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Protein-Based Inheritance
by null Dr. Yury ChernoffThis book covers a topic that has been neglected for years and has returned to the spotlight only recently. Until the genetic role of DNA was firmly established, many researchers suspected that proteins, rather than nucleic acids, could be carriers of heritable information. However, these models were completely forgotten with the triumphal march of the double helix and the development of a central dogma postulating that information flow occurs strictly from DNA, through RNA, to protein, making it seemingly impossible for the proteins to possess a coding potential. Proteins were downgraded to the role of simple perpetuators and executors of DNA orders. Taken together, data included in this book prove beyond a reasonable doubt that proteins and multiprotein complexes are able to control heritable traits, and that, at least in some examples, this control occurs in a template-like fashion, so that new structures strictly reproduce patterns of pre-existing structures that were not specifically coded in DNA. Thus, protein-based inheritance has left the area of speculation and has emerged as a new topic amenable to high-quality experimental analysis.
Protein-Based Surfactants: Synthesis: Physicochemical Properties, and Applications
by Jiding Xia"Describes preparation techniques of protein-based surfactants (PBS) in the laboratory by a variety of chemical and enzymatic means, production by using different types of amino acids, and marketplace applications of PBS in medical and personal care products, detergents, cosmetics, antimicrobial agents, and foods."
Protein-based Therapeutics
by Dev Bukhsh Singh Timir TripathiThis book provides an overview of the essential characteristics and clinical applications of therapeutic proteins against human diseases, including cancers, immune disorders, infections, and other diseases. It presents the latest advancements in protein engineering techniques for producing desirable therapeutic proteins. The book also covers the strategies used to formulate and deliver systemic therapeutic proteins, approved protein therapeutics and their targets, and pharmacogenetic biomarkers. Further, it discusses challenges associated with the clinical implications of therapeutic proteins, including safety, immunogenicity, protein stability, degradation, and efficacy. It illustrates the development of biosimilar antibodies, optimization strategies for producing biobetter antibodies, and presents fundamental concepts about biosuperior therapeutics. Lastly, it includes a discussion about protein-based vaccines against bacterial and viral infections.
Protein Bioinformatics (Methods in Molecular Biology #2836)
by Frédérique LisacekThis detailed volume explores techniques for protein bioinformatics research, including databases, software tools, and computational methods, in the context of protein science or proteomics and opening to other omics areas. Beginning with a section on proteogenomics, the book continues by covering posttranslational modifications, processing large-scale mass spectrometry data, protein structure and interactions, as well as protein feature inference. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice to ensure efficacious results. Authoritative and practical, Protein Bioinformatics serves as an ideal guide for researchers in disciplines encompassing the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, biological, and medical sciences, as well as the computational and engineering sciences.
Protein Bioinformatics: From Protein Modifications and Networks to Proteomics (Methods in Molecular Biology #1558)
by Cathy H. Wu Cecilia N. Arighi Karen E. RossThis volume introduces bioinformatics research methods for proteins, with special focus on protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and networks. This book is organized into four parts and covers the basic framework and major resources for analysis of protein sequence, structure, and function; approaches and resources for analysis of protein PTMs, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and protein networks, including tools for PPI prediction and approaches for the construction of PPI and PTM networks; and bioinformatics approaches in proteomics, including computational methods for mass spectrometry-based proteomics and integrative analysis for alternative splice isoforms, for functional discovery. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory or computational protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Protein Bioinformatics: From Protein Modifications and Networks to Proteomics is a valuable resource for readers who wish to learn about state-of-the-art bioinformatics databases and tools, novel computational methods, and future trends in protein and proteomic data analysis in systems biology. This book is useful to researchers who work in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, and in various academic departments, such as biological and medical sciences and computer sciences and engineering.
