechanical Design and Applications
by Charles A. SchachtThis work describes the technology necessary to optimize the performance of any refractory lining. It provides an overview of the thermomechanical behaviour and wear of refractory lining systems, and details the structural behaviour of several classical refractory geometries, highlighting the critical regions of each lining system where high stress is most likely to create fractures.