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Protocols in Advanced Genomics and Allied Techniques (Springer Protocols Handbooks)
by Aruna PalThis laboratory manual includes the latest tools and techniques involved in genomic research. It starts with an introductory chapter on genomics and the various tools and applications involved. The initial chapters present protocols for basic techniques such as DNA isolation, electrophoresis, PCR, cDNA synthesis etc. The book then goes on to describe more advanced techniques such as next-generation sequencing, exome sequencing, use of RNAi, RNAseq, genome editing, single cell genomics etc. Each topic includes a brief description, information on the principles involved, materials & methods, protocol, and expected results, with diagrams and graphs. All protocols are presented in a very lucid and precise way, to make it easy for readers to follow and replicate them.
Protocols in Molecular Parasitology
by John E. HydeExperts present methods and protocols essential for understanding parasites at the molecular level. The protocols cover culturing techniques for the major experimental organisms, methods for isolating and processing nucleic acids and proteins, PCR-based protocols for parasite identification, gene isolation and mutation, antibody-based procedures, chromosome and epitope mapping, flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, and parasite transformation.
Protocols of Actinomycetes: Microbiology to Gene editing
by L. KarthikMany of the natural products have been isolated and characterized from the actinobacteria, for example polyketides, phenazines, peptides, indolocarbarbazoles, and sterols. To explore new antibiotics from actinobacteria, several bioinformatics and synthetic biology tools were developed. This book covers basics to recent protocols for drug discovery from actinobacteria.Features: Discusses the benefits of production of antibiotics and enzymes from actinomycetes in a large scale Covers the synthetic biology approach Describes the strain improvement of actinobacteria Gives information on basic isolation of actinobacteria and modern techniques Covers the applications and metabolic engineering strategies of actinomycetes This book will be helpful for the pharmaceutical industries and researchers to develop new antibiotics from actinobacteria and can be used in support of future research in drug discovery.
Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by C.-M. Charlie Ma Tony LomaxProton and Carbon Ion Therapy is an up-to-date guide to using proton and carbon ion therapy in modern cancer treatment. The book covers the physics and radiobiology basics of proton and ion beams, dosimetry methods and radiation measurements, and treatment delivery systems. It gives practical guidance on patient setup, target localization, and trea
Proton Beam Therapy
by Santosh YajnikProton beam therapy is an emerging technology with promise of revolutionizing the treatment of cancer. While nearly half of all patients diagnosed with cancer in the US receive radiation therapy, the majority is delivered via electron accelerators, where photons are used to irradiate cancerous tissue. Because of the physical properties of photon beams, photons may deposit energy along their entire path length through the body. On the other hand, a proton beam directed at a tumor travels in a straight trajectory towards its target, gives off most of its energy at a defined depth called the Bragg peak, and then stops. While photons often deposit more energy within the healthy tissues of the body than within the cancer itself, protons can deposit most of their cancer-killing energy within the area of the tumor. As a result, in the properly selected patients, proton beam therapy has the ability to improve cure rates by increasing the dose delivered to the tumor and simultaneously reduce side-effects by decreasing the dose to surrounding tissue. The benefits of proton beam therapy in delivering a lethal hit to the target while sparing surrounding normal tissues from radiation are becoming applicable to an increasing number of patients and a growing list of conditions. In this book, the author will guide the reader through existing evidence supporting proton beam therapy for pediatric cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, brain tumors, spinal tumors, and several other conditions. The book will discuss which conditions are suitable for treatment with proton beam therapy, how the treatment is delivered, and the current data supporting its use.
