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Structured Reporting in Radiology (Imaging Informatics for Healthcare Professionals)
by Mansoor Fatehi Daniel Pinto dos SantosThis book provides practitioners and scientists with insights into diverse aspects of structured reporting to allow them to develop tools and a knowledge base to ensure that this electronic reporting trend is widely applied. After an introduction to reporting in radiology, various parts of structured reporting are discussed in detail, including an overview of standardized reporting systems, standardized reporting language, DICOM structured reporting, template based structured reporting, and modular reporting. The last chapter addresses the interaction of structured reporting with artificial intelligence and its impact on the future of radiology. The last chapter addresses the interaction of structured reporting with artificial intelligence and its impact on the future of radiology. Endorsed by the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics (EuSoMII), the scope of the book is based on the Medical Imaging Informatics sub-sections of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) European Training Curriculum Level I and II. It is a valuable resource for residents, radiologists and students.
Structured Singular Light Fields (Springer Theses)
by Eileen OtteStructured singular light is an ubiquitous phenomenon. It is not only created when light refracts at a water surface but can also be found in the blue daytime sky. Such light fields include a spatially varying amplitude, phase, or polarization, enabling the occurrence of optical singularities. As structurally stable units of the light field, these singularities are particularly interesting since they determine its topology. In this excellent book, the author presents a pioneering study of structured singular light, thereby contributing many original approaches. Especially in the field of polarization and its rich number of different types of singularities the book defines and drives a completely new field. The work demonstrates how to control complex polarization singularity networks and their propagation. Additionally, the author pioneers tightly focusing vectorial beams, also developing an urgently needed detection scheme for three-dimensional nanoscale polarization structures. She also studies classical spatial entanglement using structured light, introducing entanglement beating and paraxial spin-orbit-coupling. The book is hallmarked by its comprehensive and thorough way of describing a plethora of different approaches to structure light by amplitude, phase and polarization, as well as the important role of optical singularities.
Structures: Graphical Statics and Analysis
by Edmond SaliklisGraphic methods for structural design essentially translate problems of algebra into geometric representations, allowing solutions to be reached using geometric construction (ie: drawing pictures) instead of tedious and error-prone arithmetic. This was the common method before the invention of calculators and computers, but had been largely abandoned in the last half century in favor of numerical techniques. However, in recent years the convenience and ease of graphic statics has made a comeback in architecture and engineering. Several professors have begun using graphic statics in the classroom.and.studio environment. But until now, there had been no guidebook that rapidly brings students up to speed on the fundamentals of how to create graphical solutions to statics problems.Graphic Statics introduces all of the traditional graphic statics techniques in a parametric drawing format, using the free program GeoGebra. Then, advanced topics such as indeterminate beams and three dimensional curved surfaces are be covered. Along the way, links to wider design ideas are introduced in a succinct summary of the steps needed to create elegant solutions to many staticequilibrium problems.Meant for students in civil and architectural engineering, architecture,and construction, this practical introduction will also be useful to professionals looking to add the power of graphic statics to their work.
Structures and Dynamics of Interfacial Water (Springer Theses)
by Duanyun CaoThis thesis highlights the study into the structures and dynamics of interfacial water, which is a cutting edge issue in condensed matter physics. Using the first principles calculation, classical molecular dynamics simulation and the simulation of atomic force microscopy (AFM), combined with the experimental results of AFM, the book systematically studies interfacial water at the atomic scale, especially the structure and growth mechanism of two-dimensional ice on hydrophobic Au (111) surface, the structure and the interconversion of the Eigen/Zundel hydrated proton on the Au(111) and Pt(111) surfaces, the microstructure and the hydration effect of the diffusion of ion hydrates on NaCl surface. This book displays the atomic scale information about the interaction between water and surface, and achieves many innovative results. Furthermore, the research methods included in this book can be further extended to study the more complex interfacial systems.
Structures and Dynamics of Interfacial Water: Input from Theoretical Vibrational Sum-frequency Spectroscopy (Springer Theses)
by Fujie TangThis book focuses on the study of the interfacial water using molecular dynamics simulation and experimental sum frequency generation spectroscopy. It proposes a new definition of the free O-H groups at water-air interface and presents research on the structure and dynamics of these groups. Furthermore, it discusses the exponential decay nature of the orientation distribution of the free O-H groups of interfacial water and ascribes the origin of the down pointing free O-H groups to the presence of capillary waves on the surface. It also describes how, based on this new definition, a maximum surface H-bond density of around 200 K at ice surface was found, as the maximum results from two competing effects. Lastly, the book discusses the absorption of water molecules at the water–TiO2 interface. Providing insights into the combination of molecular dynamics simulation and experimental sum frequency generation spectroscopy, it is a valuable resource for researchers in the field.
