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Sanitary Landfill Leachate: Generation, Control and Treatment
by Syed R. QasimFROM THE PREFACESanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world. With increased use and public awareness of this method of disposal, there is much concern with respect to the pollution potential of the landfill leachate. Depending on the composition and extent of decomposition of the refuse and hydrological factors, the leachate may become highly contaminated. As leachate migrates away from a landfill, it may cause serious pollution to the groundwater aquifer as well as adjacent surface waters. There is growing concern about surface and groundwater pollution from leachate. Better understanding and prediction of leachate generation, containment, and treatment are needed. This book contains a literature review of various methodologies that have been developed for prediction, generation, characterization, containment, control, and treatment of leachate from sanitary landfills. The contents of this book are divided into nine chapters. Each chapter contains theory and definition of the important design parameters, literature review, example calculations, and references. Chapter 1 is devoted to basic facts of solid waste problems current status and future trends towards waste reduction and recycling. Chapter 2 provides a general overview of municipal solid waste generation, collection, transport, resource recovery and reuse, and disposal options. The current status of sanitary landfill design and operation, problems associated with the landfilling, and future trends are presented in Chapter 3. Methods of enhanced stabilization, recycling landfill space, methane recovery, and above grade landfilling, and closure and post closure care of completed landfills are also discussed in detail. Chapter 4 provides a general overview of Subtitle D regulations and its impact upon sanitary landfilling practices. Chapter 5 is devoted entirely to moisture routing and leachate generation mechanisms. Examples of calculation pr
The Sanitation Triangle: Socio-Culture, Health and Materials (Global Environmental Studies)
by Taro Yamauchi Seiji Nakao Hidenori HaradaThis open access book deals with global sanitation, where SDG 6.2 sets a target of enabling access to sanitation services for all, but has not yet been achieved in low- and middle-income countries. The transition from the United Nations MDGs to the SDGs requires more consideration based on the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. In other words, equitable sanitation for those in vulnerable situations could be based on socio-cultural contexts. Sanitation is a system that comprises not only a latrine but also the works for the treatment and disposal of human waste. Sanitation systems do not function by themselves but have significance only through social management. The process of decision-making also largely depends on socio-cultural conditions, and the importance of sanitation needs to be socially acknowledged. The health benefits of sanitation improvement—among the significant contributions of sanitation—also need to be considered in the socio-cultural milieu. Further, the social-culture itself is affected, and potentially even created, by sanitation. In this context, more progress on the improvement of sanitation requires a more holistic approach across disciplines.In this book, we present the concept of the Sanitation Triangle, which considers the interconnections of health, materials, and socio-culture in sanitation, as a holistic approach, and the case studies based on the Sanitation Triangle by diverse disciplines such as Cultural Anthropology, Development Studies, Health Sciences, Engineering, and Science Communication. By the deep theoretical examinations and inter-dialogues between the different disciplines, this book explores the potentialities of inter-disciplinary studies on global sanitation.
Sanity and Sanctity: Mental Health Work Among the Ultra-orthodox in Jerusalem
by David Greenberg Eliezer WitztumIn this enlightening book, two Western-trained psychiatrists discuss the special challenges of their mental health work with ultra-orthodox Jews in Jerusalem. Based on two decades of serving this self-isolated religious minority, Drs. Greenberg and Witztum describe the difficulties of treating and even diagnosing members of the community and suggest principles for therapists working in any multicultural society.
Sanity & Tallulah (Sanity & Tallulah #1)
by Molly BrooksSanity Jones and Tallulah Vega are best friends on Wilnick, the dilapidated space station they call home at the end of the galaxy. So naturally, when gifted scientist Sanity uses her lab skills and energy allowance to create a definitely-illegal-but-impossibly-cute three-headed kitten, she has to show Tallulah. But Princess, Sparkle, Destroyer of Worlds is a bit of a handful, and it isn't long before the kitten escapes to wreak havoc on the space station. The girls will have to turn Wilnick upside down to find her, but not before causing the whole place to evacuate! Can they save their home before it's too late?Readers will be over the moon for this rollicking space adventure by debut author Molly Brooks.
