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Stochastic Tools in Mathematics and Science
by Alexandre J. Chorin Ole H Hald"Stochastic Tools in Mathematics and Science" covers basic stochastic tools used in physics, chemistry, engineering and the life sciences. The topics covered include conditional expectations, stochastic processes, Brownian motion and its relation to partial differential equations, Langevin equations, the Liouville and Fokker-Planck equations, as well as Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, renormalization, basic statistical mechanics, and generalized Langevin equations and the Mori-Zwanzig formalism. The applications include sampling algorithms, data assimilation, prediction from partial data, spectral analysis, and turbulence. The book is based on lecture notes from a class that has attracted graduate and advanced undergraduate students from mathematics and from many other science departments at the University of California, Berkeley. Each chapter is followed by exercises. The book will be useful for scientists and engineers working in a wide range of fields and applications. For this new edition the material has been thoroughly reorganized and updated, and new sections on scaling, sampling, filtering and data assimilation, based on recent research, have been added. There are additional figures and exercises. Review of earlier edition: "This is an excellent concise textbook which can be used for self-study by graduate and advanced undergraduate students and as a recommended textbook for an introductory course on probabilistic tools in science." Mathematical Reviews, 2006
Stochastic Transport in Upper Ocean Dynamics III: STUOD 2023 Workshop, Plouzané, France, September 25–28 (Mathematics of Planet Earth #13)
by Dan Crisan Darryl D. Holm Bertrand Chapron Etienne Mémin Jane-Lisa CoughlanThis open-access proceedings volume brings selected, peer-reviewed contributions presented at the Fourth Stochastic Transport in Upper Ocean Dynamics (STUOD) 2023 Workshop, held at IFREMER in Plouzané, France, September 25–28, 2023. The STUOD project is supported by an ERC Synergy Grant, and led by Imperial College London, the National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automatic Control (INRIA), and the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER). The project aims to deliver new capabilities for assessing variability and uncertainty in upper ocean dynamics. It will provide decision makers a means of quantifying the effects of local patterns of sea level rise, heat uptake, carbon storage, and change of oxygen content and pH in the ocean. Its multimodal monitoring will enhance the scientific understanding of marine debris transport, tracking of oil spills, and accumulation of plastic in the sea. All topics of these proceedings are essential to the scientific foundations of oceanography which has a vital role in climate science. Studies convened in this volume focus on a range of fundamental areas, including: Observations at a high resolution of upper ocean properties such as temperature, salinity, topography, wind, waves and velocity; Large-scale numerical simulations; Data-based stochastic equations for upper ocean dynamics that quantify simulation error; Stochastic data assimilation to reduce uncertainty. These fundamental subjects in modern science and technology are urgently required in order to meet the challenges of climate change faced today by human society. This proceedings volume represents a lasting legacy of crucial scientific expertise to help meet this ongoing challenge, for the benefit of academics and professionals in pure and applied mathematics, computational science, data analysis, data assimilation, and oceanography.
Stock Assessment: Quantitative Methods and Applications for Small Scale Fisheries
by Brian J. Rothschild Vincent F. Gallucci Saul B. Saila Daniel J. GustafsonStock Assessment: Quantitative Methods and Applications for Small Scale Fisheries is a book about stock assessment as it is practiced. It focuses on applications for small scale or artisanal fisheries in developing countries, however it is not limited in applicability to tropical waters and should also be considered a resource for students of temperate fishery management problems. It incorporates a careful sample design, various mathematical models as a basis for predicting consequences for stock exploitation, and discusses the impact of exploitation on non-targeted species. This was a unique concept involving a collaborative effort between U.S. and host country scientists to address issues of regional and global concern through innovative research.Unlike other books on stock assessment that show mathematical models, this is the only book of its kind that discusses how an assessment is carried out. It looks at the field as a whole and includes sampling, age determination and acoustics.The book represents the culmination of a nine-year program financed by the United States Agency for International Development to provide new or improved methods of stock assessment for artisanal fisheries.
Stoelting's Anesthesia And Co-existing Disease
by Roberta L. Hines Katherine MarschallWith Stoelting's Anesthesia and Co-Existing Disease, you'll have the succinct, yet thorough guidance you need to successfully avoid or manage complications stemming from pre-existing medical conditions. Advanced research from experts in the field will help you overcome the toughest challenges in practice, letting you offer your patients the best care, each and every time. Deliver anesthesia as safely as possible with extensive coverage of the pathophysiology of numerous coexisting conditions. Effectively manage special patient populations with a focus on pediatric, geriatric, and adult patients. Master the ins and outs of a wide range of diseases, from common to rare, through detailed discussions of each disease's unique features.