Structures and Functions of Retroviral RNAs: The Multiple Facets of the Retroviral Genome
by Philippe FosseOne family of viruses is responsible for the infection of many species of vertebrates. These are the retroviruses whose genomic RNA is used to support genetic information and ensures many essential functions that are required for the formation of an infectious viral particle. These functions depend on structures formed by the folding of the genomic RNA. Structures and Functions of Retroviral RNAs describes the formation of these structures and their specific interactions with nucleic acids and proteins. In light of recent advances in molecular virology, it provides an understanding of the various facets of the retroviral genome. It emphasizes in particular that the study of the structure–function relationship of retroviral RNAs is a driving force behind increased research into HIV-1, the main causal agent of AIDS. Indeed, one of the challenges of pharmacology lies in the exploitation of several targets which allow us to anticipate and stem the emergence of resistance to anti-HIV drugs. The book also presents structures and interactions that may be potential future targets in this regard.
Structures and Interactions of Ionic Liquids
by Suojiang Zhang Jianji Wang Xingmei Lu Qing ZhouStructures, Bonding and Hydrogen Bonds, by Kun Dong, Qian Wang, Xingmei Lu, Suojiang Zhang Aggregation in System of Ionic Liquids, by Jianji Wang, Huiyong Wang Dissolution of Biomass Using Ionic Liquids, by Hui Wang, Gabriela Gurau, Robin D. Rogers Effect of the Structures of Ionic Liquids on Their Physical-Chemical Properties, by Yu-Feng Hu, Xiao-Ming Peng Microstructure study of Ionic liquids by spectroscopy, by Haoran Li Structures and Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids, by Tiancheng Mu, Buxing Han
Structures and Organelles in Pathogenic Protists
by W. De SouzaParasitic protozoa, including some which are agents of human and veterinary diseases, display special cytoplasmic structures and organelles. Metabolic pathways have been discovered in these organelles which open up new possibilities for drug targets. This work presents reviews dealing with cytoskeletal structures such as the mastigont system found in trichomonads, the sub-pellicular microtubules in trypanosomatids and the paraflagellar rod. Further chapters cover structures involved in the synthesis, secretion and uptake of molecules, including the flagellar pocket of trypanosomatids, the reservosome of Trypanosoma and the megasome found in Leishmania, the traffic of vesicles in Entamoeba histolytica, secretory organelles and the secretory events of intestinal parasites during encystation. Reviews on special organelles, such as the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, the apicoplast found in Apicomplexa, the glycosomes in Kinetoplastida and the acidocalcisomes found in several protozoa complete the volume.
Structures for Nuclear Facilities
by M.Y.H. BangashThis book provides a general introduction to the topic of buildings for resistance to the effects of abnormal loadings. The structural design requirements for nuclear facilities are very unique. In no other structural system are extreme loads such as tornadoes, missile and loud interaction, earthquake effects typical in excess of any recorded historical data at a site, and postulated system accident at very low probability range explicitly, considered in design. It covers the whole spectrum of extreme load which has to be considered in the structural design of nuclear facilities and reactor buildings, the safety criteria, the structural design, the analysis of containment. Test case studies are given in a comprehensive treatment. Each major section contains a full explanation which allows the book to be used by students and practicing engineers, particularly those facing formidable task of having to design complicated building structures with unusual boundary conditions.
Structures of Complexity: A Morphology of Recognition and Explanation
by Rupert RiedlIn this book, the author Rupert Riedl investigates the structural and functional correlations of issues considered as "complex". He brilliantly analyzes the definition of complexity, the occurrence of complexity, the meaning of complexity, and last-but-not-least the way complexity is dealt with professionally.In recent years, our view of the world has been split into ever smaller segments – in part due to the increasing importance of the natural sciences and their associated analytical power. This calls for once again focusing on complexity and the holistic aspects, on interdisciplinary and synoptic approaches. This book is a translation of the original German version “Strukturen der Komplexität”, which was published in 2000. The discussion of complexity from the perspective of a biologist has long been overdue when it was published and is still up-to-date.