Proton & Carbon NMR Spectra of Polymers
by Quang Tho Pham Roger Petiaud Marie-France Llauro-Darricades Hugues WatonProton and Carbon NMR Spectra of Polymers is an updated, consolidated volume featuring the spectra published in three previous volumes, plus 150 newly derived spectra. It contains 458 NMR spectra with associated analytical notes covering acrylics, amides, dienes, ethers, olefins, siloxins, styrenes and derivatives, urethanes, vinyls, vinylidenes, and others. The spectra obtained are either 1H or 13C; extended bibliographic references are attached. Each entry provides details of the chemical structure of the analyzed sample, in addition to analytical conditions including nucleus, frequency, spectrometer, detection technique, solvent, temperature, reference, lock and, where appropriate, flip angle. The wealth of information contained in this single volume make Proton and Carbon NMR Spectra of Polymers an essential acquisition for all academic, industrial research, and analytical laboratories and libraries involved with polymer chemistry.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies
by Hui Li Shanna Knights Zheng Shi John W. Van Zee Jiujun ZhangLarge-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has been hindered by issues of reliability, durability, and cost, which are all related to the degradation of fuel cell performance. This degradation often has root causes in contamination from fuel, air streams, or system components. With contributions from inte
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (ISSN)
by Zhigang QiWritten by an industry-leading scientist, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells explains the theoretical foundations of PEM fuel cells in relation to practical design and operation to not only help beginners grasp the essentials, but also guide industry professionals in tackling technical challenges. Useful to scientists, researchers, students, academics, and practicing engineers, the book covers the fundamentals, materials, components, modules, system architecture, applications, and current developmental status; offers real-world examples; and provides insight into advancing this sustainable clean technology.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials Properties and Performance (Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)
by David P. Wilkinson Jiujun Zhang Rob Hui Jeffrey FergusA Detailed, Up-to-Date Treatment of Key Developments in PEMFC MaterialsThe potential to revolutionize the way we power our worldBecause of its lower temperature and special polymer electrolyte membrane, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is well-suited for transportation, portable, and micro fuel cell applications. But the performance o
Proton Therapy Physics (Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)
by Harald PaganettiExpanding on the highly successful previous two editions, this third edition of Proton Therapy Physics has been updated throughout and includes several new chapters on “Adaptive Proton Therapy,” "Imaging for Planning,” “Flash Proton Therapy,” and “Outcome Modeling for Patient Selection.” Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, this book provides an in‑depth overview of the physics of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered across medical physics literature.After tracing the history of proton therapy, this book explores the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. The text then covers dosimetry, including beam delivery, shielding aspects, computer simulations, detector systems, and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry. Important for daily operations, acceptance testing, commissioning, quality assurance, and monitor unit calibrations are outlined. This book moves on to discussions of imaging for planning and image guidance as well as treatment monitoring. Aspects of treatment planning for single‑ and multiple‑field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets are outlined. Finally, the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective as well as outcome modeling are discussed.This book is an ideal practical guide for physicians, dosimetrists, radiation therapists, and physicists who already have some experience in radiation oncology. It is also an invaluable reference for graduate students in medical physics programs, physicians in their last year of medical school or residency, and those considering a career in medical physics.Key Features:• Updated with the latest technologies and methods in the field, covering all delivery methods of proton therapy, including beam scanning and passive scattering.• Discusses clinical aspects, such as treatment planning and quality assurance.• Offers insight into the past, present, and future of proton therapy from a physics perspective.Dr. Harald Paganetti is a distinguished figure in the field of radiation oncology, serving as Professor of Radiation Oncology at Harvard Medical School and Director of Physics Research at Massachusetts General Hospital. He earned his PhD in experimental nuclear physics from the Rheinische‑Friedrich‑Wilhelms University in Bonn, Germany, in 1992.
Proton Therapy Physics, Second Edition (Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)
by Harald PaganettiExpanding on the highly successful first edition, this second edition of Proton Therapy Physics has been completely restructured and updated throughout, and includes several new chapters. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, this book provides an in-depth overview of the physics of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered across medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book explores the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. The text then covers dosimetry, including beam delivery, shielding aspects, computer simulations, detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry. Important for daily operations, acceptance testing, commissioning, quality assurance and monitor unit calibrations are outlined. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. Imaging for treatment guidance as well as treatment monitoring is outlined. Finally, the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective are discussed. This book is an ideal practical guide for physicians, dosimetrists, radiation therapists, and physicists who already have some experience in radiation oncology. It is also an invaluable reference for graduate students in medical physics programs, physicians in their last year of medical school or residency, and those considering a career in medical physics. Features: Updated with the latest technologies and methods in the field, covering all delivery methods of proton therapy, including beam scanning and passive scattering Discusses clinical aspects, such as treatment planning and quality assurance Offers insight on the past, present, and future of proton therapy from a physics perspective
Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry
by Andrew M. Ellis Christopher A. MayhewProton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a rapidly growing analytical technique for detecting and identifying very small quantities of chemical compounds in air. It has seen widespread use in atmospheric monitoring and food science and shows increasing promise in applications such as industrial process monitoring, medical science and in crime and security scenarios. Written by leading researchers, this is the first book devoted to PTR-MS and it provides a comprehensive account of the basic principles, the experimental technique and various applications, thus making this book essential reading for researchers, technicians, postgraduate students and professionals in industry.The book contains nine chapters and is divided into two parts. The first part describes the underlying principles of the PTR-MS technique, including * the relevant ion-molecule chemistry* thermodynamics and reaction kinetics * a discussion of ion sources, drift tubes and mass spectrometers* practical aspects of PTR-MS, including calibration.The second part of the book turns its attention to some of the many applications of PTR-MS, demonstrating the scope and benefits, as well as the limitations, of the technique. The chapters that make up the second part of the book build upon the material presented in the first part and are essentially self-contained reviews focusing on the following topics:* environmental science * food science* medicine * homeland security, and * applications of PTR-MS in liquid analysis.
