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Stepped Care 2.0: A Paradigm Shift in Mental Health
by Peter CornishThis book is a primer on Stepped Care 2.0. It is the first book in a series of three. This primer addresses the increased demand for mental health care by supporting stakeholders (help-seekers, providers, and policy-makers) to collaborate in enhancing care outcomes through work that is both more meaningful and sustainable. Our current mental health system is organized to offer highly intensive psychiatric and psychological care. While undoubtedly effective, demand far exceeds the supply for such specialized programming. Many people seeking to improve their mental health do not need psychiatric medication or sophisticated psychotherapy. A typical help seeker needs basic support. For knee pain, a nurse or physician might first recommend icing and resting the knee, working to achieve a healthy weight, and introducing low impact exercise before considering specialist care. Unfortunately, there is no parallel continuum of care for mental health and wellness. As a result, a person seeking the most basic support must line up and wait for the specialist along with those who may have very severe and/or complex needs. Why are there no lower intensity options? One reason is fear and stigma. A thorough assessment by a specialist is considered best practice. After all, what if we miss signs of suicide or potential harm to others? A reasonable question on the surface; however, the premise is flawed. First, the risk of suicide, or threat to others, for those already seeking care, is low. Second, our technical capacity to predict on these threats is virtually nil. Finally, assessment in our current culture of fear tends to focus more on the identification of deficits (as opposed to functional capacities), leading to over-prescription of expensive remedies and lost opportunities for autonomy and self-management. Despite little evidence linking assessment to treatment outcomes, and no evidence supporting our capacity to detect risk for harm, we persist with lengthy intake assessments and automatic specialist referrals that delay care. Before providers and policy makers can feel comfortable letting go of risk assessment, however, they need to understand the forces underlying the risk paradigm that dominates our society and restricts creative solutions for supporting those in need.
Stepped Care 2.0: The Power of Conundrums
by Peter Cornish Gillian BerryStepped Care 2.0: A Paradigm Shift in Mental Health, by Dr Peter Cornish, made a compelling argument for why the existing mental health care system has consistently struggled to meet the needs of clients from all walks of life, and laid out key principles and guidelines for how the system could be changed. But what challenges are involved in putting these ideas into practice? Stepped Care 2.0: The Power of Conundrums features essays, interviews, and arguments from a wide range of contributors who have tried to do just that. The Power of Conundrums dives deep into the practical application of the Stepped Care 2.0 model (SC2.0), looking at the ways SC2.0 has succeeded, the difficulties administrators face when implementing it, and how it could be improved. Chapters touch on topics including: the evidence for stepped care, the way SC2.0 can be stymied by the Western cultural values that dominate mental healthcare, implementation science and SC2.0, the risk paradigm and SC2.0, the model’s one-at-a-time approach to therapy, what co-design means in an SC2.0 context, a case study on how implementing SC2.0 can go wrong, the understanding of recovery put forward by the model, and how SC2.0 can work for clients experiencing complex, persistent, or chronic mental health issues. Each chapter is followed by a reflection from Cornish, and the book concludes with a roundtable discussion about how SC2.0 can evolve to meet the challenges it faces. This text brings theory and practice together by including an updated version of Stepped Care 2.0: A Paradigm Shift in Mental Health, as well as the full text of Stepped Care 2.0: The Power of Conundrums.
Stepping in the Same River Twice: Replication in Biological Research
by Aaron M. Ellison Ayelet Shavit W. John KressAn international team of biologists, philosophers, and historians of science explores the critically important process of replication in biological and biomedical research Without replication, the trustworthiness of scientific research remains in doubt. Although replication is increasingly recognized as a central problem in many scientific disciplines, repeating the same scientific observations of experiments or reproducing the same set of analyses from existing data is remarkably difficult. In this important volume, an international team of biologists, philosophers, and historians of science addresses challenges and solutions for valid replication of research in medicine, ecology, natural history, agriculture, physiology, and computer science. After the introduction to important concepts and historical background, the book offers paired chapters that provide theoretical overviews followed by detailed case studies. These studies range widely in topics, from infectious-diseases and environmental monitoring to museum collections, meta-analysis, bioinformatics, and more. The closing chapters explicate and quantify problems in the case studies, and the volume concludes with important recommendations for best practices.