Structures of Life (FOSS Science Resources)
by Delta Education<p>FOSS Science Resources is a book of original readings developed to accompany each module. The readings are referred to as articles in the Investigations Guide. Students read the articles in the book as they progress through the module. <p>The articles cover a specific concept usually after that concept has been introduced in an active investigation. The articles in FOSS Science Resources and the discussion questions provided in the Investigations Guide help students make connections to the science concepts introduced and explored during the active investigations. Concept development is most effective when students are allowed to experience organisms, objects, and phenomena firsthand before engaging the concepts in text. The text and illustrations help make connections between what students. </p>
Structures of Life
by Lawrence Hall of Science University of California at BerkeleyNIMAC-sourced textbook
Structures of Life
by Lawrence Hall of Science University of California at BerkeleyNIMAC-sourced textbook
Structuring the Self (New Directions in Philosophy and Cognitive Science)
by Majid Davoody BeniThis book presents a unified account of the self, based on a network of knowledge sourced from several scientific accounts of selfhood. Beni constructs his ontological account of the self from the common structure that underpins the theoretical diversity that is manifested in rival and sometimes incompatible scientific accounts of the self and its aspects. The enterprise is inspired by recent structural realist theories in the philosophy of science, specifying the basic structure of the self, and explaining how representational, phenomenal, and social aspects of the self are embodied within this structure.
The Struggle for Existence: A Classic of Mathematical Biology and Ecology (Dover Books on Biology)
by G. F. GauseThis work by Russian microbiologist G. F. Gause broke ground for all subsequent research in the biomathematics of populations. Gause's work is essential in giving modern science its grasp of the complexities of population competition; it depicts a microcosm of the process at work on a larger scale throughout the biosphere, and it provides readers with the means for the process's quantitative evaluation. Starting with an exploration of the struggle for existence in nature, Gause summarizes the theoretical and experimental work that preceded his own. A discussion of the tools of mathematical biology follows, deriving formulas for the measurement of such basic concepts as potential population increase, population saturation, environmental resistance, and the intensity of the struggle for existence. Gause then reports in depth on his own experimental work and his conclusions: that the periodic expansions and contractions of populations are dependent upon the introduction of new variables and are not an inherent property of the predator-prey relationship. Easily understood by anyone acquainted with higher mathematics, this book constitutes essential reading for modern students of population dynamics.
The Struggle for Maize: Campesinos, Workers, and Transgenic Corn in the Mexican Countryside
by Elizabeth FittingWhen scientists discovered transgenes in local Mexican corn varieties in 2001, their findings intensified a debate about not only the import of genetically modified (GM) maize into Mexico but also the fate of the peasantry under neoliberal globalization. While the controversy initially focused on the extent to which gene flow from transgenic to local varieties threatens maize biodiversity, anti-GM activists emphasized the cultural significance of the crop in Mexico and demanded that campesinos and consumers have a voice in the creation of GM maize and rural policies. In The Struggle for Maize, Elizabeth Fitting explores the competing claims of the GM corn debate in relation to the livelihood struggles of small-scale maize producers, migrants, and maquiladora workers from the southern Tehuacn Valley. She argues that the region's biodiversity is affected by state policies that seek to transform campesinos into entrepreneurs and rural residents into transnational migrant laborers. While corn production and a campesino identity remain important to an older generation, younger residents have little knowledge of or interest in maize agriculture; they seek out wage labor in maquiladoras and the United States. Fitting's ethnography illustrates how agricultural producers and their families respond creatively to economic hardship and Mexico's "neoliberal corn regime," which promotes market liberalization, agricultural "efficiency," and the reduction of state services over domestic maize production and food sovereignty.
The Struggle for Sustainability in Rural China: Environmental Values and Civil Society
by Bryan TiltThough China's economy is projected to become the world's largest within the next twenty years, industrial pollution threatens both the health of the country's citizens and the natural resources on which their economy depends. Capturing the consequences of this reality, Bryan Tilt conducts an in-depth, ethnographic study of Futian Township, a rural community reeling from pollution. The industrial township is located in the populous southwestern province of Sichuan. Three local factories-a zinc smelter, a coking plant, and a coal-washing plant-produce air and water pollution that far exceeds the standards set by the World Health Organization and China's Ministry of Environmental Protection. Interviewing state and company officials, factory workers, farmers, and scientists, Tilt shows how residents cope with this pollution and how they view its effects on health and economic growth. Striking at the heart of the community's environmental values, he explores the intersection between civil society and environmental policy, weighing the tradeoffs between protection and economic growth. Tilt ultimately finds that the residents are quite concerned about pollution, and he investigates the various strategies they use to fight it. His study unravels the complexity of sustainable development within a rapidly changing nation.