Protein Biomarkers: Discovery and Applications in Clinical Diagnostics
by Sumit Kumar Singh Pranjal ChandraThis book comprehensively reviews the fundamentals of biomarker discovery using mass-spectrometry-based proteomic and glycoproteomic methods. It also provides case studies of proteomic and glycoproteomic molecular signatures to illustrate the design and use of various mass spectrometry modes such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). In turn, the book presents the challenges of the proteomic methods in biomarker discovery and approaches for overcoming these challenges by extending the performance by improving the sensitivity, throughput, and selectivity of the method. It also addresses the bottleneck of deriving useful biological interpretations from large multi-dimensional datasets emanating from these experiments by discussing data analysis pipelines and appropriate statistical analysis. Finally, a detailed discussion on the design, characterization, and application of protein/glycoprotein-based biosensors for clinical diagnostics is discussed. The book is intended to serve as a reliable resource for the students and researchers working in the area of biomarker discovery and validation using mass spectrometry-based methods and their subsequent applications for biosensor design.
Protein Biotechnology
by Felix FranksFelix Franks' new volume, Protein Biotechnology, is a comprehensive compendium of state-of-the-art techniques for isolating, purifying, characterizing, and analyzing proteins as commercial products, both in vitro and in vivo. The book also highlights leading-edge analytical methods used throughout biotechnology today, especially in quality control, and contains a wealth of economic and technical information. The book's particular strength lies in its emphasis on proteins as commercial products, not merely experimental laboratory entities. Topics treated include: description and classification of proteins * economics and technology of characterization * analytical chromatography of amino acids, peptides, and proteins * structure, organization, and function * posttranslational processing * fragmentation * peptide sequence determination * electrophoretic techniques * polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies * conformational stability * protein hydration * recombinant protein technology * storage stabilization * process purification. An essential tool for everyone who needs to stay effective in today's highly competitive biotechnology arena.
Protein Blotting and Detection
by Biji T. Kurien R. Hal ScofieldOver the past thirty years, the development of the Western blot has revolutionized the fields of biomedical research and medical diagnostics. In "Protein Blotting and Detection: Methods and Protocols", expert researchers present numerous techniques based on the Western blot, providing detailed, readily reproducible methods, tips, and alternatives directly and easily transferable to the laboratory setting. Chapters offer a large number of variations on the theme of protein transfer to solid support followed by detection, presenting both adaptations of traditional techniques as well as completely original methods of protein blotting. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, a list of necessary materials, step-by-step methods, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Innovative and highly practical, Protein Blotting and Detection: Methods and Protocols is an essential, hands-on guide for all investigators who hope to bring these cutting-edge procedures home to their laboratories.
Protein Cages
by Brendan P. OrnerThis volume emphasizes new techniques to help understand protein cages and to apply them to a variety of technologies, highlighting the expertise of researchers based on three continents. Protein cages are currently inspiring diverse scientific disciplines and are therefore at the crossroads of extremely widely-scoped research, which is reflected in the detailed chapters of Protein Cages: Methods and Protocols. From nanomaterials studies and iron particles to computational strategies and Atomic Force Microscopy, the chapters herein collectively provide an introduction to the rich world of protein cage research and specific techniques to understand and exploit this fascinating class of proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters begin with an introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and cutting-edge, Protein Cages: Methods and Protocols will help to inspire and further propel the current multi-disciplinary enthusiasm in studying and discovering new applications for protein cages.
Protein Cages: Design, Structure, and Applications (Methods in Molecular Biology #2671)
by Takafumi Ueno Sierin Lim Kelin XiaThis volume provides the latest methods for synthesis, structural analysis, and elucidation of the mechanism. Chapters guide readers through methods on protein cages for nanotechnology, analyze designed protein cages, determine the structures, and even perform theoretical analysis. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Protein Cages: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.
Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions
by Alicia Lammerts van Bueren D. Wade AbbottThis volume is a wide-ranging tool for studying protein-carbohydrate interactions that extend from traditional biochemical methods to state-of-the-art techniques. This book focuses on four different research themes: Part I describes methods for screening and quantifying CAZyme activity; Part II contains methods for investigating the interactions between proteins and carbohydrate ligands; Part III discusses methods for the visualization of carbohydrates and protein-carbohydrate complexes; and Part IV focuses on structural and "omic" approaches for studying systems of CAZymes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource to the glycomics research community. In this continuously advancing field, the methods in this book highlight the biology of glycomics, thus driving biotechnological innovation and solutions for human health and sustainable resources within the emerging green community.