Stepping Stones to Synthetic Biology (The Frontiers Collection)
by Sergio CarràThis book explores fascinating topics at the edge of life, guiding the reader all the way from the relation of life processes to the second law of thermodynamics and the abundance of complex organic compounds in the universe through to the latest advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. The background to the book is the extraordinary scientific adventures that are being undertaken as progress is made toward the creation of an artificial cell and the control of life processes. This journey involves input from research areas as diverse as genetic engineering, physical chemistry, and information theory. Life is to be thought of not only as a chemical event but also as an information process, with the genome a repository of information gathered over time through evolution. Knowledge of the mechanisms affecting the increase in complexity associated with evolutionary paths is improving, and there appear to be analogies with the evolution of the technologies promoting the development of our society. The book will be of wide interest to students at all levels and to others with an interest in the subject.
Stepping-Stones to the Future of Space Exploration: A Workshop Report
by Aeronautics Space Engineering BoardNASA’s Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) program within the Office of Space Flight has proposed a new framework for space technology and systems development—Advanced Systems, Technology, Research, and Analysis (ASTRA) for future space flight capabilities. To assist in the development of this framework, NASA asked the National Research Council to convene a series of workshops on technology policy issues concerning the relationship of the various stakeholders in advancing human and robotic exploration and development of space. The first workshop, which is the topic of this report, focused on policy issues about the development and demonstration of space technologies. Four policy topics—selected by the project steering committee as the foci of this first workshop—are discussed in the report: the rationale for human and robotic space exploration; technology as a driver for capability transformation; risk mitigation and perception; and international cooperation and competition.
The Steps of the Sun: From the author of The Queen's Gambit – now a major Netflix drama (Gateway Essentials #510)
by Walter TevisA science fiction thriller from the author of THE MAN WHO FELL TO EARTH.'A fine engrossing novel by a master!' Philadelphia EnquirerIn a time when America's power has been eroded by energy depletion, and world control has been virtually given over to the Chinese, only one man has the courage to seek new mineral resources among the stars. He is Ben Belson, one of the richest men in the world, a man haunted by the memory of a loveless childhood and driven by needs and desires he can barely understand or control. His dream is to find the means to help America break the stranglehold of the corrupt interests who are keeping it a second class power.
The Steps of the Sun: From the author of The Queen's Gambit – now a major Netflix drama (Gateway Essentials #510)
by Walter TevisA science fiction thriller from the author of THE MAN WHO FELL TO EARTH.'A fine engrossing novel by a master!' Philadelphia EnquirerIn a time when America's power has been eroded by energy depletion, and world control has been virtually given over to the Chinese, only one man has the courage to seek new mineral resources among the stars. He is Ben Belson, one of the richest men in the world, a man haunted by the memory of a loveless childhood and driven by needs and desires he can barely understand or control. His dream is to find the means to help America break the stranglehold of the corrupt interests who are keeping it a second class power.
Steps to an Ecology of Mind
by Gregory BatesonGregory Bateson was a philosopher, anthropologist, photographer, naturalist, and poet, as well as the husband and collaborator of Margaret Mead. With a new foreword by his daughter Mary Katherine Bateson, this classic anthology of his major work will continue to delight and inform generations of readers. "This collection amounts to a retrospective exhibition of a working life. . . . Bateson has come to this position during a career that carried him not only into anthropology, for which he was first trained, but into psychiatry, genetics, and communication theory. . . . He . . . examines the nature of the mind, seeing it not as a nebulous something, somehow lodged somewhere in the body of each man, but as a network of interactions relating the individual with his society and his species and with the universe at large. "—D. W. Harding, New York Review of Books "[Bateson's] view of the world, of science, of culture, and of man is vast and challenging. His efforts at synthesis are tantalizingly and cryptically suggestive. . . . This is a book we should all read and ponder. "—Roger Keesing, American Anthropologist Gregory Bateson (1904-1980) was the author of Naven and Mind and Nature.
Stepwise Culture of Human Adult Stem Cells (River Publishers Series in Biotechnology and Medical Research)
by Pranela RameshwarThis volume on stepwise techniques to culture adult human stem cells begins with the basic methods to culture adult stem cells followed by related methods to supplement stem cell culture. This and future volumes of techniques will allow laboratories across scientific entities – academic and commercial – to adapt the described methods for similar methods with cells from other species. The standardized techniques will allow across the board interpretation of other technologies such as Omics studies. These methods can be a starting platform for culturing stem cells even in laboratories that might not be familiar with the techniques. Scientific and early clinical trials strongly favor the development of translational studies with adult stem cells. A major impediment to progress in the field of regenerative medicine is a lack of standardized methods to culture specific stem cells. Such documented methods would allow for scientific rigor and reproducibility to enhance efficient and safe translation of stem cells to patients. This book fills that gap.
