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Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering (Springer Handbooks)
by Karl-Heinrich Grote Hamid HefaziThis resource covers all areas of interest for the practicing engineer as well as for the student at various levels and educational institutions. It features the work of authors from all over the world who have contributed their expertise and support the globally working engineer in finding a solution for today‘s mechanical engineering problems. Each subject is discussed in detail and supported by numerous figures and tables.
Springer Handbook of Medical Technology
by Robert Steven Pozos Klaus-Peter Hoffmann Rüdiger KrammeThis concise, user-oriented and up-to-date desk reference offers a broad introduction to the fascinating world of medical technology, fully considering today's progress and further development in all relevant fields. The Springer Handbook of Medical Technology is a systemized and well-structured guideline which distinguishes itself through simplification and condensation of complex facts. This book is an indispensable resource for professionals working directly or indirectly with medical systems and appliances every day. It is also meant for graduate and post graduate students in hospital management, medical engineering, and medical physics.
Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing
by Horst Czichos Leslie E. Smith Tetsuya SaitoThis Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology - the science of measurement - and the methods and techniques of Testing - determining the characteristics of a given product - as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.
Springer Handbook of Microscopy (Springer Handbooks)
by Peter W. Hawkes John C. H. SpenceThis book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology.Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and also ion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.
Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science
by Lorenzo Magnani Tommaso BertolottiThis handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.
Springer Handbook of Odor
by Andrea BuettnerThe Springer Handbook of Odor is the definitive guide to all aspects related to the study of smell and their impact on human life. For the first time, this handbook aligns the senso-chemo-analytical characterization of everyday smells encountered by mankind, with the elucidation of perceptual, hedonic, behavioral and physiological responses of humans to such odors. From birth onwards we learn to interact with our environment using our sense of smell. Moreover, evolutionary processes have engendered a multi-faceted communication that is supported - even dominated - by olfaction. This compilation examines the responses of humans to odors at different stages of life, thereby building a foundation for a widely overseen area of research with broader ramifications for human life. The expert international authors and editor align aspects, concepts, methodologies and perspectives from a broad range of different disciplines related to the science of smell. These include chemistry, physiology, psychology, material sciences, technology but also disciplines related to linguistics, culture, art and design. This handbook, edited by an internationally renowned aroma scientist with the support of an outstanding team of over 60 authors, is an authoritative reference for researchers in the field of odors both in academia and in industry and is also a useful reference for newcomers to the area.
Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators (Springer Handbooks)
by Wolfgang Glänzel Henk F. Moed Ulrich Schmoch Mike ThelwallThis handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions.A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact on research policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems.Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators.The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.
Springer Handbook of Spacetime
by Abhay Ashtekar Vesselin PetkovThe Springer Handbook of Spacetime is dedicated to the ground-breaking paradigm shifts embodied in the two relativity theories, and describes in detail the profound reshaping of physical sciences they ushered in. It includes in a single volume chapters on foundations, on the underlying mathematics, on physical and astrophysical implications, experimental evidence and cosmological predictions, as well as chapters on efforts to unify general relativity and quantum physics. The Handbook can be used as a desk reference by researchers in a wide variety of fields, not only by specialists in relativity but also by researchers in related areas that either grew out of, or are deeply influenced by, the two relativity theories: cosmology, astronomy and astrophysics, high energy physics, quantum field theory, mathematics, and philosophy of science. It should also serve as a valuable resource for graduate students and young researchers entering these areas, and for instructors who teach courses on these subjects. The Handbook is divided into six parts. Part A: Introduction to Spacetime Structure. Part B: Foundational Issues. Part C: Spacetime Structure and Mathematics. Part D: Confronting Relativity theories with observations. Part E: General relativity and the universe. Part F: Spacetime beyond Einstein.