Protein Carbonylation: Principles, Analysis, and Biological Implications
by Joaquim RosProtein carbonylation has attracted the interest of a great number of laboratories since the pioneering studies at the Earl Stadtman’s lab at NIH started in early 1980s. Since then, detecting protein carbonyls in oxidative stress situations became a highly efficient tool to uncover biomarkers of oxidative damage in normal and altered cell physiology. In this book, research groups from several areas of interest have contributed to update the knowledge regarding detection, analyses and identification of carbonylated proteins and the sites where these modifications occur. The scientific community will benefit from these reviews since they deal with specific, detailed technical approaches to study formation and detection of protein carbonyls. Moreover, the biological impact of such modifications in metabolic, physiologic and structural functions and, how these alterations can help understanding the downstream effects on cell function are discussed. Oxidative stress occurs in all living organisms and affects proteins and other macromolecules: Protein carbonylation is a measure of oxidative stress in biological systems Mass spectrometry, fluorescent labelling, antibody based detection, biotinylated protein selection and other methods for detecting protein carbonyls and modification sites in proteins are described Aging, neurodegenerative diseases, obstructive pulmonary diseases, malaria, cigarette smoke, adipose tissue and its relationship with protein carbonylation Direct oxidation, glycoxidation and modifications by lipid peroxidation products as protein carbonylation pathways Emerging methods for characterizing carbonylated protein networks and affected metabolic pathways
Protein Chaperones and Protection from Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Vladimir Uversky Stephan N. WittHow protein chaperones protect cells from neurodegenerative diseasesIncluding contributions from leading experts, Protein Chaperones and Protection from Neurodegenerative Diseases provides an in-depth exploration of how protein chaperones are involved in shielding cells from toxic aggregated or misfolded protein states that cause ALS, Parkinson's, and related diseases.Examining how different protein chaperones ameliorate the toxicity of proteins that are known to cause neurodegenerative damage, the book addresses both research and clinical perspectives on chaperone and anti-chaperone properties. The intersection of molecular chaperones and neurodegeneration is an intensely studied area, partly because of the potential for manipulating the expression of molecular chaperones to thwart the progression of debilitating diseases, and partly because of the ever-aging global population.Discussing the potential to harness the power of protein chaperones, and future directions for research, discovery, and therapeutics, this book is essential reading for scientists working in the fields of biochemistry, molecular medicine, pharmacology and drug discovery, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, advanced students, and anyone interested in this cutting-edge topic.
Protein Chromatography: Process Development and Scale-Up
by Giorgio Carta Alois JungbauerAn all-in-one practical guide on how to efficiently use chromatographic separation methods Based on a training course that teaches the theoretical as well as practical aspects of protein bioseparation to bioprocess professionals, this fully updated and revised new edition offers comprehensive coverage of continuous chromatography and provides readers with many relevant examples from the biopharmaceutical industry. Divided into two large parts, Protein Chromatography: Process Development and Scale-Up, Second Edition presents all the necessary knowledge for effective process development in chromatographic bioseparation, both on small and large scale. The first part introduces chromatographic theory, including process design principles, to enable the reader to rationalize the set-up of a bioseparation process. The second part illustrates by way of case studies and sample protocols how the theory learned in the first part may be applied to real-life problems. Chapters look at: Downstream Processing of Biotechnology Products; Chromatography Media; Laboratory and Process Columns and Equipment; Adsorption Equilibrium; Rate Processes; and Dynamics of Chromatography Columns. The book closes with chapters on: Effects of Dispersion and Rate Processes on Column Performance; Gradient Elution Chromatography; and Chromatographic Column Design and Optimization. -Presents the most pertinent examples from the biopharmaceutical industry, including monoclonal antibodies -Provides an overview of the field along with design tools and examples illustrating the advantages of continuous processing in biopharmaceutical productions -Focuses on process development and large-scale bioseparation tasks, making it an ideal guide for the professional bioengineer in the biotech and pharma industries -Offers field-tested information based on decades of training courses for biotech and chemical engineers in Europe and the U.S. Protein Chromatography: Process Development and Scale-Up, Second Edition will appeal to biotechnologists, analytical chemists, chromatographers, chemical engineers, pharmaceutical industry, biotechnological industry, and biochemists.
Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2699)
by Sinéad T. Loughran John Joseph MilneThis third edition expands on the previous editions with updated and new chapters on protein chromatography. Chapters detail protein stability and storage, avoiding proteolysis, protein quantitation methods, generation and purification of recombinant proteins, recombinant antibody production, and the tagging of proteins. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition aims to provide commonly used methods and new approaches to help both new researchers and experts expand their knowledge.
Protein Chromatography
by Sinéad T. Loughran Dermot WallsA prerequisite for elucidating the structure and function of any protein is the prior purification of that protein. This necessity has led to the development of many purification schemes and chromatographic methods for the isolation of native proteins from complex sources. In Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols, leading researchers present clear protocol-style chapters that are suitable for newcomers and experts alike. The book opens with vital topics in protein biochemistry, addressing such areas as protein stability and storage, avoiding proteolysis during chromatography, protein quantitation methods including immuno-qPCR, and the contrasting challenges that microfluidics and scale-up production pose to the investigator, and then it segues into key methods involving the generation and purification of recombinant proteins through recombinant antibody production and the tagging of proteins, amongst other means, as well as many variations on classic techniques such as ion-exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, protocols chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols will greatly aid scientists in establishing these essential techniques in their own laboratories and furthering our understanding of the many imperative functions of proteins.
Protein Chromatography
by Dermot Walls Sinéad T. LoughranA prerequisite for elucidating the structure and function of any protein is the prior purification of that protein. This necessity has led to the development of many purification schemes and chromatographic methods for the isolation of native proteins from complex sources. In Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols, leading researchers present clear protocol-style chapters that are suitable for newcomers and experts alike. The book opens with vital topics in protein biochemistry, addressing such areas as protein stability and storage, avoiding proteolysis during chromatography, protein quantitation methods including immuno-qPCR, and the contrasting challenges that microfluidics and scale-up production pose to the investigator, and then it segues into key methods involving the generation and purification of recombinant proteins through recombinant antibody production and the tagging of proteins, amongst other means, as well as many variations on classic techniques such as ion-exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(tm) series format, protocols chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols will greatly aid scientists in establishing these essential techniques in their own laboratories and furthering our understanding of the many imperative functions of proteins.
Protein Complex Assembly: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1764)
by Joseph A. MarshThis volume details the importance of multiple experimental techniques and computational methods needed to obtain the comprehensive picture of protein complex structure, dynamics and assembly afforded by the emerging field of integrative structural biology. Chapters guide readers through the broad spectrum of approaches required for a complete representation of protein complexes, including expression and purification, experimental characterization of structure and assembly, and computational methods for identifying protein complexes and modelling their assembly. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Protein Complex Assembly: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Protein Conformational Dynamics
by Ke-Li Han Xin Zhang Ming-Jun YangThis book discusses how biological molecules exert their function and regulate biological processes, with a clear focus on how conformational dynamics of proteins are critical in this respect. In the last decade, the advancements in computational biology, nuclear magnetic resonance including paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, and fluorescence-based ensemble/single-molecule techniques have shown that biological molecules (proteins, DNAs and RNAs) fluctuate under equilibrium conditions. The conformational and energetic spaces that these fluctuations explore likely contain active conformations that are critical for their function. More interestingly, these fluctuations can respond actively to external cues, which introduces layers of tight regulation on the biological processes that they dictate. A growing number of studies have suggested that conformational dynamics of proteins govern their role in regulating biological functions, examples of this regulation can be found in signal transduction, molecular recognition, apoptosis, protein / ion / other molecules translocation and gene expression. On the experimental side, the technical advances have offered deep insights into the conformational motions of a number of proteins. These studies greatly enrich our knowledge of the interplay between structure and function. On the theoretical side, novel approaches and detailed computational simulations have provided powerful tools in the study of enzyme catalysis, protein / drug design, protein / ion / other molecule translocation and protein folding/aggregation, to name but a few. This work contains detailed information, not only on the conformational motions of biological systems, but also on the potential governing forces of conformational dynamics (transient interactions, chemical and physical origins, thermodynamic properties). New developments in computational simulations will greatly enhance our understanding of how these molecules function in various biological events.
