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Solar Based Hydrogen Production Systems
by Ibrahim Dincer Anand S. JoshiThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of various solar based hydrogen production systems. The book covers first-law (energy based) and second-law (exergy based) efficiencies and provides a comprehensive understanding of their implications. It will help minimize the widespread misuse of efficiencies among students and researchers in energy field by using an intuitive and unified approach for defining efficiencies. The book gives a clear understanding of the sustainability and environmental impact analysis of the above systems. The book will be particularly useful for a clear understanding of second law (exergy) efficiencies for various systems. It may serve as a reference book to the researchers in energy field. The definitions and concepts developed in the book will be explained through illustrative examples.
Solar Buildings and Neighborhoods: Design Considerations for High Energy Performance (Green Energy and Technology)
by Caroline Hachem-VermetteThis book presents the main principles for designing buildings and neighborhoods with increased potential to capture and utilize solar energy. It discusses practical issues in the design of the built environment and their impact on energy performance; and a range of design considerations, from building components (e.g. the building envelope) to urban planning issues (e.g. density and street layouts). In addition to design guidelines on how to increase buildings’ potential to capture solar energy, the book provides creative tips to increase the aesthetic value of solar technology integration in buildings. Helping readers plan energy-efficient buildings with innovative building envelope technologies, and to understand the impact of early-stage design considerations on the energy performance of buildings and communities, the book offers a valuable source of information for building professionals, including architects, engineers, and urban planners. It can also serve as a reference guide for academics and students of energy efficiency in buildings and urban planning.
Solar Cataclysm: How the Sun Shaped the Past and What We Can Do to Save Our Future
by Lawrence E. JosephScience journalist and futurist Lawrence Joseph has studied the unprecedented solar storms since the last ice age and in Solar Cataclysm he reveals the monumental ecological, biological, emotional, political, financial, and cultural effects they have had in the past, and will ultimately have on humanity’s future. This timely, fascinating, and relevant book from the bestselling author of Apocalypse 2012 sounds an intelligent and urgent warning about the possible catastrophic consequences we will face in the coming years if we don’t listen to what the sun is trying to tell us. Popular science fans who made The World Without Us a runaway bestseller, readers open to new angles on history like those presented in Guns, Germs, and Steel, and anyone who is concerned about tomorrow and what we can do to ensure humankind’s survival must read Solar Cataclysm.
Solar Cells and Modules (Springer Series in Materials Science #301)
by Arvind ShahThis book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Solar Cells: Types and Applications
by Sandeep Arya Prerna MahajanThis book highlights developments in the field of solar cells. The chapters in this book address a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by solar cell devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the evolution of solar cell technology during the last 50 years. It places particular emphasis on silicon solar cells, CIGS-based solar cells, organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells and hybrid solar cells. The book describes in detail the fabrication processes employed for different categories of solar cells. It also provides the characterization techniques utilized in this sector to evaluate the performance of solar cells and the scope of this domain in the future. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of solar cells in an easy-to-understand manner.
Solar Cooling: The Earthscan Expert Guide to Solar Cooling Systems (Earthscan Expert)
by Paul Kohlenbach Uli JakobCooling buildings is a major global energy consumer and the energy requirement is growing year by year. This guide to solar cooling technology explains all you need to know about how solar energy can be converted into cooling energy. It outlines the difference between heat-driven and photovoltaic-driven systems and gives examples of both, making clear in what situations solar cooling technology makes sense. It includes chapters on: • solar thermal collectors • solar cooling technologies • cold distribution • storage components • designing and sizing • installation, operation and maintenance • economic feasibility • potential markets • case studies. Solar Cooling is for engineers, architects, consultancies, solar thermal technology companies, students and anyone who is interested in getting involved with this technology.
Solar Cosmic Rays
by Leonty MiroshnichenkoPresents a comprehensive approach to the open questions in solar cosmic ray research and includes consistent and detailed considerations of conceptual, observational, theoretical, experimental and applied aspects of the field. The results of solar cosmic ray (SCR) investigations from 1942 to the present are summarized in this book. It treats the research questions in a self-contained form in all of its associations, from fundamental astrophysical aspects to geophysical, aeronautical and cosmonautical applications. A large amount of new data is included, which has been accumulated during the last several decades of space research. This second edition contains numerous updates and corrections to the text, figures and references. The author has also added several new sections about GLEs and radiation hazards. In addition, an extensive bibliography is provided, which covers non-partially the main achievements and failures in the field. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers in solar physics and space science.