Springer Handbook of Spacetime (Springer Handbooks)
by Abhay Ashtekar Vesselin PetkovThe Springer Handbook of Spacetime is dedicated to the ground-breaking paradigm shifts embodied in the two relativity theories, and describes in detail the profound reshaping of physical sciences they ushered in. It includes in a single volume chapters on foundations, on the underlying mathematics, on physical and astrophysical implications, experimental evidence and cosmological predictions, as well as chapters on efforts to unify general relativity and quantum physics. The Handbook can be used as a desk reference by researchers in a wide variety of fields, not only by specialists in relativity but also by researchers in related areas that either grew out of, or are deeply influenced by, the two relativity theories: cosmology, astronomy and astrophysics, high energy physics, quantum field theory, mathematics, and philosophy of science. It should also serve as a valuable resource for graduate students and young researchers entering these areas, and for instructors who teach courses on these subjects.The Handbook is divided into six parts. Part A: Introduction to Spacetime Structure. Part B: Foundational Issues. Part C: Spacetime Structure and Mathematics. Part D: Confronting Relativity theories with observations. Part E: General relativity and the universe. Part F: Spacetime beyond Einstein.
Springer Handbook of Speech Processing
by M. M. Sondhi Jacob Benesty Yiteng HuangThis handbook plays a fundamental role in sustainable progress in speech research and development. With an accessible format and with accompanying DVD-Rom, it targets three categories of readers: graduate students, professors and active researchers in academia, and engineers in industry who need to understand or implement some specific algorithms for their speech-related products. It is a superb source of application-oriented, authoritative and comprehensive information about these technologies, this work combines the established knowledge derived from research in such fast evolving disciplines as Signal Processing and Communications, Acoustics, Computer Science and Linguistics.
Springer Handbook of Surface Science (Springer Handbooks)
by Mario Rocca Talat S. Rahman Luca VattuoneThis handbook delivers an up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the broad field of surface science, encompassing a range of important materials such metals, semiconductors, insulators, ultrathin films and supported nanoobjects.Over 100 experts from all branches of experiment and theory review in 39 chapters all major aspects of solid-state surfaces, from basic principles to applications, including the latest, ground-breaking research results. Beginning with the fundamental background of kinetics and thermodynamics at surfaces, the handbook leads the reader through the basics of crystallographic structures and electronic properties, to the advanced topics at the forefront of current research. These include but are not limited to novel applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanical devices, plasmonics, carbon films, catalysis, and biology.The handbook is an ideal reference guide and instructional aid for a wide range of physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers active throughout academic and industrial research.
Springer Handbook of Systematic Musicology (Springer Handbooks)
by Rolf BaderThis unique reference book offers a holistic description of the multifaceted field of systematic musicology, which is the study of music, its production and perception, and its cultural, historical and philosophical background. The seven sections reflect the main topics in this interdisciplinary subject. The first two parts discuss musical acoustics and signal processing, comprehensively describing the mathematical and physical fundamentals of musical sound generation and propagation. The complex interplay of physiology and psychology involved in sound and music perception is covered in the following sections, with a particular focus on psychoacoustics and the recently evolved research on embodied music cognition. In addition, a huge variety of technical applications for professional training, music composition and consumer electronics are presented. A section on music ethnology completes this comprehensive handbook. Music theory and philosophy of music are imbedded throughout. Carefully edited and written by internationally respected experts, it is an invaluable reference resource for professionals and graduate students alike.
