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Steps to an Ecology of Mind
by Gregory BatesonGregory Bateson was a philosopher, anthropologist, photographer, naturalist, and poet, as well as the husband and collaborator of Margaret Mead. With a new foreword by his daughter Mary Katherine Bateson, this classic anthology of his major work will continue to delight and inform generations of readers. "This collection amounts to a retrospective exhibition of a working life. . . . Bateson has come to this position during a career that carried him not only into anthropology, for which he was first trained, but into psychiatry, genetics, and communication theory. . . . He . . . examines the nature of the mind, seeing it not as a nebulous something, somehow lodged somewhere in the body of each man, but as a network of interactions relating the individual with his society and his species and with the universe at large. "—D. W. Harding, New York Review of Books "[Bateson's] view of the world, of science, of culture, and of man is vast and challenging. His efforts at synthesis are tantalizingly and cryptically suggestive. . . . This is a book we should all read and ponder. "—Roger Keesing, American Anthropologist Gregory Bateson (1904-1980) was the author of Naven and Mind and Nature.
Stepwise Culture of Human Adult Stem Cells (River Publishers Series in Biotechnology and Medical Research)
by Pranela RameshwarThis volume on stepwise techniques to culture adult human stem cells begins with the basic methods to culture adult stem cells followed by related methods to supplement stem cell culture. This and future volumes of techniques will allow laboratories across scientific entities – academic and commercial – to adapt the described methods for similar methods with cells from other species. The standardized techniques will allow across the board interpretation of other technologies such as Omics studies. These methods can be a starting platform for culturing stem cells even in laboratories that might not be familiar with the techniques. Scientific and early clinical trials strongly favor the development of translational studies with adult stem cells. A major impediment to progress in the field of regenerative medicine is a lack of standardized methods to culture specific stem cells. Such documented methods would allow for scientific rigor and reproducibility to enhance efficient and safe translation of stem cells to patients. This book fills that gap.
Stereochemistry and Stereoselective Synthesis: An Introduction
by László Poppe Zoltán Boros József Nagy Mihály Nógrádi Gábor HornyánszkyWritten by a well-respected and experienced author, this textbook fills the gap for a concise introduction to the key concepts of organic stereochemistry and the most important classical and modern methods in stereoselective synthesis. The concepts are extensively illustrated in color, with practical examples and question-answer sets to help consolidate the reader's knowledge. In addition, animations are available from the Wiley website. A must-have for students in chemistry, biochemistry, and life sciences, as well as researchers in pharmaceutical and agrochemical companies in need of a quick introduction to the field.
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds
by V.K. AhluwaliaThis textbook provides a simple approach to understand the various complex aspects of stereochemistry. It deals with basic static stereochemistry and gives an overview of the different isomeric forms and nomenclatures. With simple writing style and many examples, this book covers the topics such as stereochemistry of hydrocarbons, alkenes, cycloalkenes, optically active compounds, trivalent carbon, fused, bridged and caged rings and related compounds. This textbook also covers the additional topics such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, steroechemistry of elimination reactions, substitution reactions, rearrangement reactions and pericyclic reactions. The book includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter problems and key concepts to help students in self-learning. The textbook is extremely useful for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing course in chemistry, especially organic chemistry. Besides, this book will also be a useful reference book for professionals working in various chemical industries, biotechnology, bioscience and pharmacy.
Stereoelectronic Effects: A Bridge Between Structure and Reactivity
by Igor V. AlabuginStereoelectronic Effects illustrates the utility of stereoelectronic concepts using structure and reactivity of organic molecules. This advanced textbook provides an up-to-date overview of the field, starting from the fundamental principles and presenting a large selection of modern examples of stereoelectronic effects in organic reactivity. Modern theoretical concepts are described in an accessible manner for students and experimentalists working in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials science; the background/concept part of the book is based on a wealth of computational and theoretical work but the mathematics behind the concepts is distilled in a general non-technical discussion of the role of stereoelectronic effects in chemistry. Topics covered include: * Effects of orbital overlap on reactivity * Experimental and theoretical approaches for studies of stereoelectronic effects * The fundamentals of stereoelectronic effects * Hyperconjugative stereoelectronic effects * Transition state stabilization * Remote stereoelectronic effects * Practical applciations of stereoelectronic effects in asymmetric catalysis, photochemical processes, bioorganic chemistry and biochemistry, inorganic and organometallic reactivity, supramolecular chemistry and materials science. The aim of this book is to make life easier for students of organic chemistry and practicing organic chemists by providing them with a concise set of rules which govern interactions between molecules and between functional groups in molecules. These rules will offer a unifying framework for the understanding of molecular structure and reactivity.