Stereochemistry and Stereoselective Synthesis: An Introduction
by László Poppe Zoltán Boros József Nagy Mihály Nógrádi Gábor HornyánszkyWritten by a well-respected and experienced author, this textbook fills the gap for a concise introduction to the key concepts of organic stereochemistry and the most important classical and modern methods in stereoselective synthesis. The concepts are extensively illustrated in color, with practical examples and question-answer sets to help consolidate the reader's knowledge. In addition, animations are available from the Wiley website. A must-have for students in chemistry, biochemistry, and life sciences, as well as researchers in pharmaceutical and agrochemical companies in need of a quick introduction to the field.
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds
by V.K. AhluwaliaThis textbook provides a simple approach to understand the various complex aspects of stereochemistry. It deals with basic static stereochemistry and gives an overview of the different isomeric forms and nomenclatures. With simple writing style and many examples, this book covers the topics such as stereochemistry of hydrocarbons, alkenes, cycloalkenes, optically active compounds, trivalent carbon, fused, bridged and caged rings and related compounds. This textbook also covers the additional topics such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, steroechemistry of elimination reactions, substitution reactions, rearrangement reactions and pericyclic reactions. The book includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter problems and key concepts to help students in self-learning. The textbook is extremely useful for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing course in chemistry, especially organic chemistry. Besides, this book will also be a useful reference book for professionals working in various chemical industries, biotechnology, bioscience and pharmacy.
Stereoelectronic Effects: A Bridge Between Structure and Reactivity
by Igor V. AlabuginStereoelectronic Effects illustrates the utility of stereoelectronic concepts using structure and reactivity of organic molecules. This advanced textbook provides an up-to-date overview of the field, starting from the fundamental principles and presenting a large selection of modern examples of stereoelectronic effects in organic reactivity. Modern theoretical concepts are described in an accessible manner for students and experimentalists working in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials science; the background/concept part of the book is based on a wealth of computational and theoretical work but the mathematics behind the concepts is distilled in a general non-technical discussion of the role of stereoelectronic effects in chemistry. Topics covered include: * Effects of orbital overlap on reactivity * Experimental and theoretical approaches for studies of stereoelectronic effects * The fundamentals of stereoelectronic effects * Hyperconjugative stereoelectronic effects * Transition state stabilization * Remote stereoelectronic effects * Practical applciations of stereoelectronic effects in asymmetric catalysis, photochemical processes, bioorganic chemistry and biochemistry, inorganic and organometallic reactivity, supramolecular chemistry and materials science. The aim of this book is to make life easier for students of organic chemistry and practicing organic chemists by providing them with a concise set of rules which govern interactions between molecules and between functional groups in molecules. These rules will offer a unifying framework for the understanding of molecular structure and reactivity.
Stereophonica: Sound and Space in Science, Technology, and the Arts
by Gascia OuzounianEpisodes in the transformation of our understanding of sound and space, from binaural listening in the nineteenth century to contemporary sound art.The relationship between sound and space has become central to both creative practices in music and sound art and contemporary scholarship on sound. Entire subfields have emerged in connection to the spatial aspects of sound, from spatial audio and sound installation to acoustic ecology and soundscape studies. But how did our understanding of sound become spatial? In Stereophonica, Gascia Ouzounian examines a series of historical episodes that transformed ideas of sound and space, from the advent of stereo technologies in the nineteenth century to visual representations of sonic environments today.Developing a uniquely interdisciplinary perspective, Ouzounian draws on both the history of science and technology and the history of music and sound art. She investigates the binaural apparatus that allowed nineteenth-century listeners to observe sound in three dimensions; examines the development of military technologies for sound location during World War I; revisits experiments in stereo sound at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1930s; and considers the creation of "optimized acoustical environments" for theaters and factories. She explores the development of multichannel "spatial music" in the 1950s and sound installation art in the 1960s; analyzes the mapping of soundscapes; and investigates contemporary approaches to sonic urbanism, sonic practices that reimagine urban environments through sound.Rich in detail but accessible and engaging, and generously illustrated with photographs, drawings, maps, and diagrams of devices and artworks, Stereophonica brings an acute, imaginative, and much-needed historical sensibility to the growing literature around sound and space.
Stereoselective Alkene Synthesis
by Jianbo WangStereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Torquoselectivity-Controlled Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds with Ynolates, by Mitsuru Shindo and Kenji Matsumoto.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-Alkenes, by Woon-Yew Siau, Yao Zhang and Yu Zhao.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Mono-fluoroalkenes, by Shoji Hara.- Recent Advances in Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes, by Michael De Paolis, Isabelle Chataigner and Jacques Maddaluno.- Selective Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds via Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Reagents, by Yang Hu and X. Peter Zhang.- Selective Alkene Metathesis in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Product, by Xiaoguang Lei and Houhua Li.- Olefination Reactions of Phosphorus-Stabilized Carbon Nucleophiles, by Yonghong Gu and Shi-Kai Tian.- Alkene Synthesis Through Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones, by Yan Zhang and Jianbo Wang.