Protontherapy Versus Carbon Ion Therapy
by Marcos D'Ávila NunesThis book presents a comparison analysis of two cancer treatment therapies: carbon ion therapy and protontherapy. It is divided in 5 sections. The first ones gives the reader a brief history of Radiotherapy and types of radiation. In the second section, the techniques and equipments, including new ones in development such as Cyclinac , Laser and DWA, are described. The third section describes biophysical (such as stopping power and LET) and biological (such as RBE and OER) properties, the fundamental experiments and clinical area. The fourth section presents models and the fifth section compares both techniques, showing advantages and disadvantages of each, and their similarities.
Protoplast Technology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2464)
by Kan Wang Feng ZhangThis detailed volume collects protocols from scientists who are actively engaged in developing or using protoplast technology. The book begins with chapters that focus on basic protoplast techniques and their utilities, such as protocols on protoplast isolation, transfection, and regeneration, as well as examples of how to use protoplasts for genome editing and gene function analysis in a number of major crop or model plant species. It continues by exploring protoplast automation, large scale functional genomics, and synthetic biology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Protoplast Technology: Methods and Protocols aims to inspire the new generation of researchers to further improve their protocols and apply this technology to accelerate the field of plant genomic study.
The Protos Mandate
by Nick KanasIn the 25th Century, the effects of overpopulation and global warming on Earth have led to the formation of human colonies on the Moon, Mars and elsewhere in the Solar System, yet the limited number of viable places forces humanity to look to the stars. A crash program has been developed to send Protos 1, a giant multigenerational star ship, to a newly discovered Earth-like planet orbiting a nearby star. The plan is for awake crewmembers to run the ship and for people in suspended animation to be roused before planet fall to use their skills in exploration and colony formation. To fulfill the goals of the mission and ensure that the in-flight population does not deplete the limited resources, the Protos Mandate is set up to govern a tightly controlled social system for the duration of the journey, which will take several generations. But problems threaten to sabotage the mission during its launch and transit and what finally awaits the crewmembers shocks them in an unpredictable way. This novel chronicles the trials and tribulations of this epic first interstellar mission. The scientific appendix at the end of the book discusses the challenges of such an interstellar mission based on an extensive literature review and it links these challenges to specific episodes in the novel. Issues that are considered include interstellar propulsion systems, economic considerations of interstellar flight, psychological and sociological factors inherent in a multigenerational space mission, problems with suspended animation, current knowledge of exoplanets and issues related to colonizing a distant planet and the possible discovery of extraterrestrial life. A history of interstellar missions in science fiction is also reviewed. Nick Kanas is an Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, where he directed the group therapy training program. For over 20 years he conducted research in group therapy and for nearly 20 years after that he was the Principal Investigator of NASA-funded research on astronauts and cosmonauts. He is the co-author of Space Psychology and Psychiatry, which won the 2004 International Academy of Astronautics Life Science Book Award. Dr. Kanas has presented talks on space psychology and on celestial mapping at several regional and World Con science fiction conventions. He has been an amateur astronomer for over 50 years and is an avid reader of science fiction. He is also the author of Star Maps: History, Artistry and Cartography, Solar System Maps: From Antiquity to the Space Age, and the science fiction novel The New Martians, all published by Springer.