Stereophonica: Sound and Space in Science, Technology, and the Arts
by Gascia OuzounianEpisodes in the transformation of our understanding of sound and space, from binaural listening in the nineteenth century to contemporary sound art.The relationship between sound and space has become central to both creative practices in music and sound art and contemporary scholarship on sound. Entire subfields have emerged in connection to the spatial aspects of sound, from spatial audio and sound installation to acoustic ecology and soundscape studies. But how did our understanding of sound become spatial? In Stereophonica, Gascia Ouzounian examines a series of historical episodes that transformed ideas of sound and space, from the advent of stereo technologies in the nineteenth century to visual representations of sonic environments today.Developing a uniquely interdisciplinary perspective, Ouzounian draws on both the history of science and technology and the history of music and sound art. She investigates the binaural apparatus that allowed nineteenth-century listeners to observe sound in three dimensions; examines the development of military technologies for sound location during World War I; revisits experiments in stereo sound at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1930s; and considers the creation of "optimized acoustical environments" for theaters and factories. She explores the development of multichannel "spatial music" in the 1950s and sound installation art in the 1960s; analyzes the mapping of soundscapes; and investigates contemporary approaches to sonic urbanism, sonic practices that reimagine urban environments through sound.Rich in detail but accessible and engaging, and generously illustrated with photographs, drawings, maps, and diagrams of devices and artworks, Stereophonica brings an acute, imaginative, and much-needed historical sensibility to the growing literature around sound and space.
Stereoselective Alkene Synthesis
by Jianbo WangStereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Torquoselectivity-Controlled Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds with Ynolates, by Mitsuru Shindo and Kenji Matsumoto.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-Alkenes, by Woon-Yew Siau, Yao Zhang and Yu Zhao.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Mono-fluoroalkenes, by Shoji Hara.- Recent Advances in Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes, by Michael De Paolis, Isabelle Chataigner and Jacques Maddaluno.- Selective Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds via Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Reagents, by Yang Hu and X. Peter Zhang.- Selective Alkene Metathesis in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Product, by Xiaoguang Lei and Houhua Li.- Olefination Reactions of Phosphorus-Stabilized Carbon Nucleophiles, by Yonghong Gu and Shi-Kai Tian.- Alkene Synthesis Through Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones, by Yan Zhang and Jianbo Wang.
Stereoselective Desymmetrization Methods in the Assembly of Complex Natural Molecules
by Robert. J SharpeThis thesis describes the inception, design, and implementation of stereoselective desymmetrization reactions in the total synthesis of the natural products pactamycin and paspaline. In the case of pactamycin, the author develops a novel asymmetric Mannich reaction and symmetry-breaking reduction strategy to enable facile construction of the complex core architecture in fifteen steps using commercially available materials - the shortest synthesis to date. He subsequently demonstrates the flexibility of this approach in SAR investigations by highlighting the preparation of twenty-five unique pactamycin structural congeners. For paspaline, the author develops a biocatalytic desymmetrization strategy that allows the highly controlled synthesis of core stereochemistry and provides a platform for the development of new conceptual disconnections in the synthesis of "steroid-like" natural products. This thesis offers a valuable resource for students embarking on a PhD in total synthesis.
Stereoselective Formation of Amines
by Wei Li Xumu ZhangEach review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Stereoselective Heterocycle Synthesis via Alkene Difunctionalization
by David A. PetroneThis book investigates the use of palladium modified by bulky ligands as catalysts for new chemical transformations that rapidly assemble several classes of complex heterocyles. It documents the development of new chemical reactions involving carbon–carbon (C‒C) and carbon–halogen (C‒X) bond formation in the context of alkene difunctionalization and dearomatization reactions. Due to the ubiquity of heterocycles in bioactive natural products and life-improving pharmaceutical treatments, a long-term goal for synthetic organic chemists has been to develop novel and creative heterocycle syntheses that illicit a high degree of product diversity and are characterized by mild reaction conditions and limited waste production. A considerable fraction of leading pharmaceutical drugs contain at least one heterocycle within their chemical structure, and their prevalence in these technologies is strong evidence that the fundamental curiosities of organic chemistry lead to real-world solutions for the health and wellness of the global population.