Sanskrit Astronomical Tables (Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences)
by Clemency Montelle Kim PlofkerThis groundbreaking volume provides an up-to-date, accessible guide to Sanskrit astronomical tables and their analysis. It begins with an overview of Indian mathematical astronomy and its literature, including table texts, in the context of history of pre-modern astronomy. It then discusses the primary mathematical astronomy content of table texts and the attempted taxonomy of this genre before diving into the broad outlines of their representation in the Sanskrit scientific manuscript corpus. Finally, the authors survey the major categories of individual tables compiled in these texts, complete with brief analyses of some of the methods for constructing and using them, and then chronicle the evolution of the table-text genre and the impacts of its changing role on the discipline of Sanskrit jyotiṣa. There are also three appendices: one inventories all the identified individual works in the genre currently known to the authors; one provides reference information about the details of all the notational, calendric, astronomical, and other classification systems invoked in the study; and one serves as a glossary of the relevant Sanskrit terms.
Santiago!: Santiago Ramón y Cajal!Artist, Scientist, Troublemaker
by Jay HoslerA graphic novel retelling of the inspiring true story of polymath Santiago Ramón y Cajal, visionary pioneer of modern neuroscience, and his early dreams of becoming an artist.Based on a true story, Santiago Ramón y Cajal is every child who has struggled to navigate the expectations of adults. As a young boy, all Santiago wanted to do was be an artist. But his father wanted him to become a doctor, insisting that pursuing art was not a true profession. Although Santiago was forbidden by his parents to make art, Santiago secretly kept at it—making homemade paints and brushes and honing his craftsmanship. He also loved figuring out how things worked and made slingshots for his friends and even a fully functioning (and very dangerous) cannon. Sadly, the one thing he couldn&’t figure out was his father. After years of locking horns, Santiago&’s father seemed to win, and Santiago was sent to medical school. As a medical student he discovered the wonders of how animal bodies work, and his studies eventually led him to the microscopic mysteries of the brain. Using the artistic skills he honed as a child, Santiago painted brain cells to unlock their secrets. His pursuit of art had trained him to be observant, persistent, resourceful, and creative in his research. In 1906, he won the Nobel Prize for medicine and is considered the father of modern neuroscience—proving anything is possible, even for a mischief maker. A Junior Library Guild Gold Standard Selection
Santiago's Silver Mine
by Eleanor ClymerJoin Andreas and Santiago on an exciting adventure and search for treasure near the small mexican farming village where they live. Learn about mexican customs and the rich history of the land.
Santorio Santori and the Emergence of Quantified Medicine, 1614-1790: Corpuscularianism, Technology and Experimentation (Palgrave Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Medicine)