Prototype of a Biomimetic Multi-Spiked Connecting Scaffold for a New Generation of Resurfacing Endoprostheses
by Ryszard Uklejewski Piotr Rogala Mariusz WinieckiThe monograph comprehensively presents the research on the prototype of the biomimetic Multi-Spiked Connecting Scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) for cementless fixation of the components of a new generation of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprostheses. This research, carried out by a bioengineering-surgical team from three Polish universities, includes bioengineering design, rapid prototyping, manufacturing in selective laser melting, functionalization, surface modification, numerical studies, experimental in vitro studies, and pilot surgical experiments in an animal model. Features: Presents the prototype of the multi-spiked connecting scaffold for a new generation of resurfacing endoprostheses of the knee and the hip Explains this prototype scaffold as the first worldwide design of the biomimetic fixation of components of diarthrodial joints resurfacing endoprostheses Insights into the entire process of bioengineering design and research on this novel way of resurfacing endoprostheses fixation Reviews main results of the scaffold prototyping and SLM manufacturing, structural and osteoconductive functionalization, and surface modification Reports experimental and numerical investigations of mechanical behavior of the scaffold-bone system, cell culture studies, and pilot surgical experiments in animal models This book is aimed at professionals and graduate students in biomedical engineering, biomaterials engineering, and bone & joint surgery. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Protozoa and Human Disease
by Mark F WiserProtozoa and Human Disease is a textbook on medically important protozoa and the diseases they cause for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionals. It combines a taxonomic and medical approach and is therefore suitable for a parasitology, microbiology, medical, and public health readership. In addition to the basics such as morphological features, life cycles, and the clinical manifestations of the diseases, topics like the molecular and immunological basis of pathogenesis, metabolic pathways, specialized subcellular structures, ecology of disease transmission, antigenic variation, and molecular epidemiology are discussed for many of the protozoan pathogens. At the end of the book is an extensive glos
The Protozoan Phylum Apicomplexa: Volume 1
by Norman D. LevineAbout the turn of the century the Apicomplexa plus some other groups were called Sporozoa. With the advent of the electron microscope, it was realized that most "Sporozoa" have an apical complex; those which do not (the Microspora, Myxozoa, and Ascetospora) were removed and the name Apicomplexa was put forward by Dr. Levine in 1970. Most of the important Apicomplexa fall into five main groups: the gregarines, haemogregarines (about which there is relatively little known), coccidia, haemosporids, and piroplasms. These two volumes classify, list (with synonyms and hosts) and give references to descriptions of the approximately 4600 species of Apicomplexa that have been named so far. Volume I contains an 8-page introduction and covers the gregarines and coccidia (including the haemogregarines). In volume II are the Sarcocystidae (the predator-prey coccidia) the haemosporids (the malaria and related parasites), the piroplasms, and some parasites of uncertain affinities. The Apicomplexa are divided into over 300 genera and more than 60 families, but this division is deceiving. Most of these groups contain only one or a few species. There are fewer than 50 genera with 10 or more named species, and only 8 with 100 or more. These 8 genera (Eimeria, Haemogregarina, Gregarina, Isospora, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Sarcocystis, and Babesia) comprise more than half of the species.
The Protozoan Phylum Apicomplexa: Volume 2
by Norman D. LevineAbout the turn of the century the Apicomplexa plus some other groups were called Sporozoa. With the advent of the electron microscope, it was realized that most "Sporozoa" have an apical complex; those which do not (the Microspora, Myxozoa, and Ascetospora) were removed and the name Apicomplexa was put forward by Dr. Levine in 1970. Most of the important Apicomplexa fall into five main groups: the gregarines, haemogregarines (about which there is relatively little known), coccidia, haemosporids, and piroplasms. These two volumes classify, list (with synonyms and hosts) and give references to descriptions of the approximately 4600 species of Apicomplexa that have been named so far. Volume I contains an 8-page introduction and covers the gregarines and coccidia (including the haemogregarines). In volume II are the Sarcocystidae (the predator-prey coccidia) the haemosporids (the malaria and related parasites), the piroplasms, and some parasites of uncertain affinities. The Apicomplexa are divided into over 300 genera and more than 60 families, but this division is deceiving. Most of these groups contain only one or a few species. There are fewer than 50 genera with 10 or more named species, and only 8 with 100 or more. These 8 genera (Eimeria, Haemogregarina, Gregarina, Isospora, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Sarcocystis, and Babesia) comprise more than half of the species.
