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Topological States for New Modes of Information Storage and Transfer: A Survey of the Status of the Discovery of the Majorana Modes in the Solid State
by Prabhakar Bandaru Shreyam NataniThis book reviews evidence for the existence of information storing states present in specific materials systems called Topological Materials. It discusses how quantum computation, a possible technology for the future, demands unique paradigms where the information storing states are just not disturbed by classical forces. They are protected from environmental disturbance, suggesting that whatever information is stored in such states would could be safe forever. The authors explain how the topological aspect arises from the configuration or the shape of energy space. He further explains that the existence of related topological states has not been conclusively established in spite of significant experimental effort over the past decade. And The book as such illustrates the necessity for such investigations as well as application of the topological states for new computational technologies. The scope of coverage includes all the necessary mathematical and physics preliminaries (starting at the undergraduate level) enabling researchers to quickly understand the state of the art literature.
Topological States on Interfaces Protected by Symmetry
by Ryuji TakahashiIn this book, the author theoretically studies two aspects of topological states. First, novel states arising from hybridizing surface states of topological insulators are theoretically introduced. As a remarkable example, the author shows the existence of gapless interface states at the interface between two different topological insulators, which belong to the same topological phase. While such interface states are usually gapped due to hybridization, the author proves that the interface states are in fact gapless when the two topological insulators have opposite chiralities. This is the first time that gapless topological novel interface states protected by mirror symmetry have been proposed. Second, the author studies the Weyl semimetal phase in thin topological insulators subjected to a magnetic field. This Weyl semimetal phase possesses edge states showing abnormal dispersion, which is not observed without mirror symmetry. The author explains that the edge states gain a finite velocity by a particular form of inversion symmetry breaking, which makes it possible to observe the phenomenon by means of electric conductivity.
Topological Structures in Ferroic Materials
by Jan SeidelThis book provides a state-of-the art overview of a highly interesting emerging research field in solid state physics/nanomaterials science, topological structures in ferroic materials. Topological structures in ferroic materials have received strongly increasing attention in the last few years. Such structures include domain walls, skyrmions and vortices, which can form in ferroelectric, magnetic, ferroelastic or multiferroic materials. These topological structures can have completely different properties from the bulk material they form in. They also can be controlled by external fields (electrical, magnetic, strain) or currents, which makes them interesting from a fundamental research point of view as well as for potential novel nanomaterials applications. To provide a comprehensive overview, international leading researches in these fields contributed review-like chapters about their own work and the work of other researchers to provide a current view of this highly interesting topic.
Topology- and Graph-Informed Imaging Informatics: First International Workshop, TGI3 2024, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2024, Marrakesh, Morocco, October 10, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15239)
by Chao Chen Yash Singh Xiaoling HuThis book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Topology- and Graph-Informed Imaging Informatics, TGI3 2024, held in conjunction with the 27th International conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024, in Marrakesh, Morocco in October 2024. The 13 full papers presented here were carefully reviewed and selected. These papers focus on the application of Topological Data Analysis (TDA) techniques, along with other computational techniques, for summarizing, analyzing, quantifying, and visualizing complex medical data for a more effective and efficient analysis.
Topology and Physics of Circular DNA (CRC Press Revivals)
by Alexander VologodskiiTopology and Physics of Circular DNA presents comprehensive coverage of the physical properties of circular DNA. The author examines how topological constraints arising from cyclization of DNA lead to distinctive properties that make closed molecules radically different from linear DNA. The phenomenon of supercoiling, its geometric and topological analysis, and the formation of noncanonical structures in circular DNA under the influence of supercoiling are emphasized. The combination of consistent theoretical analysis and detailed treatment of major experimental approaches make Topology and Physics of Circular DNA an important reference volume for biophysicists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and researchers and students who want to expand their understanding of circular DNA.
Topology, Geometry and Gauge fields
by Gregory L. NaberLike any books on a subject as vast as this, this book has to have a point-of-view to guide the selection of topics. Naber takes the view that the rekindled interest that mathematics and physics have shown in each other of late should be fostered, and that this is best accomplished by allowing them to cohabit. The book weaves together rudimentary notions from the classical gauge theory of physics with the topological and geometrical concepts that became the mathematical models of these notions. The reader is asked to join the author on some vague notion of what an electromagnetic field might be, to be willing to accept a few of the more elementary pronouncements of quantum mechanics, and to have a solid background in real analysis and linear algebra and some of the vocabulary of modern algebra. In return, the book offers an excursion that begins with the definition of a topological space and finds its way eventually to the moduli space of anti-self-dual SU(2) connections on S4 with instanton number -1.