Stereoselective Desymmetrization Methods in the Assembly of Complex Natural Molecules
by Robert. J SharpeThis thesis describes the inception, design, and implementation of stereoselective desymmetrization reactions in the total synthesis of the natural products pactamycin and paspaline. In the case of pactamycin, the author develops a novel asymmetric Mannich reaction and symmetry-breaking reduction strategy to enable facile construction of the complex core architecture in fifteen steps using commercially available materials - the shortest synthesis to date. He subsequently demonstrates the flexibility of this approach in SAR investigations by highlighting the preparation of twenty-five unique pactamycin structural congeners. For paspaline, the author develops a biocatalytic desymmetrization strategy that allows the highly controlled synthesis of core stereochemistry and provides a platform for the development of new conceptual disconnections in the synthesis of "steroid-like" natural products. This thesis offers a valuable resource for students embarking on a PhD in total synthesis.
Stereoselective Formation of Amines
by Wei Li Xumu ZhangEach review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Stereoselective Heterocycle Synthesis via Alkene Difunctionalization
by David A. PetroneThis book investigates the use of palladium modified by bulky ligands as catalysts for new chemical transformations that rapidly assemble several classes of complex heterocyles. It documents the development of new chemical reactions involving carbon–carbon (C‒C) and carbon–halogen (C‒X) bond formation in the context of alkene difunctionalization and dearomatization reactions. Due to the ubiquity of heterocycles in bioactive natural products and life-improving pharmaceutical treatments, a long-term goal for synthetic organic chemists has been to develop novel and creative heterocycle syntheses that illicit a high degree of product diversity and are characterized by mild reaction conditions and limited waste production. A considerable fraction of leading pharmaceutical drugs contain at least one heterocycle within their chemical structure, and their prevalence in these technologies is strong evidence that the fundamental curiosities of organic chemistry lead to real-world solutions for the health and wellness of the global population.
Stereoselective Multiple Bond-Forming Transformations in Organic Synthesis
by Dieter Enders Jean Rodriguez Damien BonneCombining the important research topic of multiple bond-forming transformations with green chemistry, this book helps chemists identify recent sustainable stereoselective synthetic sequences. * Combines the important research topic of multiple bond-forming transformations with green chemistry and sustainable development * Offers a valuable resource for preparing compounds with multiple stereogenic centers, an important field for synthetic chemists * Organizes chapters by molecular structure of final products, making for a handbook-style resource * Discusses applications of the synthesis of natural products and of drug intermediates * Brings together otherwise-scattered information about a number of key, efficient chemical reactions
Stereoselective Organocatalysis: Bond Formation Methodologies and Activation Modes
by Ramon Rios TorresSets forth an important group of environmentally friendly organic reactions With contributions from leading international experts in organic synthesis, this book presents all the most important methodologies for stereoselective organocatalysis, fully examining both the activation mode as well as the type of bond formed. Clear explanations guide researchers through all the most important methods used to form key chemical bonds, including carbon-carbon (C–C), carbon-nitrogen (C–N), and carbon-halogen (C–X) bonds. Moreover, readers will discover how the use of non-metallic catalysts facilitates a broad range of important reactions that are environmentally friendly and fully meet the standards of green chemistry. Stereoselective Organocatalysis begins with an historical overview and a review of activation modes in asymmetric organocatalysis. The next group of chapters is organized by bond type, making it easy to find bonds according to their applications. The first of these chapters takes a detailed look at the many routes to C–C bond formation. Next, the book covers: Organocatalytic C–N bond formation C–O bond formation C–X bond formation C–S, C–Se, and C–B bond formation Enantioselective organocatalytic reductions Cascade reactions forming both C–C bonds and C–heteroatom bonds The final chapter is devoted to the use of organocatalysis for the synthesis of natural products. All the chapters in the book are extensively referenced, serving as a gateway to the growing body of original research reports and reviews in the field. Based on the most recent findings and practices in organic synthesis, Stereoselective Organocatalysis equips synthetic chemists with a group of organocatalytic reactions that will help them design green reactions and overcome many challenges in organic synthesis.