Protozoans in Macrophages
by Eric Denkers Ricardo T. GazzinelliUsing as a theme the encounter between protozoan parasites and macrophages, this volume brings together cell biologists, immunologists and protozoologists to review current developments in this broad and dynamic research area. Discussed are ways protozoans establish their intracellular niche, how they activate macrophage effector functions, what th
Protyposis – eine Einführung: Bewusstsein und Materie aus Quanteninformation (essentials)
by Thomas GörnitzDas vorliegende essential stellt die Protyposis als abstrakte bedeutungsoffene Qubits (AQIs) vor. Dies sind die physikalisch und mathematisch einfachsten Quantenstrukturen. Deren fundamentale Rolle begründet eine durchgängige Erklärung der kosmischen Entwicklung, der Herausformung materieller Teilchen, von Leben und Bewusstsein. Aus ihr folgen Strukturen der Wechselwirkungen, der gravitativen, elektromagnetischen, schwachen und starken. In einem Lebewesen werden AQIs für dieses auch zu bedeutungsvoller Information. Die AQIs formen Körper und Psyche als „Uniware“ zu einer Einheit, die ein hochentwickeltes Bewusstsein zu freien Entscheidungen befähigt. Es agiert sowohl logisch als auch spontan, im Gegensatz zur KI sogar nicht-algorithmisch.
Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain
by Maryanne Wolf"Human beings were never born to read," writes Tufts University cognitive neuroscientist and child development expert Maryanne Wolf. <P><P>Reading is a human invention that reflects how the brain rearranges itself to learn something new. <P><P>In this ambitious, provocative book, Wolf chronicles the remarkable journey of the reading brain not only over the past five thousand years, since writing began, but also over the course of a single child's life, showing in the process why children with dyslexia have reading difficulties and singular gifts. <P><P>Lively, erudite, and rich with examples, Proust and the Squid asserts that the brain that examined the tiny clay tablets of the Sumerians was a very different brain from the one that is immersed in today's technology-driven literacy. <P><P>The potential transformations in this changed reading brain, Wolf argues, have profound implications for every child and for the intellectual development of our species.
Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain
by Maryanne WolfMany scholars believe that humans are hard-wired for language, but no one, points out Wolf (child development, Tufts U.), believes that about reading and writing. The act of reading is not natural, she argues, either for a child or in the evolution of the brain's capacity to learn. She loves it anyway, and here shares her knowledge and joy at learning to read in both evolutionary and development contexts; she also explores reasons that some people cannot learn to read. By the way, Proust says they were just friends; the squid is not commenting.
Proust Was a Neuroscientist
by Jonah LehrerThe New York Times–bestselling author provides an &“entertaining&” look at how artists enlighten us about the workings of the brain (New York magazine). In this book, the author of How We Decide and Imagine: How Creativity Works &“writes skillfully and coherently about both art and science&”—and about the connections between the two (Entertainment Weekly). In this technology-driven age, it&’s tempting to believe that science can solve every mystery. After all, it&’s cured countless diseases and sent humans into space. But as Jonah Lehrer explains, science is not the only path to knowledge. In fact, when it comes to understanding the brain, art got there first. Taking a group of artists—a painter, a poet, a chef, a composer, and a handful of novelists—Lehrer shows how each one discovered an essential truth about the mind that science is only now rediscovering. We learn, for example, how Proust first revealed the fallibility of memory; how George Eliot discovered the brain&’s malleability; how the French chef Escoffier discovered umami (the fifth taste); how Cézanne worked out the subtleties of vision; and how Gertrude Stein exposed the deep structure of language—a full half-century before the work of Noam Chomsky and other linguists. More broadly, Lehrer shows that there&’s a cost to reducing everything to atoms and acronyms and genes. Measurement is not the same as understanding, and art knows this better than science does. An ingenious blend of biography, criticism, and first-rate science writing, Proust Was a Neuroscientist urges science and art to listen more closely to each other, for willing minds can combine the best of both to brilliant effect. &“His book marks the arrival of an important new thinker . . . Wise and fresh.&” —Los Angeles Times
Proven Programs in Education: Science, Technology, and Mathematics (STEM)
by Robert E. SlavinLet the best evidence based practices guide you to STEM success. This series turns research into practice with practical, evidence-based advice from the world’s premier education researchers and authors. In this volume, top articles on science, technology, and math provide multiple perspectives on current STEM issues as well as strategies for effective teaching of STEM subjects at all grade levels. Each chapter offers: Research and case studies showcasing innovative approaches to teaching Best practices, validated by research, that have stood the test of time Practical advice you can put to work right away Sources for additional exploration of the research