Solar Energetic Particles: A Modern Primer on Understanding Sources, Acceleration and Propagation (Lecture Notes in Physics #978)
by Donald V. ReamesThis open access book serves as a concise primer introducing the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP). It systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. This second edition contains two completely new chapters discussing element abundances and shock waves, reflecting new theoretical, modeling, and observational results. Existing chapters have been substantially expanded or updated with additions placed in a broader context.More specifically, the author discusses the timing of the onsets of SEPs, their longitude distributions, their high-energy spectral shapes, their correlations with other solar phenomena, as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances. The book relates impulsive SEP events to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evidence of reacceleration of impulsive-SEP material in the seed population accessed by the shocks in gradual events. The text then develops processes of transport of ions out to an observer. Finally, a technique to determine the source plasma temperature in both impulsive and gradual events is demonstrated.The author also mentions the role of SEP events as a radiation hazard in space and briefly discusses the nature of the main particle telescope designs that have contributed to most of the SEP measurements.
Solar Energy
by Christian A. Gueymard Christoph Richter Daniel LincotGathering some 30 entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, this book presents fundamental principles and technologies for sustainably harnessing solar energy. Covers photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar radiation and more.
Solar Energy (Let's Explore Global Energy Ser.)
by David ArmentroutIntroduces Solar Energy and its positive or negative impact on the environment, particularly our future. <P><P>Lexile Measure: 950L
Solar Energy Concentrators
by Inamuddin Mohammad Luqman Tariq AltalhiDiscover the latest techniques and applications for solar energy concentrators in this essential guide for academics, researchers, environmentalists, and professionals seeking to harness the power of solar energy while reducing environmental impact and costs. This book is centered on contemporary fundamental techniques for collecting solar radiation and the prospective applications that show how solar energy concentrators (SEC) can be used in a variety of systems and may provide significant economic and environmental benefits. Around the globe, there is a tremendous drive to investigate the viability of utilizing solar energy, particularly in regions with temperate zones. The usage of solar energy in many sectors has grown over the years. The ongoing quest for an alternate energy source in response to the apparent depletion of fossil resources is the driving factor behind this transition. Fossil fuels are far more widely used now than ever before despite their rising price. Although all forms of renewable energy are accessible, solar radiation is the most prevalent and easily accessible. Using solar energy for higher processing temperatures is difficult despite being the most common clean and affordable renewable energy source on the planet. For this, solar energy concentrators (SEC) are a promising technology that could be used to harness both heat and electricity for diversified industrial operations. SECs are devices that harvest solar radiation and direct it to a single point of concentration. This book presents the most up-to-date fundamental strategies for the collection of the sun’s radiation. Moreover, SEC technical summaries are also evaluated concerning ongoing international assignments. Prominent applications are also featured to show the reader the scope of the SEC’s applicability. The potential implementations demonstrate that CSE can be employed in a wide range of systems and may offer considerable economic and environmental advantages.
Solar Energy Conversion
by Gertz I. LikhtenshteinFinally filling a gap in the literature for a text that also adopts the chemist's view of this hot topic, Professor Likhtenshtein, an experiencedauthor and internationally renowned scientist, considers different physical and engineering aspects in solar energy conversion. From theory to real-life systems, he shows exactly which chemical reactions take place when converting light energy, providing an overview of the chemical perspective from fundamentals to molecular harvesting systems and solar cells.This essential guide will thus help researchers in academia and industry better understand solar energy conversion, and so ultimatelyhelp this promising, multibillion dollar fi eld to expand.From the contents:* Electron Transfer Theories* Principle Stages of Photosynthetic Light Energy Conversion* Photochemical Systems of Light Energy Conversion* Redox Processes on Surface of Semiconductors and Metals* Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells* Photocatalytic Reduction and Oxidation of Water
Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes (Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion)
by Suresh C. Ameta Rakshit AmetaSolar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes showcases the latest advances in solar cell technology while offering valuable insight into the future of solar energy conversion and storage. Focusing on photochemical methods of converting and/or storing light energy in the form of electrical or chemical energy, the book:Describes various t
Solar Energy Conversion in Communities: Proceedings of the Conference for Sustainable Energy (CSE) 2020 (Springer Proceedings in Energy)
by Ion Visa Anca DutaThis book presents novel findings concerning the systems, materials and processes used in solar energy conversion in communities. It begins with the core resource – solar radiation – and discusses the restrictions on the wide-scale implementation of conversion systems imposed by the built environment, as well as potential solutions. The book also describes efficient solar energy conversion in detail, focusing on heat and electricity production in communities and water reuse. Lastly, it analyzes the concept of sustainable communities, presenting examples from around the globe, along with novel approaches to improving their feasibility and affordability. Though chiefly intended for professionals working in the field of sustainability at the community level, the book will also be of interest to researchers, academics and doctoral students.