by Jonathan Barry Fabrizio BigottiThis book examines the life and works of Santorio Santori and his impact on the history of medicine and natural philosophy. Reputed as the father of experimental medicine and procedures, he is also known for his invention of numerous scientific instruments, including early precision medical devices (pulsimeters, hygrometers, thermometers, anemometers), as well as clinical and surgical tools. The chapters in this volume explore Santorio’s legacy through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They highlight the role played by medical practitioners such as Santorio in the development of corpuscularian ideas, central to the ‘new science’ of the period, and place new emphasis on the role of the life sciences, chemistry and medicine in encouraging new forms of experimentation and instrument-making.Chapters 1 and 2 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Sanwad: संवाद
by Achyut Godboleमनुष्य हा समाजप्रिय प्राणी आहे, म्हणूनच इतिहासात डोकावून बघितलं तर आदिम काळापासून मनुष्य समूहानं किंवा टोळ्यांनी राहत असलेला बघायला मिळतो. अगदी सुरुवातीला माणलानं एकमेकांशी संवाद कसा साधला असेल? या प्रश्नाच्या कुतूहलातूनच अच्युत गोडबोले यांचं ‘संवाद’ हे पुस्तक लिहिलं गेलं आहे. ‘संवाद’ या पुस्तकात चित्रलिपीद्वार, खाणाखुणा करून, वेगवेगळे आवाज करुन आदिमानवाच्या परस्परांतल्या संवादाला कशी सुरुवात झाली याचा इतिहास तर आहेच, पण त्याचबरोबर शेतीमुळे स्थैर्य आल्यानंतर माणसाच्या जगण्यात जे बदल झाले, त्यातच त्यानं लावलेला छपाईयंत्राचा शोध असेल किंवा टपालव्यवस्थेचा शोध असेल, या सगळ्या शोधांनी माणसं एकमेकांशी कसा संवाद साधायसा लागली, त्यातून काय गमतीजमती घडत गेल्या, या शोधकर्त्यांना कुठकुठल्या अडचणींना तोंड देत आपल्या ध्येयापर्यंत पोहोचावं लागलं, त्या त्या काळात तंत्रज्ञान कसं बदलत गेलं, तंत्रज्ञानानं माणसाच्या संवादात काय बदल घडवून आणले, या प्रवासात किती तंत्रज्ञांचा मृत्यू अत्यंत हलाखीत झाळा आणि किती जणांचं आयुष्य प्रचंड वैभवात गेलं, हे सगळं या पुस्तकात बाचकांची उत्कंठा वाढवणार आहे. त्याचबरोबर प्रत्येक शोधाचा शोधकर्ता, त्या शोधामागचं तंत्रज्ञानदेखील ‘संवाद’मध्ये अतिशय सोप्या भाषेत उलगडून दाखवण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे. आदिमानवापासून व्हॉट्सअपच्या युगापर्यंत माणसानं एकमेकांशी संवाद कसा साधला याविषयीची एक रंजक आणि चित्तथरारक कहाणी म्हणजे ‘संवाद’! यामध्ये शिंग, तुतारी, आगीपासून ते भाषेचा आणि लिपीचा उगम, कागद आणि छपाई यांचे शोध, टपालव्यवस्था, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल फोन, फेसबुक आणि व्हॉट्सअप या सर्वांच्या जीवघेण्या स्पर्धात्मक जन्मकथा आपल्याला ‘संवाद’मध्ये खिळवून ठेवतील.
Sapiens: The Birth of Humankind (Vol. 1)
by Yuval Noah HarariThe ebook is designed to be read on devices with large color displaysThe Kindle edition is incompatible with iOS. See below for a list of supported devices.New York Times BestsellerThe first volume of the graphic adaptation of Yuval Noah Harari's smash #1 New York Times and international bestseller recommended by President Barack Obama and Bill Gates, with gorgeous full-color illustrations and concise, easy to comprehend text for adult and young adult readers alike.One hundred thousand years ago, at least six different species of humans inhabited Earth. Yet today there is only one—homo sapiens. What happened to the others? And what may happen to us?In this first volume of the full-color illustrated adaptation of his groundbreaking book, renowned historian Yuval Harari tells the story of humankind’s creation and evolution, exploring the ways in which biology and history have defined us and enhanced our understanding of what it means to be “human.” From examining the role evolving humans have played in the global ecosystem to charting the rise of empires, Sapiens challenges us to reconsider accepted beliefs, connect past developments with contemporary concerns, and view specific events within the context of larger ideas. Featuring 256 pages of full-color illustrations and easy-to-understand text covering the first part of the full-length original edition, this adaptation of the mind-expanding book furthers the ongoing conversation as it introduces Harari’s ideas to a wide new readership.