The Springer Index of Viruses
by Christian Tidona Gholamreza DaraiThe continuous growth of knowledege makes it very difficult for scientists to retrieve comprehensive and accurate data on viruses. The desired information is often dispersed in a variety of books, journals and online resources. This encyclopedia presents the latest facts about all known virus in a standardized form created by hundreds of the world's leading virologists. Virus taxonomy represents the basic framework that allows an understanding of the complex evolutionary process that continuously takes place among viruses and their hosts. Each of the 300 taxonomically ordered chapters includes detailed information on individual genus members, historical events, the hosts they can affect (animal, man or plant), virion morphology, genome properties, replication strategy, properties of individual transcripts and proteins, sequence accession numbers, biological properties, diseases, recombinant vector constructs, vaccine strains, key references, as well as a high-resolution particle image and a drawing of the genome organization. Its high content of easily accessible detail information makes this Encyclopedia an indispensable tool for both researchers and lecturers. The new edition includes the recent discoveries made in this field as well as new viruses which have been discovered.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 3: Radiative Transfer and Light Scattering (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThis book presents a survey of modern theoretical techniques in studies of radiative transfer and light scattering phenomena in turbid media. It offers a comprehensive analysis of polarized radiative transfer, and also discusses advances in planetary spectroscopy as far as aerosol layer height determination is of interest. Further, it describes approximate methods of the radiative transfer equation solution for a special case of strongly scattering media. A separate chapter focuses on optical properties of Black Carbon aggregates.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 4: Light Scattering and Radiative Transfer (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThis book describes recent advances in radiative transfer, atmospheric remote sensing, polarization optics of random media, and light scattering. It is a valuable resource for anyone involved in light scattering research. Providing numerous step-by-step tutorials, it allows readers to quickly learn about various aspects of theoretical and experimental light scattering media optics. The book features among others a chapter on aerosol remote sensing that helps readers to define and solve various aerosol remote sensing problems.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 5: Radiative Transfer, Remote Sensing, and Light Scattering (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThis book reviews the spaceborne and airborne remote sensing of clouds including cloud lidar and radar data analysis, snow and soil reflectance spectroscopy, and single light scattering by nonspherical scatterers. Providing deep insights into the latest technologies, it is a valuable resource for scientists and postgraduate students alike.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 6: Radiative Transfer, Light Scattering, and Remote Sensing (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThis book is aimed at description of recent progress in radiative transfer, atmospheric remote sensing, snow optics, and light scattering. Light scattering/ radiative transfer and atmospheric optics research community will greatly benefit from the publication of this book.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 7: Light Absorption and Scattering in Turbid Media (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThe book aims to the description of recent progress in studies of light absorption and scattering in turbid media. In particular, light scattering/oceanic optics/snow optics research community will greatly benefit from the publication of this book.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 8: Light Polarization and Multiple Scattering in Turbid Media (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThis book is aimed at description of recent progress in studies of multiple and single light scattering in turbid media. Light scattering and radiative transfer research community will greatly benefit from the publication of this book.
Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 9: Electromagnetic Theory of Scattering and Radiative Transfer (Springer Series in Light Scattering)
by Alexander KokhanovskyThe book is aimed at description of recent progress in studies of light extinction, absorption, and scattering in turbid media. In particular, light scattering/oceanic optics/planetary optics research communities are greatly benefit from the publication of this book.
Springwatch: Birdtopia
by Jack BaddamsDid you know that the word 'swansong' comes from an ancient belief that while swans were silent throughout their lives, they sang a beautiful song on their deathbed? Or that a group of skylarks is called an exultation?Over the years, Springwatch has brought us unforgettable moments featuring our feathered friends, from nest cams capturing hatchlings as they emerge from their eggs to red kites soaring majestically in search of prey. Now, delve into the ultimate bird lover's companion, with expert tips on where to find British bird species and how to identify them, alongside avian folklore and favourite stories from the series.Arranged by bird family, Birdtopia includes explanations behind unusual collective nouns for birds - an unkindness of ravens may stem from the nineteenth-century belief that these birds turned their young out of the nest to fend for themselves - descriptions of bird calls, the reasons why birds create beautiful murmuration displays and the top places to spot them.Written by Springwatch naturalist and TikTok and Instagram’s ‘bird guy’ Jack Baddams and beautifully illustrated with line drawings, Birdtopia is the perfect gift for any bird lover.And the best thing about it all? We’re not talking about birds in some far off land, on the other side of the world. These are the ones we can see whenever we step outside our doors. They’re right there, for everyone. Get out and enjoy them!
Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation: Theory and Practice
by V. RavikumarThis textbook is a comprehensive volume on sprinklers and drip irrigation and covers all the basic and fundamentals concepts related to these topics. It is the first book to consider relative-flow-ratio as an evaluation criterion for both sprinkler and drip irrigation designs. It also discusses various types of sprinklers (used for irrigation), their complex layouts, design methodologies, selection criteria explained with practical examples, and their operations and maintenance under different conditions. In addition to operation and maintenance of drip irrigation components, the book also explains the drip irrigation hydraulics and various design aspects and the effect of the same on their performance. It also has one important chapter on Rhizosphere modelling which introduces the state-of-the-art technologies in optimal irrigation and fertigation scheduling. Worked out examples and solved problems in the chapters would aid to learning and understanding of the topic among the students. Given the contents, the book will be extremely useful for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of agriculture engineering, irrigation engineering and civil engineering. This textbook will also be useful for researchers, engineers and professionals working in these areas.
Sprinklers and Smoke Management in Enclosures
by Dalia E.E. Khalil Essam E. KhalilThis book addresses smoke management in enclosures and provides a platform for understanding the principles of smoke propagation and spread, heat release rate, and the effect of sprinklers on suppression. Considering how sprinkler systems have become a vital part of firefighting systems in enclosures, the book evaluates the effect of sprinkler activation on the behavior of fire-induced smoke and the interaction of water particles with the smoke layer. It studies two base case models where the sprinklers’ effect on the fire curve was considered. This base case was assessed with two smoke extraction systems, namely, a ducted system and an impulse ventilation system. By focusing on key elements, such as visibility, ceiling height, and fire curve, the results of the study will be of interest to mechanical engineers, HVAC professionals, and fire safety professionals and investigators. Features Includes case models and scenarios to evaluate real examples from different applications Studies the effect of sprinkler activation on the behavior of fire-induced smoke Explores various factors, such as ceiling height, sprinkler operating pressure, and fire curve Discusses the interaction of water particles with the smoke layer Utilizes Pyrosim software for CFD modeling
Sprouting Wings: The True Story of James Herman Banning, the First African American Pilot to Fly Across the United States
by Louisa Jaggar Shari BeckerThe inspirational and true story of James Herman Banning, the first African American pilot to fly across the country, comes to life in this picture book biography perfect for fans of Hidden Figures and Little Leaders. Includes art from a Coretta Scott King award-winning illustrator.James Herman Banning always dreamed of touching the sky. But how could a farm boy from Oklahoma find a plane? And how would he learn to fly it? None of the other pilots looked like him. Despite the challenges and prejudices that stood in his way, James knew he belonged above the clouds.In a journey that would span 3,300 miles, take twenty-one days, and inspire a nation, James Herman Banning proved that you can't put barriers on dreams. Louisa Jaggar incorporates over seven years of research, including Banning's own writings and an interview with the aviator's great-nephew. She teams up with cowriter Shari Becker and award-winning illustrator Floyd Cooper to capture Banning's historic flight across the United States. "A pathos-filled picture book that celebrates the life of a figure in American history who hasn't been featured often." -School Library Journal, Starred Review
The Spruce Genome (Compendium of Plant Genomes)
by Ilga M. Porth Amanda R. De la TorreThis book offers comprehensive information on the genomics of spruces (Picea spp.), naturally abundant conifer tree species that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Due to their tremendous ecological and economic importance, the management of forest genetic resources has chiefly focused on conservation and tree improvement. A draft genome sequence of the 20-gigabase Norway spruce genome was published in the journal Nature in 2013. Continuous efforts to improve the spruce genome assembly are underway, but are hindered by the inherent characteristics of conifer genomes: high amounts of repetitive sequences (introns and transposable elements) in the genome and large gene family expansions with regards to abiotic stress, secondary metabolism and spruces' defense responses to pathogens and herbivory. This book presents the latest information on the status of genome assemblies, provides detailed insights into transposable elements and methylation patterns, and highlights the extensive genomic resources available for inferring population genomics and climate adaptation, as well as emerging genomics tools for tree improvement programs. In addition, this volume features whole-genome comparisons among conifer species, and demonstrates how functional genomics can be used to improve gene function annotations. The book closes with an outlook on emerging fields of research in spruce genomics.