Stereoselective Multiple Bond-Forming Transformations in Organic Synthesis
by Dieter Enders Jean Rodriguez Damien BonneCombining the important research topic of multiple bond-forming transformations with green chemistry, this book helps chemists identify recent sustainable stereoselective synthetic sequences. * Combines the important research topic of multiple bond-forming transformations with green chemistry and sustainable development * Offers a valuable resource for preparing compounds with multiple stereogenic centers, an important field for synthetic chemists * Organizes chapters by molecular structure of final products, making for a handbook-style resource * Discusses applications of the synthesis of natural products and of drug intermediates * Brings together otherwise-scattered information about a number of key, efficient chemical reactions
Stereoselective Organocatalysis: Bond Formation Methodologies and Activation Modes
by Ramon Rios TorresSets forth an important group of environmentally friendly organic reactions With contributions from leading international experts in organic synthesis, this book presents all the most important methodologies for stereoselective organocatalysis, fully examining both the activation mode as well as the type of bond formed. Clear explanations guide researchers through all the most important methods used to form key chemical bonds, including carbon-carbon (C–C), carbon-nitrogen (C–N), and carbon-halogen (C–X) bonds. Moreover, readers will discover how the use of non-metallic catalysts facilitates a broad range of important reactions that are environmentally friendly and fully meet the standards of green chemistry. Stereoselective Organocatalysis begins with an historical overview and a review of activation modes in asymmetric organocatalysis. The next group of chapters is organized by bond type, making it easy to find bonds according to their applications. The first of these chapters takes a detailed look at the many routes to C–C bond formation. Next, the book covers: Organocatalytic C–N bond formation C–O bond formation C–X bond formation C–S, C–Se, and C–B bond formation Enantioselective organocatalytic reductions Cascade reactions forming both C–C bonds and C–heteroatom bonds The final chapter is devoted to the use of organocatalysis for the synthesis of natural products. All the chapters in the book are extensively referenced, serving as a gateway to the growing body of original research reports and reviews in the field. Based on the most recent findings and practices in organic synthesis, Stereoselective Organocatalysis equips synthetic chemists with a group of organocatalytic reactions that will help them design green reactions and overcome many challenges in organic synthesis.
Stereoselective Polymerization with Single-Site Catalysts
by Lisa S. Baugh Jo Ann M. CanichNew synthetic techniques allow chemists to modify polymer microstructures more precisely than ever, making it possible to design materials that meet increasingly demanding performance requirements. Written and edited by experts in the field, Stereoselective Polymerization with Single-Site Catalysts reviews how the relative stereochemistry of
Stereoselective Syntheses of Tetrahydropyrans
by Kiyoun LeeIn his thesis, Kiyoun Lee describes his studies into tandem and organocatalytic oxa-conjugate addition reactions for the synthesis of complex tetrahydropyrans (THP). Readers gain insight into the new methods Lee employs for the synthesis of biologically interesting natural products including (+)-leucascandrolide A, (+)-dactylolide, and (±)diospongin A. The reactions Lee investigates are applicable to a broad range of substrates and proceed with excellent stereoselectivity. Moreover, the methodologies allow the synthesis of a wide range of THP-containing compounds. The development of reactions, such as those discussed by Lee, has the potential to impact natural product synthesis, pharmaceutical development and chemical biology.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
by Jiade J. Lu Bin S. Teh Simon S. Lo Tracey E. SchefterStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Principles and Practices
by Yasushi NagataThe second edition of the well-received book updates the knowledge of clinical treatment, radiobiology, physics, and instrumentations to provide a comprehensive description of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Clinical aspects include indications and prescriptions for diseases treated with SBRT and clinical trial details. The chapters associated with physics cover quality assurance, patient immobilization devices, respiratory motion management, and treatment planning. It also illustrates the latest devices and provides know-how for safe and reliable treatment that differs from conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. In this second edition, the future of SBRT using artificial intelligence in the post-COVID-19 world also discussed. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy 2nd Edition - Principles and Practices enrich the readers' understanding of patient-friendly cancer care. Radiation oncologists, medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation therapists, senior nurses, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists interested in radiotherapy will benefit from this practical guide. Since the last edition, there has been significant progress in the field, and the book renews the facts and evidence based on cutting-edge research.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by Stanley H. Benedict David J. Schlesinger Steven J. Goetsch Brian D. KavanaghWritten by internationally known experts in the field, Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy examines one of the fastest-developing subspecialties within radiation oncology. These procedures deliver large doses of radiation in one to five sessions to a precisely determined target. Often these techniques have proven to be
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Meningiomas
by Michele Longhi Enrico D. F. Motti Antonio Nicolato Piero PicozziMeningiomas are the most frequently reported neuro-oncologic condition, accounting for 12% to 30% of all primary intracranial tumors. The first case of intracranial meningioma treated with stereotactic radiosurgery was reported by Backlund E-O in 1971. Since then, more than 200,000 meningiomas have been treated with stereotactic radiosurgery worldwide to date. The large number of patients treated using this method is due to the fact that meningiomas are frequently located in critical areas and microsurgery is often associated with severe and permanent neurological complications.This book discusses the advantages, risks and limits of stereotactic radiosurgery relating to all regions of interest for a neuroradiosurgical approach for the treatment of central nervous system meningiomas. Firstly, it presents an introduction focusing on the “state of the art”. It then discusses the physics, imaging, neurological and neuro-oncological issues in multidisciplinary management. Lastly, it features a summary of results, including the most recent published papers regarding all the locations involved in the stereotactic radiosurgery treatment as well as new approaches to meningiomas, with particular reference to the hypofrationated treatments. Intended for anyone involved in the neuroradiosurgical treatment of brain diseases, the book provides an up-to-date overview of the latest stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of central nervous system meningiomas.
Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare
by Georgia Mason Jeffrey RushenAbnormal behavior patterns, from the jumping and somersaulting of caged laboratory mice to the pacing of enclosed 'big cats', are displayed by many millions of farm, zoo, research and companion animals. Including new chapters and over 30 contributors, this book focuses on the causation and treatment of these environment-induced stereotypic behaviors, and their implications for animal welfare and normalcy of brain functioning. The book begins by taking an ethological perspective, focusing on the constraints captivity places on animals' normal behavioral repertoires, and the effects these have on specific motivational systems. It then addresses the role of dysfunction, particularly the impact of chronic stress and impoverished environments on brain functioning. The book then moves on to explore how stereotypic behaviors can be tackled, once they have emerged, using diverse techniques from environmental enrichment to pharmaceutical intervention. It concludes by giving a new definition for 'stereotypic behavior', and a discussion of future research directions.
Steric Aspects Of Biomolecular Interactions
by G.Naray- Naray-SzaboThe present volume deals with the application of the following techniques; computational chemistry, X-ray diffraction, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The book will discuss how these methods can be used to study steric aspects of biomolecular interactions.
Steric Effects in the Chemisorption of Vibrationally Excited Methane on Nickel
by Bruce L. YoderBruce Yoder's thesis outlines his investigation of the dissociative chemisorption of methane (CH4) on a nickel single crystal. In this work Bruce uses a molecular beam and infrared laser techniques to prepare methane in excited rovibrational states. The excited methane molecules are aligned relative to the target nickel surface. Bruce describes the discovery and exploration of a previously unknown steric effect in the dissociation reaction between a vibrationally excited methane molecule and a nickel crystal. From these studies we see that methane molecules are up to twice as reactive when the vibration is aligned parallel rather than perpendicular to the surface. This discovery will help guide the development of detailed predictive models of methane chemisorption, which in turn may lead to better catalysts for the synthesis of several industrially relevant chemicals, including hydrogen fuel from natural gas.
Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in Organic Chemistry
by Veejendra K. YadavThe steric and stereoelectronic effects control the rate and stereochemical outcome of reactions. Hence, a decent understanding of the related concepts is essential for successful synthetic planning. The book attempts to address several important issues related to these concepts in a simplified manner, and is intended for graduate students. It lays stress on the important aspects of steric and stereoelectronic effects and their control on the conformational profile and reactivity features. The book covers the geometrical requirements for reactions at saturated and unsaturated carbons in both cyclic and acyclic systems, and the resultant stereochemical features. The aspect of geometrical flexibility is also covered with a few examples involving intramolecular reactions. It deals with the facial selectivity of nucleophilic additions to acyclic and cyclic carbonyl compounds, and explains how the steric and stereoelectronic effects control the same. The work comments on allylic strains and their stereochemical control on different reactions with the related conformational control. It is a must read to understand the control elements, the prominent among these elements are spiro-conjugation, periselectivity, torquoselectivity, a-effect, Hammett's substituent constants, Hammond postulate, and Curtin-Hammett principle.
Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in Organic Chemistry
by Veejendra K. YadavIn this second edition, the author has thoroughly updated each chapter and expanded the content with addition of three new chapters. This book comments on several key aspects of stereochemical control of organic reactions in measured detail to allow the reader easily grasp these concepts. In addition, emphasis is given to key information and important aspects of steric and stereoelectronic effects and their control on conformational profile and reactivity features. This book is not only an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying the stereochemical aspects of organic reactions, but also a good reference book for all organic chemists in both industry and academia.
Sterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing and Quality (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences)
by Michael J. AkersSterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, and Quality teaches the basic principles of the development and manufacture of high quality sterile dosage forms. The author has 38 years of experience in the development and manufacture of sterile dosage forms including solutions, suspensions, ophthalmics and freeze dried products. This
Sterile Filtration: A Practical Approach
by Maik W. JornitzThis book focuses on sterilizing grade filters in the biopharmaceutical industry, emphasizing practical applications of universal and dependable operational protocols, integrity testing, and troubleshooting to streamline the production and preparation of pharmaceuticals.Addresses the complexities of globalizing redundancy in filtration! <BR