Sapiens: The Pillars of Civilization (Sapiens: A Graphic History #2)
by Yuval Noah HarariThe ebook is designed to be read on devices with large color displaysThe Kindle edition is incompatible with iOS. See below for a list of supported devices.This second volume of Sapiens: A Graphic History, the full-color graphic adaptation of Yuval Noah Harari’s #1 New York Times bestseller, focuses on the Agricultural Revolution—when humans fell into a trap we’ve yet to escape: working harder and harder with diminishing returns.What if humanity’s major woes—war, plague, famine and inequality—originated 12,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens converted from nomads to settlers, in pursuit of the fantasy of productivity and efficiency? What if by seeking to control plants and animals, humans ended up being controlled by kings, priests, and Kafkaesque bureaucracy? Volume 2 of Sapiens: A Graphic History–The Pillars of Civilization explores a crucial chapter in human development: the Agricultural Revolution. This is the story of how wheat took over the world; how an unlikely marriage between a god and a bureaucrat created the first empires; and how war, plague, famine, and inequality became an intractable feature of the human condition.But it’s not all doom and gloom with this book’s cast of entertaining characters and colorful humorous scenes. Yuval, Zoe, Prof. Saraswati, Cindy and Bill (now farmers), Detective Lopez, and Dr. Fiction, all introduced in Volume 1, once again travel the length and breadth of human history, this time investigating the impact the Agricultural Revolution has had on our species. The cunning Mephisto shows them how to ensnare humans, King Hammurabi lays down the law, and Confucius explains harmonious society. The origins of modern farming are introduced through Elizabethan tragedy; the changing fortunes of domesticated plants and animals are tracked in the columns of the Daily Business News; the story of urbanization is portrayed as a travel brochure, offering discount journeys to ancient Babylon and China; and the history of inequality unfolds in a superhero detective story; with guest appearances by historical and cultural personalities throughout such as Thomas Jefferson, Scarlett O'Hara, Margaret Thatcher, and John Lennon.Sapiens: A Graphic History, Volume 2 is a radical, witty and colorful retelling of the story of humankind for adults and young adults, and can be read on its own or in sequence with Volume I.
Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (Patterns Of Life Ser.)
by Yuval Noah HarariNew York Times Readers’ Pick: Top 100 Books of the 21st CenturyNew York Times BestsellerA Summer Reading Pick for President Barack Obama, Bill Gates, and Mark Zuckerberg From a renowned historian comes a groundbreaking narrative of humanity’s creation and evolution—a #1 international bestseller—that explores the ways in which biology and history have defined us and enhanced our understanding of what it means to be “human.”One hundred thousand years ago, at least six different species of humans inhabited Earth. Yet today there is only one—homo sapiens. What happened to the others? And what may happen to us?Most books about the history of humanity pursue either a historical or a biological approach, but Dr. Yuval Noah Harari breaks the mold with this highly original book that begins about 70,000 years ago with the appearance of modern cognition. From examining the role evolving humans have played in the global ecosystem to charting the rise of empires, Sapiens integrates history and science to reconsider accepted narratives, connect past developments with contemporary concerns, and examine specific events within the context of larger ideas.Dr. Harari also compels us to look ahead, because over the last few decades humans have begun to bend laws of natural selection that have governed life for the past four billion years. We are acquiring the ability to design not only the world around us, but also ourselves. Where is this leading us, and what do we want to become?Featuring 27 photographs, 6 maps, and 25 illustrations/diagrams, this provocative and insightful work is sure to spark debate and is essential reading for aficionados of Jared Diamond, James Gleick, Matt Ridley, Robert Wright, and Sharon Moalem.
Sapiens: The Masters of History
by Yuval Noah HarariThis third volume of the illustrated adaptation of the internationally bestselling phenomenon, Sapiens: A Graphic History—The Masters of History, tackles the question of the driving force of humanity’s fate: is it empire, money, religion—or something else entirely—that unites us?Sometimes history seems like a laundry list of malevolent monarchs, pompous presidents and dastardly dictators. But are they really the ones in the driving seat? Sapiens: A Graphic History—The Masters of History takes us on an immersive and hilarious ride through the human past to discover the forces that change our world, bring us together, and just as often... tear us apart.Grab a front-row seat to the greatest show on earth, and explore the rise of money, religion and empire. Join our fabulous host Heroda Tush, as she wonders: Which historical superhero will display the power to make civilizations rise and fall? Will Mr. Random prove that luck and circumstance prevail? Will Lady Empire convince us of the irrefutable shaping force of conquerors? Or will Clashwoman beat them all to greatness by reminding us of the endless confrontations that seem to forever plague our species?In this next volume of the bestselling graphic series, Yuval Noah Harari, David Vandermeulen and Daniel Casanave continue to present the complicated story of humankind with wit, empathy and originality. Alongside the unlikely cast of new characters, we are rejoined by the familiar faces of Yuval, Zoe, Professor Saraswati, Bill and Cindy (now Romans), Skyman and Captain Dollar. As they travel through time, space and human drama in search of truth, it's impossible not to wonder: why can’t we all just get along?This third installment in the Sapiens: A Graphic History series is an engaging, insightful, and colorful retelling of the story of humankind for curious minds of all ages, and can be browsed through on its own or read in sequence with Volumes One and Two.