Stoff- und Formleichtbau: Leichter Einstieg mit eindimensionalen Strukturen
by Andreas ÖchsnerDieses Lehrbuch stellt die unterschiedlichen Leichtbaukonzepte anhand einfacher eindimensionaler Strukturen in sehr verständlicher Weise dar und ermöglicht einen leichten Einstieg in das Thema. Es werden nachvollziehbare Informationen und Hinweise zur Werkstoffauswahl und geometrischen Gestaltung von Bauteilen gegeben.
Stoffliche Nutzung von Braunkohle
by Bernd Meyer Steffen Krzack Heiner GutteDas Fachbuch beschäftigt sich mit Braunkohle als einheimischer Energierohstoff mit hohem Nutzungspotential für die chemische Industrie, die Metallurgie und andere Wirtschaftszweige. Der komplexe Aufbau dieses Naturprodukts ist einerseits eine große Herausforderung für dessen Verarbeitung, erlaubt andererseits aber auch eine große Bandbreite der stofflichen Wertschöpfung.Ausgehend von Grundlagen und Verfahren der stofflichen Braunkohlenutzung werden Forschungsergebnisse zu neuen Analysemethoden, zu grundlegenden prozess- und werkstofftechnischen Untersuchungen, zu neuen Ansätzen für Verfahrens- und Komponentenentwicklungen sowie zu neu geschaffenen Modellierungs- und Simulationswerkzeugen vorgestellt. Die Einzelthemen sind entlang der Wertschöpfungskette vom Rohstoff zum Produkt, auch unter Einbeziehung von Biomasse als nachwachsendem Energierohstoff, strukturiert.
Stomp Rockets, Catapults, and Kaleidoscopes: 30+ Amazing Science Projects You Can Build for Less than $1
by Curt GabrielsonKids will learn how things they encounter every day operate by building their own models with this hands-on activity book. Projects include building a working model of the human hand's muscles, bones, and tendons using drinking straws, tape, and string; using a pair of two-liter bottles and a length of rubber tubing to learn how a toilet flushes; and discovering how musical instruments make sounds by fashioning a harmonica, saxophone, drum, flute, or oboe. All devices are designed to use recycled or nearly free materials and common tools. Kids are encouraged to modify and improve the designs, or create an entirely new device using the concepts explored. Each project includes materials and tools lists, step-by-step instructions with photographs, a summary of the science concept demonstrated, and follow-up questions to gauge student understanding for use in the classroom.
Stone Cladding Engineering
by Rui de Sousa CamposinhosThis volume presents new methodologies for the design of dimension stone based on the concepts of structural design while preserving the excellence of stonemasonry practice in façade engineering. Straightforward formulae are provided for computing action on cladding, with special emphasis on the effect of seismic forces, including an extensive general methodology applied to non-structural elements. Based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design Format (LRDF), minimum slab thickness formulae are presented that take into consideration stress concentrations analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the most commonly used modern anchorage systems. Calculation examples allow designers to solve several anchorage engineering problems in a detailed and objective manner, underlining the key parameters. The design of the anchorage metal parts, either in stainless steel or aluminum, is also presented.
Stone Tools and Fossil Bones: Debates in the Archaeology of Human Origins
by Manuel Domínguez-RodrigoThe stone tools and fossil bones from the earliest archaeological sites in Africa have been used over the past fifty years to create models that interpret how early hominins lived, foraged, behaved, and communicated, and how early and modern humans evolved. In this book, an international team of archaeologists and primatologists examines early Stone Age tools and bones and uses scientific methods to test alternative hypotheses that explain the archaeological record. By focusing on both lithics and faunal records, this volume presents the most holistic view to date of the archaeology of human origins.
Stone Tools in Human Evolution
by John J. SheaIn Stone Tools in Human Evolution, John J. Shea argues that over the last three million years hominins' technological strategies shifted from occasional tool use, much like that seen among living non-human primates, to a uniquely human pattern of obligatory tool use. Examining how the lithic archaeological record changed over the course of human evolution, he compares tool use by living humans and non-human primates and predicts how the archaeological stone tool evidence should have changed as distinctively human behaviors evolved. Those behaviors include using cutting tools, logistical mobility (carrying things), language and symbolic artifacts, geographic dispersal and diaspora, and residential sedentism (living in the same place for prolonged periods). Shea then tests those predictions by analyzing the archaeological lithic record from 6,500 years ago to 3. 5 million years ago.