The Topology of Planning Theories: A Systematization of Planning Knowledge (The Urban Book Series)
by Meike Levin-Keitel Lukas BehrendThe book discusses and organizes planning theories in a new way. Building on a foundation in scientific theory, both planning practice and the planning sciences are thereby classified and their inherent importance is organized in terms of knowledge generation. The core of the book is a knowledge-oriented systematization of planning knowledge in the form of planning theories, the topology of planning theories. The target audience of this work are academic as well as practical users from diverse disciplines with spatial impact, such as spatial planning, urban planning, regional planning, landscape planning, geography, urban studies, architecture and landscape architecture.
Tormenta De Arena
by Michael R. SternDespués de descubrir un portal a través del espacio y el tiempo, Fritz ayudó a Estados Unidos a resolver una crisis exterior. Ahora, el presidente quiere que evite una amenaza nuclear en el Medio Oriente. Para Fritz, viajar al pasado es entretenido e instructivo. Salvar el mundo es algo completamente diferente. Fritz, que corre contra el tiempo, intenta descubrir los secretos del portal mientras ayuda al presidente. Pero, ¿el uso del portal tiene consecuencias de largo alcance que aún no comprende?
Tornado Hunter: Getting Inside the Most Violent Storms on Earth
by Tim SamarasOf all nature's weapons, tornadoes are among the most unforgiving, and here is an unforgettable portrait of these storms and one extraordinary man who challenged them, and produced the first-ever photographs snatched from a rampaging twister's black heart.
The Tornado Scientist: Seeing Inside Severe Storms (Scientists in the Field Series)
by Mary Kay CarsonIn this addition to the critically-acclaimed Scientist in the Field series, scientist Robin Tanamachi and her team are trying to save countless lives across America’s heartland, chasing one tornado at a time. Robin Tanamachi has been captivated by tornadoes and extreme weather her entire life. When she realized people researched weather for a job, she was hooked. She now studies tornadogenesis, or how tornadoes form, and what causes them to get weaker versus strengthen. For her, driving around in a Doppler radar truck aiming towards storms is a normal day in the office. The data she collects is then modeled and studied on computers—with math, physics, and computer science working hand in hand with meteorology. At the end of the day, knowing exactly how, when, and where these violent storms happen can give more warning time for everyone involved.
Tornadoes: Extreme Weather (Theme Sets)
by Josie GreenTornadoes are caused by cold fronts and updrafts
Toroidal Metamaterials: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Arash Ahmadivand Burak Gerislioglu Zeinab RamezaniThis book provides an overview of the use of toroidal moments. This includes methods of excitation, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements of associating structures. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamental physics, characteristics, and real-world applications of toroidal multipoles. This book also covers a variety of both planar and 3D meta-atom and metamolecule schemes capable to sustain toroidal moments across a wide range of spectrum. It discusses the implementation of innovative approaches, for exploring the spectral features and excitation methodologies, predicting the properties of the correlating metasystems in their excited states. An applicable text for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students, this book is also of interest to researchers, theorizers, and experimentalists working in optical physics, photonics, and nanotechnology.
Toroidal Order in Magnetic Metamaterials (Springer Theses)
by Jannis LehmannThe scope of this work is to provide an extensive experimental investigation of ferrotoroidicity, the most recently established type of ferroic order that is based on the uniform unit-cell-sized alignment of magnetic whirls. This is achieved by transferring basic spin configurations pertinent for the emergence of toroidal order to mesoscopic length scales. An engineering of and access to the system's magnetic degrees of freedom is made possible by using nanomagnetic arrays as model systems. The work revealsmicroscopic and macroscopic aspects of toroidally ordered matter beyond the reach of natural materials.
Torpedo: Inventing the Military-Industrial Complex in the United States and Great Britain
by Katherine C. EpsteinWhen President Eisenhower referred to the "military-industrial complex" in his 1961 Farewell Address, he summed up in a phrase the merger of government and industry that dominated the Cold War United States. In this bold reappraisal, Katherine Epstein uncovers the origins of the military-industrial complex in the decades preceding World War I, as the United States and Great Britain struggled to perfect a crucial new weapon: the self-propelled torpedo. Torpedoes threatened to upend the delicate balance among the world's naval powers, they were bought and sold in a global marketplace, and they were cutting-edge industrial technologies. But building them required substantial capital investments and close collaboration among scientists, engineers, businessmen, and naval officers. To address these formidable challenges, the U. S. and British navies created a new procurement paradigm: instead of buying finished armaments from the private sector or developing them from scratch at public expense, they began to invest in private-sector research and development. The inventions emerging from torpedo R&D sparked legal battles over intellectual property rights that reshaped national security law. Torpedo blends military, legal, and business history with the history of science and technology to recast our understanding of defense contracting and the demands of modern warfare.