Solar Energy Fundamentals
by Robert K. McMordieA compilation of decades of knowledge spanning the author's career as a mechanical engineer specializing in heat transfer and thermodynamics in the solar and aerospace industries, this book is instantly practicable. Topics include definitions of energy terms, relationship of the sun and earth, sunlight on the earth, heat transfer, solar collectors, absorbed solar energy, solar domestic hot water systems, solar photovoltaic systems, solar space heating, solar power towers, Stirling engine solar power systems, passive solar energy, and greenhouse solar collector.
Solar Energy Harvesting with Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complexes (Green Energy and Technology)
by Swee Ching Tan Sai Kishore RaviThis book chronicles a few approaches to constructing biohybrid devices using photosynthetic protein complexes. Can the abundantly available solar energy be tapped to meet our rising energy demands using green and cheap active materials? Exploring nature’s own tiny solar factories, the photosynthetic proteins could hold the key. Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes found in plants and certain types of bacteria transduce sunlight into biologically useful forms of energy through a photochemical charge separation that has a 100% quantum efficiency. Getting the photoproteins to perform this efficient energy conversion reaction in a semi-artificial setup is central to developing biohybrid solar technologies, a promising green alternative to today’s photovoltaics. This book looks into the existing challenges and opportunities in the field of biohybrid photovoltaics and provides a few prospective methods of enhancing the photocurrent and photovoltage in these devices. The book targets the readership of students, academics, and industrial practitioners who are interested in alternative solar technologies.
Solar Energy Sciences and Engineering Applications
by Napoleon Enteria Aliakbar AkbarzadehSolar energy is available all over the world in different intensities. Theoretically, the solar energy available on the surface of the earth is enough to support the energy requirements of the entire planet. However, in reality, progress and development of solar science and technology depends to a large extent on human desires and needs. This is du
Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry
by James Russell Mervyn Smyth Tony MilanowskiSolar Energy in the Winemaking Industry fully documents all aspects of the modern solar winery, beginning with the main drivers (environmental, economic and political) and detailing the current winemaking industry and solar technologies available. It details the various energy demands in the winemaking process from harvest to bottling and beyond. Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry catalogues the range of wineries globally that have installed a substantial solar collecting system and uses case study material to give the reader an appreciation of the diversity of solar winery facilities. From large industrial-style wineries to boutique family-run wineries; from new state-of-the-art facilities to 15th-century palaces, the application for solar is limitless. The book deals finally with the physical design, installation and operation of the solar system within the winery environment, detailing the equipment, methodologies, processes and concerns that must be addressed in their creation. This presents the reader with a range of solar design and system options, including: generic system type; installation; mounting arrangements; operation; different module and inverter components and configurations; connection; and finance. Owners, managers and planners involved in the design, building or management of a winemaking facility will derive particular benefit from Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry, but it will also be of interest to anyone with an interest in the wine or solar industries.
Solar Energy, Mini-grids and Sustainable Electricity Access: Practical Experiences, Lessons and Solutions from Senegal (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Debajit Palit Kirsten Ulsrud Charles Muchunku Gathu KirubiThis book presents new research on solar mini-grids and the ways they can be designed and implemented to provide equitable and affordable electricity access, while ensuring economic sustainability and replication. Drawing on a detailed analysis of solar mini-grid projects in Senegal, the book provides invaluable insights into energy provision and accessibility which are highly relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Global South more generally. Importantly, the book situates mini-grids in rural villages within the context of the broader dynamics of national- and international-level factors, including emerging system innovation and socio-technical transitions to green technologies. The book illustrates typical challenges and potential solutions for practitioners, policymakers, donors, investors and international agencies. It demonstrates the decisive roles of suitable policies and regulations for private-sector-led mini-grids and explains why these policies and regulations must be different from those that are designed as part of an established, centralized electricity regime. Written by both academics and technology practitioners, this book will be of great interest to those researching and working on energy policy, energy provision and access, solar power and renewable energy, and sustainable development more generally.