Stop Gaining Weight The Easy Way: How to maintain a healthy body and mind (Stop... The Easy Way)
by Alexander Adams Dr Mike DilkesThe world does not need another diet book. But what it does need, is a book that explains how to achieve and maintain a stable, healthy weight.With easy-to-understand chapters, focused firstly on why it is so easy to gain weight, and then how to effectively keep it off; this is an essential guide for anyone looking to take control of their weight in a safe and sustainable way.Combining their expert guidance with practical and accessible tips for making a change today, Dr Mike Dilkes and Alex Adams share the many life-changing reasons why we shouldn't be focusing on how to lose weight but instead, how to stop gaining it.
Stop Gaining Weight The Easy Way: How to maintain a healthy body and mind (Stop... The Easy Way)
by Alexander Adams Dr Mike DilkesThe world does not need another diet book. But what it does need, is a book that explains how to achieve and maintain a stable, healthy weight.With easy-to-understand chapters, focused firstly on why it is so easy to gain weight, and then how to effectively keep it off; this is an essential guide for anyone looking to take control of their weight in a safe and sustainable way.Combining their expert guidance with practical and accessible tips for making a change today, Dr Mike Dilkes and Alex Adams share the many life-changing reasons why we shouldn't be focusing on how to lose weight but instead, how to stop gaining it.
Stop What You’re Doing and Read…Books That Changed the World: The Origin of Species & The Communist Manifesto
by Charles Darwin Friedrich Engels Karl MarxTo mark the publication of Stop What You're Doing and Read This!, a collection of essays celebrating reading, Vintage Classics are releasing 12 limited edition themed ebook 'bundles', to tempt readers to discover and rediscover great books. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES & THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE INTRODUCED BY DARWIN'S GREAT GREAT GRANDDAUGHTER RUTH PADELWhen the eminent naturalist Charles Darwin returned from South America on board the H.M.S Beagle in 1836, he brought with him the notes and evidence which would form the basis of his landmark theory of evolution of species by a process of natural selection. This theory, published as The Origin of Species in 1859, is the basis of modern biology and the concept of biodiversity. It also sparked a fierce scientific, religious and philosophical debate which still continues today.THE COMMUNISTY MANIFESTOINTRODUCED BY DAVID AARONOVITCHThe Communist Manifesto was first published in London, by two young men in their late twenties, in 1848. Its impact reverberated across the globe and throughout the next century, and it has come to be recognised as one of the most important political texts ever written. Maintaining that the history of all societies is a history of class struggle, the manifesto proclaims that communism is the only route to equality, and is a call to action aimed at the proletariat. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand our modern political landscape.
Stop Working & Start Thinking
by Jack Cohen Graham MedleyWith the spectacular developments in technology accompanying and aiding scientific research over the past few decades, postgraduate students are often encouraged to focus more on generating data than to utilize their most sophisticated piece of equipment: their mind.Stop Working & Start Thinking, Second Edition aims to encourage young researchers to think more clearly about their experiments, from experimental design to data interpretation. This new edition builds on the success of the first edition, with new material throughout and a new chapter on measurement interpretation, including an examination of cryptic assumptions.This book is essential reading for postgraduates who wish to put the mastery back into their M.Sc. and the philosophy back into their PhDs.
Stop the Germs! (Health and My Body)
by Mari SchuhYuck, germs! Germs can make us sick. How do we stay healthy? With engaging text and colorful photos, readers find out how to keep the germs away. Stop the Germs! includes a glossary, read more section, kid-friendly internet sites, and an index.
Stopping Climate Change: Policies for Real Zero (Routledge Studies in Environmental Policy)
by Paul EkinsWritten by one of the leading experts in the field, Paul Ekins, Stopping Climate Change provides a comprehensive overview of what is required to achieve ‘real zero’ carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and negative emissions thereafter, which is the only way to stop human- induced climate change.This will require innovation in socio-technical systems, and in human behaviour, on an unprecedented scale. Stopping Climate Change describes the changes required to meet this goal: in technologies, social institutions and individual activities. Paul Ekins examines in detail issues around the supply and demand of energy and materials, and the efficiency of their use. It also analyses greenhouse gas removal technologies, offsetting and geoengineering, and plots the reduction of the non- CO2 greenhouse gas-emitting activities. Having set out the changes required, Ekins considers the economic implications, in terms of both the innovation and investments that are necessary to bring them about, and the effects that these are likely to have on national economies. The evidence presented points clearly to the economic impacts of decarbonisation being positive for the majority of countries, and for the world as a whole, even before considering the benefits of avoided climate change. When the health benefits of stopping the burning of fossil fuels are factored in, the global net benefits of decarbonisation are unequivocal.Drawing on examples from the UK and Europe, but with wider relevance at a global scale, Stopping Climate Change clearly shows how determined policy action at different levels could stop climate change. It will be of great interest to students, scholars and policymakers researching and working in the field of climate change and energy policy.
Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education: Policy, Practice, and Partnerships
by Graham J. Towl Clarissa J. HumphreysStopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education provides a unique insight into how gender-based violence at universities is impacting students and staff and outlines the path toward tangible changes that can prevent it. Bringing together perspectives from academics, activists, practitioners, and university administrators, the book presents a diverse range of voices to constructively critique the field. Structured in three parts, the book begins by addressing the context, theory, and law that stipulates how universities can effectively respond to reports of gender-based violence. It goes on to discuss the most pragmatic ways to address the issue while contributing to prevention and supporting victim-survivors. Finally, the book advocates for the development of beneficial working partnerships with key external services available to university communities and also working with students as partners in an ethical and safe way. Throughout the book, contributors are invited to demonstrate a comprehensive institution-wide and trauma-informed approach to centre the needs of the victim-survivor and prioritize resources to undertake this vital work. Each chapter ends with a brief summary of key points or recommendations and suggested further reading on the chapter topic. Although the authors draw on research and policy from the UK Higher Education sector, the insights will be a useful resource for those in universities around the world. This book is an essential reference point and resource for professionals, academics, and students in Higher Education, as well as indispensable reading for activists, policymakers, police, rape crisis groups, and other organisations supporting these universities who want to make meaningful change in reducing, responding to, and preventing gender-based violence in Higher Education.
Stopping the Next Pandemic: How Covid-19 Can Help Us Save Humanity
by Debora MacKenzie'Excellent . . . analyses clearly and authoritatively how the coronavirus pandemic played out, what governments should have done, and what we need to do when it happens again - as it undoubtedly will' Financial Times'You could not hope for a better guide to the pandemic world order than Debora MacKenzie, who's been on this story from the start. This is an authoritative yet readable explanation of how this catastrophe happened - and more important, how it will happen again if we don't change'Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist, Adapt and Messy'This definitely deserves a read - the first of the post mortems by a writer who knows what she's talking about'Laura Spinney, author of Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the WorldIn a gripping, accessible narrative, a veteran science journalist lays out the shocking story of how the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic happened and how to make sure this never happens againOver the last 30 years of epidemics and pandemics, we learned every lesson needed to stop this coronavirus outbreak in its tracks. We heeded almost none of them. The result is a pandemic on a scale never before seen in our lifetimes. In this captivating, authoritative, and eye-opening book, science journalist Debora MacKenzie lays out the full story of how and why it happened: the previous viruses that should have prepared us, the shocking public health failures that paved the way, the failure to contain the outbreak, and most importantly, what we must do to prevent future pandemics.Debora MacKenzie has been reporting on emerging diseases for more than three decades, and she draws on that experience to explain how COVID-19 went from a potentially manageable outbreak to a global pandemic. Offering a compelling history of the most significant recent outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, H1N1, Zika, and Ebola, she gives a crash course in Epidemiology 101--how viruses spread and how pandemics end--and outlines the lessons we failed to learn from each past crisis. In vivid detail, she takes us through the arrival and spread of COVID-19, making clear the steps that governments knew they could have taken to prevent or at least prepare for this. Looking forward, MacKenzie makes a bold, optimistic argument: this pandemic might finally galvanize the world to take viruses seriously. Fighting this pandemic and preventing the next one will take political action of all kinds, globally, from governments, the scientific community, and individuals--but it is possible.No one has yet brought together our knowledge of COVID-19 in a comprehensive, informative, and accessible way. But that story can already be told, and Debora MacKenzie's urgent telling is required reading for these times and beyond. It is too early to say where the COVID-19 pandemic will go, but it is past time to talk about what went wrong and how we can do better.
Storage Ring-Based Inverse Compton X-ray Sources: Cavity Design, Beamline Development and X-ray Applications (Springer Theses)
by Benedikt Sebastian GüntherThis thesis presents research on novel laboratory-scale synchrotron X-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering and applications of their X-ray radiation using the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS) as an example. It provides an introduction to the theory of this laser-electron interaction, laser resonators and X-ray interactions with matter. On this basis, upgrades to the laser system including the development of a new laser optic, X-ray beam stabilisation and two techniques for fast X-ray energy switching of inverse Compton sources are presented. On the application side, the beamline, designed and developed for the inverse Compton X-ray source at the MuCLS, is described before various techniques and applications are demonstrated at this laboratory-scale synchrotron X-ray facility. Among them are K-edge subtraction imaging, X-ray phase contrast imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, a new X-ray microscopy technique, called full-field structured-illumination super-resolution X-ray transmission microscopy, is presented.Apart from research conducted at the MuCLS, this thesis contains an in-depth overview on the state of the art of the various types of inverse Compton X-ray sources that have been realised so far. Accordingly, this thesis may serve as a guide and reference work for researchers working with inverse Compton X-ray sources as well as future users of such devices.