Torsion of Thin Walled Structures
by Krishnaiyengar RajagopalanThis comprehensive textbook focuses on the torsion in thin walled structures, highlights the nuances of the problems faced and succinctly discusses warping, bimoment, etc. Since in several thin walled structures, torsion is the only or dominant loading, this book addresses such unique structures as well. It provides a concise explanation of the warping properties and how they are evaluated. Thin walled structures with torsion as the preponderant loading are then treated using classical and finite element methods. No prior knowledge of the finite element method is required as the method is introduced from the basics. The same problem is worked out by both approaches so that the concepts are clearly understood by the readers. The book includes pedagogical features such as end-of-chapter questions and worked out examples to augment learning and self-testing. The book will be useful for graduate courses as well as for professional development coursework for structural engineers in the aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering domains.
Torsors, Étale Homotopy and Applications to Rational Points
by Alexei N. SkorobogatovTorsors, also known as principal bundles or principal homogeneous spaces, are ubiquitous in mathematics. The purpose of this book is to present expository lecture notes and cutting-edge research papers on the theory and applications of torsors and étale homotopy, all written from different perspectives by leading experts. Part one of the book contains lecture notes on recent uses of torsors in geometric invariant theory and representation theory, plus an introduction to the étale homotopy theory of Artin and Mazur. Part two of the book features a milestone paper on the étale homotopy approach to the arithmetic of rational points. Furthermore, the reader will find a collection of research articles on algebraic groups and homogeneous spaces, rational and K3 surfaces, geometric invariant theory, rational points, descent and the Brauer–Manin obstruction. Together, these give a state-of-the-art view of a broad area at the crossroads of number theory and algebraic geometry.
Tortuosity and Microstructure Effects in Porous Media: Classical Theories, Empirical Data and Modern Methods (Springer Series in Materials Science #333)
by Lorenz Holzer Philip Marmet Mathias Fingerle Andreas Wiegmann Matthias Neumann Volker SchmidtThis open access book presents a thorough look at tortuosity and microstructure effects in porous materials. The book delivers a comprehensive review of the subject, summarizing all key results in the field with respect to the underlying theories, empirical data available in the literature, modern methodologies and calculation approaches, and quantitative relationships between microscopic and macroscopic properties. It thoroughly discusses up to 20 different types of tortuosity and introduces a new classification scheme and nomenclature based on direct geometric tortuosities, indirect physics-based tortuosities, and mixed tortuosities (geometric and physics-based). The book also covers recent progress in 3D imaging and image modeling for studying novel aspects of tortuosity and associated transport properties in materials, while providing a comprehensive list of available software packages for practitioners in the community.This book is a must-read for researchers and students in materials science and engineering interested in a deeper understanding of microstructure–property relationships in porous materials. For energy materials in particular, such as lithium-ion batteries, tortuosity is a key microstructural parameter that can greatly impact long-term material performance. Thus, the information laid out in this book will also greatly benefit researchers interested in computational modeling and design of next-generation materials, especially those for sustainability and energy applications.
Total Absorption Technique for Nuclear Structure and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Alejandro Algora Berta Rubio Jose Luis Tain William GelletlyThis book is the first monograph dedicated to the use of the total absorption technique in beta decay studies. It provides a detailed introduction to the beta decay process and all necessary know-how for the use of the total absorption technique. Total absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is the one of the very few techniques available that can provide nuclear decay data free from the Pandemonium effect (the systematic error causes the assignment of larger beta-decay probabilities than the real values to the lower lying levels). This book covers all aspects related to the use of this technique, from the preparation of an experiment to the algorithms required in the analysis of the data acquired. It also covers the most relevant applications of the technique, from nuclear structure (comparison with nuclear models, determination of nuclear shapes) to nuclear astrophysics and other more applied purposes such as the prediction of reactor decay heat and the primary antineutrino spectrum from nuclear reactors.
Total Addiction
by Kate RussoSeeing a total solar eclipse is often described as a once-in-a-lifetime experience. However, for many who have experienced totality, once-in-a-lifetime is simply not enough. They want more, and are willing to go to great lengths often at great expense to repeat the experience. What is it like to experience totality? What is it about the experience that motivates these eclipse chasers? Is there an eclipse chaser personality? Can eclipse chasing actually be described as an addiction? This book describes the people who dedicate their lives to chasing their dream.
Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins
by Ashraf BrikHow to synthesize native and modified proteins in the test tube With contributions from a panel of experts representing a range of disciplines, Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins presents a carefully curated collection of synthetic approaches and strategies for the total synthesis of native and modified proteins. Comprehensive in scope, this important reference explores the three main chemoselective ligation methods for assembling unprotected peptide segments, including native chemical ligation (NCL). It includes information on synthetic strategies for the complex polypeptides that constitute glycoproteins, sulfoproteins, and membrane proteins, as well as their characterization. In addition, important areas of application for total protein synthesis are detailed, such as protein crystallography, protein engineering, and biomedical research. The authors also discuss the synthetic challenges that remain to be addressed. This unmatched resource: Contains valuable insights from the pioneers in the field of chemical protein synthesis Presents proven synthetic approaches for a range of protein families Explores key applications of precisely controlled protein synthesis, including novel diagnostics and therapeutics Written for organic chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and molecular biologists, Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins provides key knowledge for everyone venturing into the burgeoning field of protein design and synthetic biology.
Total Environmental Compliance: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals
by Bert P. Krages IITotal Environmental Compliance: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals gives you the background and skills you need to ensure total environmental compliance in your organization. Instead of dryly describing theoretical management systems or reciting regulatory provisions, the author delves into the challenging issues of why organizations
Total Garbage: A Messy Dive into Trash, Waste, and Our World
by Rebecca DonnellyTotal Garbage by Rebecca Donnelly dives into the messy truth about trash, garbage, waste, and our world—it's a fact-filled and fascinating illustrated middle grade environmental read!Trash has been part of human societies since the beginning. It seems like the inevitable end to the process of making and using things—but why? In this fascinating account of the waste we make, we'll wade into the muck of history and explore present-day STEM innovations to answer these important questions: What is garbage?Where does our garbage come from?Why do we make so much garbage?Where does our garbage go?What can we learn from our garbage?How bad is our garbage problem?How can we do better?Rebecca Donnelly tackles the extraordinary, the icky, and the everyday, helping us see how our choices, personal and societal, impact our world and our planet—and encouraging us make a change.Back matter includes a timeline of the history of waste management, selected bibliography, and index."clear, engaging writing. . . [and] whimsical, informative, detailed teal-tone line drawings add to a captivating and important book. . . A fact-filled and fascinating dumpster dive of a book." —Kirkus Reviews, starred review on Total Garbage"this book makes garbage fun to read about and is a great choice for browsable nonfiction shelves and curricular tie-ins" —School Library Journal on Total Garbage"Readers will need strong stomachs for some of the nauseating facts Donnelly dishes in her deep dumpster dive, but they’ll emerge a heartier lot that’s armed with awareness and the tools to clean up their acts, environmentally speaking. " —Booklist on Total Garbage
Total Hip Arthroplasty: Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts
by Emre TokgozTotal Hip Arthroplasty: Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts provides an extensive overview of the most recent advancements in total hip arthroplasty (THA) through a thorough review of the literature in medicine, engineering, mathematics, computing, and related technologies. Coverage includes the most recent engineering and computing techniques such as robotics, biomechanics, artificial intelligence, and optimization, as well as the medical and surgical aspects of pre-existing conditions, surgical procedure types, postoperative complications, and patient care. This book will be a valuable introductory reference for academics, students, and researchers to THA concepts and advances.
Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts
by Emre Tokgoz Sarah Levitt Diana Sosa Nicholas A. Carola Vishal PatelTotal Knee Arthroplasty: Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts provides an extensive overview of the most recent advancements in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) through a thorough review of the literature in medicine, engineering, and technology. Coverage includes the most recent engineering and computing techniques, such as robotics, biomechanics, artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and optimization, as well as the medical and surgical aspects of pre-existing conditions, surgical procedure types, surgical complications, patient care, and psychological factors. This book will be a valuable introduction to TKA concepts and advances for academics, students, and researchers.
Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Hospital and at Home
by Khursheed N. JeejeebhoyIt is therefore obvious that good patient management necessitates the use of an alternative route of nutritional support in patients unable to eat or absorb an oral diet. This alternative is parenteral nutrition, which is the subject of this book. While there are many texts on the subject of parenteral nutrition, very few if any are directed to the practical details of organizing the delivery of parenteral nutrition from a multidisciplinary point of view. In this publication we present the practice of parenteral nutrition as viewed by a team of a physician, nurse, and pharmacist.