Stereoselective Syntheses of Tetrahydropyrans
by Kiyoun LeeIn his thesis, Kiyoun Lee describes his studies into tandem and organocatalytic oxa-conjugate addition reactions for the synthesis of complex tetrahydropyrans (THP). Readers gain insight into the new methods Lee employs for the synthesis of biologically interesting natural products including (+)-leucascandrolide A, (+)-dactylolide, and (±)diospongin A. The reactions Lee investigates are applicable to a broad range of substrates and proceed with excellent stereoselectivity. Moreover, the methodologies allow the synthesis of a wide range of THP-containing compounds. The development of reactions, such as those discussed by Lee, has the potential to impact natural product synthesis, pharmaceutical development and chemical biology.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Principles and Practices
by Yasushi NagataThe second edition of the well-received book updates the knowledge of clinical treatment, radiobiology, physics, and instrumentations to provide a comprehensive description of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Clinical aspects include indications and prescriptions for diseases treated with SBRT and clinical trial details. The chapters associated with physics cover quality assurance, patient immobilization devices, respiratory motion management, and treatment planning. It also illustrates the latest devices and provides know-how for safe and reliable treatment that differs from conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. In this second edition, the future of SBRT using artificial intelligence in the post-COVID-19 world also discussed. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy 2nd Edition - Principles and Practices enrich the readers' understanding of patient-friendly cancer care. Radiation oncologists, medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation therapists, senior nurses, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists interested in radiotherapy will benefit from this practical guide. Since the last edition, there has been significant progress in the field, and the book renews the facts and evidence based on cutting-edge research.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
by Bin S. Teh Jiade J. Lu Simon S. Lo Tracey E. SchefterStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Meningiomas
by Michele Longhi Enrico D. F. Motti Antonio Nicolato Piero PicozziMeningiomas are the most frequently reported neuro-oncologic condition, accounting for 12% to 30% of all primary intracranial tumors. The first case of intracranial meningioma treated with stereotactic radiosurgery was reported by Backlund E-O in 1971. Since then, more than 200,000 meningiomas have been treated with stereotactic radiosurgery worldwide to date. The large number of patients treated using this method is due to the fact that meningiomas are frequently located in critical areas and microsurgery is often associated with severe and permanent neurological complications.This book discusses the advantages, risks and limits of stereotactic radiosurgery relating to all regions of interest for a neuroradiosurgical approach for the treatment of central nervous system meningiomas. Firstly, it presents an introduction focusing on the “state of the art”. It then discusses the physics, imaging, neurological and neuro-oncological issues in multidisciplinary management. Lastly, it features a summary of results, including the most recent published papers regarding all the locations involved in the stereotactic radiosurgery treatment as well as new approaches to meningiomas, with particular reference to the hypofrationated treatments. Intended for anyone involved in the neuroradiosurgical treatment of brain diseases, the book provides an up-to-date overview of the latest stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of central nervous system meningiomas.
Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare
by Georgia Mason Jeffrey RushenAbnormal behavior patterns, from the jumping and somersaulting of caged laboratory mice to the pacing of enclosed 'big cats', are displayed by many millions of farm, zoo, research and companion animals. Including new chapters and over 30 contributors, this book focuses on the causation and treatment of these environment-induced stereotypic behaviors, and their implications for animal welfare and normalcy of brain functioning. The book begins by taking an ethological perspective, focusing on the constraints captivity places on animals' normal behavioral repertoires, and the effects these have on specific motivational systems. It then addresses the role of dysfunction, particularly the impact of chronic stress and impoverished environments on brain functioning. The book then moves on to explore how stereotypic behaviors can be tackled, once they have emerged, using diverse techniques from environmental enrichment to pharmaceutical intervention. It concludes by giving a new definition for 'stereotypic behavior', and a discussion of future research directions.
Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in Organic Chemistry
by Veejendra K. YadavThe steric and stereoelectronic effects control the rate and stereochemical outcome of reactions. Hence, a decent understanding of the related concepts is essential for successful synthetic planning. The book attempts to address several important issues related to these concepts in a simplified manner, and is intended for graduate students. It lays stress on the important aspects of steric and stereoelectronic effects and their control on the conformational profile and reactivity features. The book covers the geometrical requirements for reactions at saturated and unsaturated carbons in both cyclic and acyclic systems, and the resultant stereochemical features. The aspect of geometrical flexibility is also covered with a few examples involving intramolecular reactions. It deals with the facial selectivity of nucleophilic additions to acyclic and cyclic carbonyl compounds, and explains how the steric and stereoelectronic effects control the same. The work comments on allylic strains and their stereochemical control on different reactions with the related conformational control. It is a must read to understand the control elements, the prominent among these elements are spiro-conjugation, periselectivity, torquoselectivity, a-effect, Hammett's substituent constants, Hammond postulate, and Curtin-Hammett principle.