The Struggle of Parts
by Wilhelm RouxA landmark work of nineteenth-century developmental and evolutionary biology that takes the Darwinian struggle for existence into the organism itself.Though he is remembered primarily as a pioneer of experimental embryology, Wilhelm Roux was also a groundbreaking evolutionary theorist. Years before his research on chicken and frog embryos cemented his legacy as an experimentalist, Roux endorsed the radical idea that a “struggle for existence” within organisms—between organs, tissues, cells, and even subcellular components—drives individual development.Convinced that external competition between individuals is inadequate to explain the exquisite functionality of bodily parts, Roux aimed to uncover the mechanistic principles underlying self-organization. The Struggle of Parts was his attempt to provide such a theory. Combining elements of Darwinian selection and Lamarckian inheritance of acquired characteristics, the work advanced a materialist explanation of how “purposiveness” within the organism arises as the body’s components compete for space and nourishment. The result, according to Charles Darwin, was “the most important book on evolution which has appeared for some time.”Translated into English for the first time by evolutionary biologist David Haig and Richard Bondi, The Struggle of Parts represents an important forgotten chapter in the history of developmental and evolutionary theory.
Strukturdynamik
by Robert Liebich Klaus Knothe Robert GaschDas Buch behandelt diskrete schwingungsfähige Systeme und beschreibt Analyseverfahren und Algorithmen zur Aufstellung von Bewegungsdifferentialgleichungen allgemeiner linearer Mehrkörpersysteme. Die Neuauflage vereint die Bände "Strukturdynamik I und II" (Gasch/Knothe) und legt im Bereich der numerischen Behandlung von Schwingungssystemen den Schwerpunkt auf die industrielle Anwendung. Das Buch wurde als Lehrbuch für Hochschulen und Fachhochschulen konzipiert, eignet sich aber auch zum Selbststudium für Ingenieure in Forschung und Industrie.
Strukturgleichungsmodellierung: Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung in die Kausalanalyse mit Hilfe von AMOS, SmartPLS und SPSS
by Rolf Weiber Marko SarstedtStrukturgleichungsmodelle stellen das Standardinstrument zur empirischen Prüfung von hypothetisierten Beziehungen zwischen theoretischen Konstrukten (latenten Variablen) dar. Das Buch zeichnet den gesamten Prozess der Strukturgleichungsmodellierung von der Konzeptualisierung theoretischer Konstrukte über die Spezifikation von Messmodellen, die Reliabilitäts- und Validitätsprüfung mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse bis hin zur Prüfung von kausalen Wirkungshypothesen auf Basis der Kovarianzstrukturanalyse sowie der Partial Least Squares-Pfadmodellierung nach.Die einzelnen Analysen werden so erläutert, dass geringstmögliche mathematische Vorkenntnisse erforderlich sind. Alle Arbeitsschritte werden an einem durchgehenden Fallbeispiel unter Verwendung von SPSS, AMOS und SmartPLS veranschaulicht. Zu allen Arbeitsschritten werden klare Anwendungsempfehlungen sowie Hinweise zum Umgang mit unerwarteten Analyseergebnissen gegeben. Die Verwendung der jeweiligen Software wird ausführlich durch Screenshots erläutert. Für die 3. Auflage wurde das Buch umfassend überarbeitet, um die jüngsten methodischen Entwicklungen abzudecken. Besonderer Fokus wurde auf die Ausführungen zur PLS-Pfadmodellierung und Darstellung alternativer Schätzverfahren der Kausalanalyse gelegt. Das Angebot wurde zudem um digitale Lernkarten (Flashcards) erweitert, welche es dem Leser ermöglichen, das Wissen aus dem Buch zu vertiefen.Die ZielgruppenDas Buch richtet sich an Studierende und Lehrende in Master- und Doktorandenprogrammen sowie an Anwender aus der Unternehmens- und insbesondere Marktforschungspraxis. Es ist von besonderem Nutzen für alle, die Wirkungshypothesen zwischen latenten Variablen empirisch prüfen möchten. Das Fallbeispiel ist so allgemein gehalten, dass der Anwender die Analysen leicht auf spezifische Fragen und Probleme in seinen jeweiligen Anwendungsfeldern übertragen kann.Über die Internetseite www.strukturgleichungsmodellierung.de haben die Leserinnen und Leser Zugriff auf alle im Buch verwendeten Datensätze und Analyseskripte sowie weitere Serviceleistungen.