Sapiens and Homo Deus: A Brief History of Humankind and A Brief History of Tomorrow
by Yuval Noah HarariDiscover humanity’s past and its future in this in this special e-book collection featuring Sapiens—a reading pick of President Barack Obama, Bill Gates, and Mark Zuckerberg—and its acclaimed companion Homo Deus.
Sapiens [Tenth Anniversary Edition]: A Brief History of Humankind
by Yuval Noah HarariNew York Times Readers’ Pick: Top 100 Books of the 21st CenturyThe tenth anniversary edition of the internationally bestselling phenomenon that cemented Yuval Noah Harari as one of the most prominent historians of our time—featuring a new afterword from the author.One hundred thousand years ago, at least six human species inhabited the earth. Today there is just one. Us. Homo sapiens. How did our species succeed in the battle for dominance? Why did our foraging ancestors come together to create cities and kingdoms? How did we come to believe in gods, nations, and human rights; to trust money, books, and laws; and to be enslaved by bureaucracy, timetables, and consumerism? And what will our world be like in the millennia to come?In Sapiens, Professor Yuval Noah Harari spans the whole of human history, from the very first humans to walk the earth to the radical—and sometimes devastating—breakthroughs of the Cognitive, Agricultural, and Scientific Revolutions. Drawing on insights from biology, anthropology, paleontology, and economics, and incorporating full-color illustrations throughout the text, he explores how the currents of history have shaped our human societies, the animals and plants around us, and even our personalities. Can we ever free our behavior from the legacy of our ancestors? And what, if anything, can we do to influence the course of the centuries to come?Bold, wide-ranging, and provocative, Sapiens integrates history and science to challenge everything we thought we knew about being human: our thoughts, our actions, our heritage...and our future.
Sapientia Astrologica: I. Medieval Structures (1250-1500): Conceptual, Institutional, Socio-Political, Theologico-Religious and Cultural (Archimedes #55)
by H Darrel RutkinThis book explores the changing perspective of astrology from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Era. It introduces a framework for understanding both its former centrality and its later removal from legitimate knowledge and practice. The discussion reconstructs the changing roles of astrology in Western science, theology, and culture from 1250 to 1500. The author considers both the how and the why. He analyzes and integrates a broad range of sources. This analysis shows that the history of astrology—in particular, the story of the protracted criticism and ultimate removal of astrology from the realm of legitimate knowledge and practice—is crucial for fully understanding the transition from premodern Aristotelian-Ptolemaic natural philosophy to modern Newtonian science. This removal, the author argues, was neither obvious nor unproblematic. Astrology was not some sort of magical nebulous hodge-podge of beliefs. Rather, astrology emerged in the 13th century as a richly mathematical system that served to integrate astronomy and natural philosophy, precisely the aim of the “New Science” of the 17th century. As such, it becomes a fundamentally important historical question to determine why this promising astrological synthesis was rejected in favor of a rather different mathematical natural philosophy—and one with a very different causal structure than Aristotle's.