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathways
by Klaus Groschner Wolfgang Graier Christoph RomaninStore-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) serves to control essential functions throughout the human body and represents a novel and attractive target for therapeutic intervention. This book provides an extensive overview of the role of SOCE pathways in Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, as well as their clinical significance. (Patho)physiological principles and emerging therapeutic strategies are delineated in a way that is valuable both for the education of graduate students in advanced Cell Biology/Molecular Physiology and for the promotion of innovative research and developments in the clinical/therapeutic fields. A comprehensive, clear and elaborate representation of current concepts is provided, including a pathophysiological section arranged in a tissue/organ/system-oriented manner. The book is intended for basic researchers specializing in cell signaling, ion transport, or pharmacology, as well as biomedical scientists and clinicians with a focus on immunology, neurology or cardiology.
Stories and the Brain: The Neuroscience of Narrative
by Paul B. ArmstrongThis book explains how the brain interacts with the social world--and why stories matter. How do our brains enable us to tell and follow stories? And how do stories affect our minds? In this book, the author analyzes the cognitive processes involved in constructing and exchanging stories, exploring their role in the neurobiology of mental functioning. Taking up the age-old question of what our ability to tell stories reveals about language and the mind, this truly interdisciplinary project should be of interest to humanists and cognitive scientists alike.
Stories for Boys Who Dare to Be Different 2: Even More True Tales of Amazing Boys Who Changed the World (The Dare to Be Different Series)
by Ben BrooksBoys can be anything they want to be! In this sequel to the New York Times bestseller Stories for Boys Who Dare to Be Different, Ben Brooks introduces seventy-six more boys and men who will inspire young readers to live boldly and true to themselves.What do environmental activist Xiuhtezcatl Martinez, philosopher Socrates, and singer Ed Sheeran all have in common? Each of them defied expectations -- going against the grain and pursuing their dreams despite a seemingly impossible barrage of obstacles and difficulties. Their stories are incredible, as are those of tap dancer Evan Ruggiero, Pokémon creator Satoshi Tajiri, the brave Chernobyl Divers, and the other inspirational boys who fill the pages of this extraordinary book.Together, their stories offer young boys the welcome alternative message that masculinity can mean many things -- that it's okay to be sensitive, to be bold, and to follow their hearts.
Stories from the Skeleton: Behavioral Reconstruction in Human Osteology (Interpreting The Remains Of The Past Ser. #Vol. 1.)
by Robert Jurmain"First Published in 1999, Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company."
Stories in the Stars
by Hannah Waldron Susanna HislopA beautifully illustrated Penguin Hardcover that invites readers to travel the night sky and discover the universe of stories in the stars To those who can decipher it, the night sky is alive with gods and goddesses, animals and mythical creatures--an endless carnival played out in shining constellations. Amidst this jet-black canvas pricked with white dots, a hunter leaps in pursuit with his dogs at his heels, a sea monster threatens a maiden in distress, and a pair of twins lives forever.In Stories in the Stars, writer and stargazer Susanna Hislop and international artist Hannah Waldron present an imaginative journey through the heavens. Leaping between centuries, cultures, and traditions, they explore each of the night sky's eighty-eight constellations through gorgeous illustrations and vivid descriptions that will linger in readers' minds long after they've closed the book and stepped outside on a starry night.
Stories of Astronomers and Their Stars (The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series)
by David E. FalknerThis book recounts the stories of the astronomical pioneers who forever changed our views of the cosmos. The chapters delve into their fascinating lives over the centuries, showing how these pivotal minds built upon the work of their predecessors and unlocked the unique properties of specific stars. From ancient astronomy to modern imaging and spectroscopy, each tale at once showcases the pace of scientific discovery and the shared passions that drove these starwatchers. Accompanying the stories are a plethora of constellation and finder charts, stellar coordinates and directions, and suggestions for viewing specific stars, all of which are visible to the naked eye or through a small telescope. In addition, the histories on specific star names and designations are given, along with an overview of the most popular catalogues and online databases that readers can use for reference.