Solar Energy: Advancements and Challenges (River Publishers Series in Energy Sustainability and Efficiency)
by Krishna Kumar Gaurav Saini Korhan Cengiz Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban Sesha SrinivasanEnergy is a key source of economic growth due to its involvement as the primary input. Energy drives economic productivity and industrial growth. It can be considered as the prime requirement for the modern economy. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy that can be used to produce heat or generate electricity. The total amount of solar energy available on Earth’s surface is vastly in excess of the world’s current and anticipated energy requirements. In the 21st century, solar energy is expected to become increasingly attractive as a renewable energy source. An increase in the share of solar energy may destabilize the grid. To overcome the issues of grid instability, specifically in remote areas, BIM and GIS-based microgrid planning based on data can be effectively used. BIM and GIS are used to assess alternative solutions and big data analytics in building solar electrical systems according to planning requirements and managing assets. The integration of BIM and GIS information systems for microgrid planning is appealing due to its potential benefits, such as it decreases the microgrid planning time and cost. The present book is about the advancements in technology for harnessing solar energy and the challenges associated with different modes of utilizing this inexhaustible renewable energy source. This book will be helpful for researchers, academicians, technologists, innovators, and industry experts working in the area of solar energy, artificial intelligence, and smart grids.
Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment (ISSN)
by Robert Foster Majid Ghassemi Alma CotaDrawing on the authors' extensive research and project implementation around the globe, this book provides detailed knowledge for converting solar radiation into a suitable energy supply. It presents technical fundamentals to give a clear understanding of how solar energy can be captured for later use. The authors examine thermosolar collectors, photovoltaics modules, and other important types of solar receivers as well as cover typical cost-effective applications, including water pumping, residential electrification, lighting, small-scale irrigation, and more. Examples, case studies, and lessons learned from technical failures illustrate how to best implement solar energy projects.
Solar Flare Loops: Observations and Interpretations
by Guangli Huang Victor F. Melnikov Haisheng Ji Zongjun NingThis book provides results of analysis of typical solar events, statistical analysis, the diagnostics of energetic electrons and magnetic field, as well as the global behavior of solar flaring loops such as their contraction and expansion. It pays particular attention to analyzing solar flare loops with microwave, hard X-ray, optical and EUV emissions, as well as the theories of their radiation, and electron acceleration/transport. The results concerning influence of the pitch-angle anisotropy of non-thermal electrons on their microwave and hard X-ray emissions, new spectral behaviors in X-ray and microwave bands, and results related to the contraction of flaring loops, are widely discussed in the literature of solar physics. The book is useful for graduate students and researchers in solar and space physics.
Solar Fuel Generation
by Yatendra S. ChaudharyAs the search for renewable sources of energy grows more urgent, more and more attention is focusing on the blueprint offered by biological photosynthesis for translating the energy of our Sun into energy rich molecules like H2 and carbohydrates, commonly known as "solar fuels." These solar fuels have enormous potential to store high densities of energy in the form of chemical bonds as well as being transportable. This book offers a complete overview of the promising approaches to solar fuel generation, including the direct pathways of solar H2 generation and CO2 photocatalytic reduction. Solar Fuel Generation is an invaluable tool for graduate students and researchers (especially chemists, physicists, and material scientists) working in this field.
Solar Fuels (Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage)
by Mehmet Sankir Nurdan Demirci SankirSOLAR FUELS In this book, you will have the opportunity to have comprehensive knowledge about the use of energy from the sun, which is our source of life, by converting it into different chemical fuels as well as catching up with the latest technology. The most important obstacle to solar meeting all our energy needs is that solar energy is not always accessible and, therefore, cannot be used when needed. Consequently, the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, which has become increasingly important in recent years, is a groundbreaking topic in the field of renewable energy. This type of chemical energy is called solar fuel. Hydrogen, methanol, methane, and carbon monoxide are among the solar fuels, which can be produced via solar-thermal, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical routes. Solar Fuels compiles the objectives related to the new semiconductor materials and manufacturing techniques for solar fuel generation. Chapters are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields. A multidisciplinary contributor profile, including chemical engineering, materials science, environmental engineering, and mechanical and aerospace engineering provides a broader point of view and coverage of the topic. Therefore, readers absolutely will have a chance to learn about not only the fundamentals, but also the various aspects of materials science and manufacturing technologies for solar fuel production. Moreover, readers from diverse fields should take advantage of this book to comprehend the impacts of solar energy conversion in chemical form. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrochemistry, electrical engineering, and mechanical and manufacturing engineering.