Saproxylic Insects: Diversity, Ecology And Conservation (Zoological Monographs #1)
by Michael D. UlyshenThis volume offers extensive information on insect life in dying and dead wood. Written and reviewed by leading experts from around the world, the twenty-five chapters included here provide the most global coverage possible and specifically address less-studied taxa and topics. An overarching goal of this work is to unite literature that has become fragmented along taxonomic and geographic lines. A particular effort was made to recognize the dominant roles that social insects (e.g., termites, ants and passalid beetles) play in saproxylic assemblages in many parts of the world without overlooking the non-social members of these communities.The book is divided into four parts:· Part I “Diversity” includes chapters addressing the major orders of saproxylic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Blattodea), broadly organized in decreasing order of estimated global saproxylic diversity. In addition to order-level treatments, some chapters in this part discuss groups of particular interest, including pollinators, hymenopteran parasitoids, ants, stag and passalid beetles, and wood-feeding termites.· Part II “Ecology” discusses insect-fungal and insect-insect interactions, nutritional ecology, dispersal, seasonality, and vertical stratification.· Part III “Conservation” focuses on the importance of primary forests for saproxylic insects, offers recommendations for conserving these organisms in managed forests, discusses the relationships between saproxylic insects and fire, and addresses the value of tree hollows and highly-decomposed wood for saproxylic insects. Utilization of non-native wood by saproxylic insects and the suitability of urban environments for these organisms are also covered.· Lastly, Part IV “Methodological Advancements” highlights molecular tools for assessing saproxylic diversity. The book offers an accessible and insightful resource for natural historians of all kinds and will especially appeal to entomologists, ecologists, conservationists and foresters.
SAR: Side Effects and Drug Design
by Eric J. LienThis book focuses on the quantitative structure-activity relationship of the disposition and activities of various pharmacological groups. It presents a systematic approach for linking different side effect of drugs to their molecular structure and physiochemical properties.
Sarah and the Big Wave: The True Story of the First Woman to Surf Mavericks
by Bonnie TsuiThis stunning nonfiction picture book tells the inspiring story of Sarah Gerhardt, one of the first female big-wave surfers. Have you ever seen a big wave? One that’s twenty, thirty, forty, even fifty feet tall? Here’s a better question: Would you ever surf a big wave? Sarah Gerhardt did—and this is her story.Sarah and the Big Wave, a tale of perseverance and indomitable spirit, is about the first woman to ride the waves at Mavericks, one of the biggest and most dangerous surf breaks in the world.
Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans
by J. P. Dubey R. Calero-Bernal B.M. Rosenthal C.A. Speer R. FayerSarcocystis is one of the most prevalent parasites of livestock and also infects many wild mammals, birds, and humans. Written by the authors who pioneered studies of Sarcocystosis of domestic animals, Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans, Second Edition provides a current and comprehensive review of Sarcocystis and the infections it causes in anima
Sarcoma: A Practical Guide to Multidisciplinary Management
by Peter F. M. ChoongThis book aims to compile an expert text on the multidisciplinary approach to treating sarcoma at a sarcoma centre. Separate chapters and sections highlight the specialist diagnostic and therapeutic approaches employed in treating bone and soft tissue sarcoma. This comprehensive book covers sarcoma and its management across specialties. It brings together the experience of the editor at a major centre for sarcoma management in Australia along with chapter contributions from various experts on the topic. The real-life, pragmatic approach is a distillation of the evidence and intends to make much of what is written translatable. This book serves as a reference for managing this tumour type and as an indispensable guide for daily use across the spectrum of providers.
Sarcopenia: Molecular, Cellular, and Nutritional Aspects
by Dominique Meynial-DenisSarcopenia: Molecular, Cellular, and Nutritional Aspects describes the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, defined by Rosenberg in 1997 as a hallmark of aging and referred to as &“sarcopenia.&” As life expectancy continues to increase worldwide, sarcopenia has become a major public health issue. The condition worsens in the presence of chronic diseases accelerating its progression. Sarcopenia is not considered to be &“a process of normative aging&” but according to the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), as a disease. As sarcopenia is an ineluctable process, prevention and management are the only options to promote healthy aging; these actions should perhaps be taken during youth. <p><p>Included in this book: <li>Features essential information on sarcopenia, its current definition, and molecular and cellular aspects of this disease <li>Discusses the development of physical frailty, a complication of sarcopenia, and predicts its occurrence in the older population <li>Presents alterations in muscle protein turnover and mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process <li>Provides data on the negative involvement of sarcopenia in certain chronic diseases <li>Describes presbyphagia or age-related changes in the swallowing mechanism in older people <li>Details possible strategies to combat muscle wasting in healthy older adults and their limits <p><p>This book features information collected from pioneers or experts on human aging from around the globe, including Europe, Brazil, Canada, Japan and the United States. It is a valuable source of information for nutritional scientists, medical doctors, sports scientists, food scientists, dietitians, students in these fields, and for anyone interested in nutrition. We hope this book provides a better understanding of sarcopenia which inevitably occurs with aging without weight loss. Moreover, this book will supply information outlining strategies to prevent or limit muscle wasting due to normal aging in order to promote successful aging.