Protein Crystallography: A Concise Guide
by Eaton E. Lattman Patrick J. LollThe proteome remains a mysterious realm. Researchers have determined the structures of only a small fraction of the proteins encoded by the human genome. Crystallography continues to be the primary method used to determine the structures of the remaining unknown proteins. This imaging technique uses the diffraction of X-rays to determine a protein’s three-dimensional molecular structure.Drawing on years of research and teaching experience, Eaton E. Lattman and Patrick J. Loll use clear examples and abundant illustrations to provide a concise and accessible primer on protein crystallography. Discussing the basics of diffraction, the behavior of two- and three-dimensional crystals, phase determination (including MIR and MAD phasing and molecular replacement), the Patterson function, and refinement, Lattman and Loll provide a complete overview of this important technique, illuminated by physical insights.The crisp writing style and simple illustrations will provide beginner crystallographers with a guide to the process of unraveling protein structure.
Protein Crystallography
by Alexander Wlodawer Zbigniew Dauter Mariusz JaskolskiThis volume provides methods for modern macromolecular crystallography, including all steps leading to crystal structure determination and analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Protein Crystallography aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease
by Anthony P. Nicholas Sanjoy K. BhattacharyaDeimination is a relatively new post-translational modification of proteins, whose recognition is ever-increasing. First linked to the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), deimination is a process by which selected positively charged arginine amino acids are converted to neutral citrulline amino acids by the peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes. Although the medical literature is rich with articles about the possible significance of deiminated proteins in RA, Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease is the first publication to compile this knowledge and the growing amount of new information now known about the presence of deiminated proteins in the eye, skin, hair, gums, lung and nervous system, as well. As a result, this process has now been linked to numerous additional conditions besides RA, including cancer, glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, among many others. Chronicling the earliest studies of deimination up to the present, this volume distills what is currently known about citrullination of proteins in the human body and is the first book of its kind on the topic.
Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease
by Anthony P. Nicholas Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya Paul R. ThompsonPublished in 2014, Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease was the first book on this novel post-translational modification, in which selected positively-charged arginine amino acids are converted to neutral citrulline amino acids by the peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes. This area of research continues to expand rapidly, necessitating the need for this second edition. Chronicling the latest inflammatory, epigenetic, neurodegenerative, and carcinogenic processes, Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease, Second Edition, updates the latest advances in deimination research, including new information on PAD enzyme structure and activity, and how PAD knock-out animals are being used to study known and newly-discovered links to various human diseases. The first edition outlined what was known about citrullinated proteins in normal tissues such as skin and hair, as well as in maladies such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), glaucoma, peripheral nerve injury, neonatal hypoxic brain damage, and breast cancer. This second edition addresses numerous additional disorders such as diabetes, asthma, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, bone disease, heart failure, fronto-temporal dementia, and prostate and colon cancer. It also provides updates on the deimination research covering the three seminal diseases first linked to this process (RA, MS and AD), and details how auto-antibodies against citrullinated proteins contribute to disease. In addition, new hypotheses on the possible pathologic mechanisms of citrullinated myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein are also proposed. This second edition also outlines the latest developments in therapeutic strategies, including the use of new PAD antagonists and innovative techniques such as micro-vescicles and stem cells as possible mechanisms to treat these conditions.
Protein Design
by Raphael Guerois Manuela López de la PazProtein Design: Methods and Applications presents the most up-to-date protein design and engineering strategies so that readers can undertake their own projects with a maximum chance of success. The authors present integrated computational approaches that require various degrees of computational complexity, and the major accomplishments that have been achieved in the design and structural characterization of helical peptides and proteins.
Protein Design: Methods and Applications (Methods in Molecular Biology #1216)
by Valentin KöhlerProtein Design: Method and Applications, Second Edition expands upon the previous edition with current, detailed ideas on how to approach a potential protein design project. With new chapters on metals as structure-forming elements and functional sites, the design and characterization of fluorinated proteins, top-down symmetric deconstruction and the design of protein libraries and novel or repurposed enzymes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biologyseries format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and intuitive, Protein Design: Method and Applications, Second Edition provides a number of practical protocols and instructive reviews to aid in the creation of new experiments.