Strung Together: The Cultural Currency of String Theory as a Scientific Imaginary
by Sean MillerIn Strung Together: The Cultural Currency of String Theory as a Scientific Imaginary, Sean Miller examines the cultural currency of string theory, both as part of scientific discourse and beyond it. He demonstrates that the imaginative component of string theory is both integral and indispensable to it as a scientific discourse. While mathematical arguments provide precise prompts for physical intervention in the world, the imaginary that supplements mathematical argument within string theory technical discourse allows theorists to imagine themselves interacting with the cosmos as an abstract space in such a way that strings and branes as phenomena become substantiated and legitimized. And it is precisely this sort of imaginary--which Miller calls a scientific imaginary--duly substantiated and acculturated, that survives the move from string theory technical discourse to popularizations and ultimately to popular and literary discourses. In effect, a string theory imaginary legitimizes the science itself and helps to facilitate a virtual domestication of a cosmos that was heretofore remote, alien, and incomprehensible.
Struttura e Dinamica delle Stelle Compatte
by Omar BenharQuesto libro si propone di fornire un'introduzione, allo stesso tempo accessibile e completa, alle stelle compatte. Dopo una prima parte dedicata alla fisica delle nane bianche, nella parte centrale del volume vengono analizzate la struttura e la dinamica delle stelle di neutroni. Particolare attenzione è rivolta ai modelli utilizzati per la descrizione della materia stellare a livello microscopico. Questi modelli sono altamente multidisciplinari, in quanto abbracciano campi di ricerca che vanno dalla fisica nucleare e delle particelle elementari alla fisica della materia condensata all'astrofisica. Tutti gli argomenti sono trattati con un approccio pedagogico, facendo riferimento allo sviluppo storico delle osservazioni astronomiche e degli studi teorici. Ampio spazio è dedicato alla discussione dell'impatto dei risultati sperimentali più recenti, come la rivelazione di onde gravitazionali, e dei dati senza precedenti che saranno disponibili nella nascente era dell'astronomia multimessaggera. Questo volume vuole offrire agli studenti di dottorato in fisica ed astrofisica delle solide basi per la loro futura carriera scientifica. I ricercatori già impegnati nei campi della fisica nucleare e delle particelle, così come nell'astrofisica a nella fisica gravitazionale, lo troveranno un utile strumento di consultazione.
A Stubbornly Persistent Illusion: The Essential Scientific Works of Albert Einstein
by Stephen HawkingBest-selling author and physicist Stephen Hawking assembles the most groundbreaking works by Albert Einstein together into one volume. From the text that revealed the famous "Theory of Relativity”-renowned as the most important scientific discovery of the 20th Century-to his significant works on quantum theory, statistical mechanics, and the photoelectric effect, here are the writings that changed physics, and subsequently, the way we view the world. Einstein also thought deeply on both political issues and religious thought, so many of Einstein’s philosophical essays are included. Hawking provides introductions to each work, which provides both historical and scientific perspective. From the papers that shaped modern scientific thought to Einstein’s later musings on his landmark findings, A Stubbornly Persistent Illusion is a collection of Einstein’s most important work, with commentary from our greatest living physicist.
Stuck in the Game
by Christopher KeeneNoah promised himself he would never play the world&’s most popular MMORPG—the Dream State. He&’d already lost too many friends to the addictive virtual world. But after a devastating car crash leaves Noah paralyzed, he&’s forced inside the game. The Dream State not only provides a connection with the outside world but also keeps his brain awake long enough for his body to heal. Dying in the game, however, could send Noah into a coma forever. To stay safe, he must remain in the lower levels, far away from the most dangerous monsters and players. Meanwhile, doctors grow concerned when Noah&’s girlfriend, Sue—who also sustained serious injuries in the crash—seemingly fails to connect to the game. When a mysterious avatar suggests to Noah that the last remnants of Sue&’s consciousness are being held prisoner in the highest level, Noah decides to risk everything to save her. Leaving the safety of the lower levels, Noah rises through the ranks and enters the most dangerous part of the game, allying with high-level players and unearthing clues to a sinister plot along the way. Now top players from across the world are hunting him. With his life on the line, can Noah save Sue and uncover the mystery?