Sarcopenia: Research and Clinical Implications (Practical Issues in Geriatrics)
by Nicola Veronese Charlotte Beaudart Shaun SabicoThis book offers a concise and updated guide for all readers (physicians and non-physicians) interested in gaining a comprehensive and precise understanding of sarcopenia. Over the last several years, sarcopenia has increasingly developed from being a concept known only in research settings to one that is commonly explored in journals and scientific meetings for various disciplines, such as geriatrics, rheumatology and rehabilitation medicine. Thus, all domains of sarcopenia, from molecular aspects to clinical management, represent highly active areas of research and clinical practice for health professionals in a variety of fields, including geriatric medicine, nutrition, and epidemiology. Despite being a relatively new concept in medicine, sarcopenia is increasingly being recognized as an important determinant of other health conditions, including mortality and disability. This book, written by experts from around the globe, covers several core aspects of sarcopenia management, from molecular mechanisms to genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis and finally treatment, including the clinical impact of sarcopenia as a risk factor, the known genetic and molecular aspects that can aid in predicting sarcopenia, and selected treatment and therapy concepts, including indications for nutrition and physical exercise. Sharing data from the latest studies, it will be of considerable interest not only for geriatricians, but also for a wide range of other readers.
Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness
by Gordon S. LynchSome of the most serious consequences of aging are its effects on skeletal muscle. 'Sarcopenia', the progressive age-related loss of muscle mass and associated muscle weakness, renders frail elders susceptible to serious injury from sudden falls and fractures and at risk for losing their functional independence. Not surprisingly, sarcopenia is a significant public health problem throughout the developed world. There is an urgent need to better understand the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying age-related muscle wasting and to develop therapeutic strategies that can attenuate, prevent, or ultimately reverse sarcopenia. Significant research and development in academic and research institutions and in pharmaceutical companies is being directed to sarcopenia and to related health issues in order to develop and evaluate novel therapeutics. This book provides the latest information on sarcopenia from leading international researchers studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in skeletal muscle and identifies strategies to combat sarcopenia and related muscle wasting conditions and neuromuscular disorders. The book provides a vital resource for researchers and practitioners alike, with information relevant to gerontologists, geriatricians, sports medicine physicians, physiologists, neuroscientists, cell biologists, endocrinologists, physical therapists, allied health and musculoskeletal practitioners, strength and conditioning specialists, athletic trainers, and students of the medical and biomedical sciences.
SARP-Driven Activation of Antibiotic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Actinomycetes (BestMasters)
by Oona RösslerActinomycetes are a group of Gram-positive bacteria of which many representatives are prominent for being prolific producers of bioactive natural products including antibiotics, fungicides, antitumor agents, or immunosuppressants. SARP transcriptional regulators are widely distributed among actinomycetes, especially in streptomycetes and are known to activate antibiotic biosynthesis. The set of genes responsible for the production of natural products, including pathway specific transcriptional regulators such as SARPs, are typically located in contiguous regions of the genome known as "biosynthetic gene clusters" (BGCs). In this book, Oona Rössler reports on the activation of antibiotic BGCs in selected actinomycetes strains upon heterologous expression of the SARP-type regulator PapR2 from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Applying a bioinformatic screening for the abundance of SARP genes and SARP consensus sequences as part of BGCs, the author has selected actinomycetes candidate strains from the DSMZ strain collection for heterologous SARP expression. It is shown that overexpression of papR2 increased the production of predominantly unknown antimicrobial compounds in more than half of the selected actinomycetes strains, as observed by bioassays against different microbial test strains including bacteria and fungi.