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Transport Spectroscopy of Confined Fractional Quantum Hall Systems
by Stephan Baer Klaus EnsslinThis book provides an overview of recent developments in experiments probing the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states of the second Landau level, especially the \nu=5/2 state. It summarizes the state-of-the-art understanding of these FQH states. It furthermore describes how the properties of the FQH states can be probed experimentally, by investigating tunneling and confinement properties. The progress towards the realization of an experiment, allowing to probe the potentially non-Abelian statistics of the quasiparticle excitations at \nu=5/2 is discussed. The book is intended as a reference for graduate students, PostDocs and researchers starting in the field. The experimental part of this book gives practical advice for solving the experimental challenges which researchers studying highly fragile FQH states are faced with.
Transport Systems: Modelling, Planning, and Evaluation
by Milan JanicThe transport sector consists of different modes of transport, each serving a growing demand for transporting people and goods. This (growing) demand on the one hand, needs expanding the systems’ capacity, and on the other hand, increasing the corresponding economic efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental and social friendliness. This implies development of a ‘greener’, i.e. a more sustainable transport sector. The book describes the current and prospective state of the art analytical modelling, conceptual planning, and multi-criteria evaluation of the selected cases of transport systems operated by different transport modes such as road, rail, sea, air, and intermodal. As such, the book is unique in addressing these three important aspects of dealing with transport systems before implementation of their particular components means by the selected cases. It will be particularly useful for readers from the academia and the professionals from the transport sector.
Transport Theories for Strongly-Interacting Systems: Applications to Heavy-Ion Collisions (Lecture Notes in Physics #989)
by Wolfgang CassingThis book provides an overview on transport theories, focusing on applications and the relativistic off-shell transport theory which are of particular interest for physicists working in the field of relativistic strong-interaction physics, e.g. relativistic or ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions or the evolution of the early universe. In this regard, a thorough derivation of the transport equations and a careful analysis of the approximations employed is given. The text is enriched with a multitude of Appendices that partly recall elements of quantum mechanics and field theory or present examples for specific models. Specific exercises are given throughout the chapters. As a basic knowledge the reader should be familiar with quantum mechanics and its principles as well as some basic concepts of the quantum many-body physics and field theory. All chapters close with a short summary and numerical calculations are provided to master and illustrate the subject.
Transportable Environments
by Robert KronenburgTransportable Environments explores aspects of the historical and theoretical basis for portable architecture and provides an insight into the wide range of functions that it is used for today, the varied forms that it takes and the concerns and ideas for its future development. Written by a team of international commentators, this volume provides a state-of-the-art survey of this specialist area and will be of interest to a wide range of professionals across the construction and design industries.
Transportation Air Pollutants: Black Carbon and Other Emissions (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Thomas BrewerThis book begins by discussing the problems caused by transportation emissions, the various types of emissions, and the impacts they have on public health, agricultural production, and climate change. The next several chapters then present technologies and policies from around the world, which can be used to solve some of these problems. Finally, the book discusses implications for the future, from both an industrial and governmental point of view.
Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics: Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 4 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #298)
by Kasinathan Muthukkumaran Deendayal Rathod Evangelin Ramani Sujatha M. MuthukumarThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. This book covers topics related application of natural and artificial geosynthetics in shallow foundation bearing capacity enhancement, highway & railway pavements, high speed rail and geo-environmental applications. Topics also covered related to simulation of geosynthetic encased stone column, application of geosynthetic for ground improvement, pore size distribution of compacted expansive soils, MICP, landfills, among others. This book is of interest to those in academia and industry.
Transportation and Power Grid in Smart Cities: Communication Networks and Services
by Hussein T. Mouftah Melike Erol-Kantarci Mubashir Husain RehmaniWith the increasing worldwide trend in population migration into urban centers, we are beginning to see the emergence of the kinds of mega-cities which were once the stuff of science fiction. It is clear to most urban planners and developers that accommodating the needs of the tens of millions of inhabitants of those megalopolises in an orderly and uninterrupted manner will require the seamless integration of and real-time monitoring and response services for public utilities and transportation systems. Part speculative look into the future of the world’s urban centers, part technical blueprint, this visionary book helps lay the groundwork for the communication networks and services on which tomorrow’s “smart cities” will run. Written by a uniquely well-qualified author team, this book provides detailed insights into the technical requirements for the wireless sensor and actuator networks required to make smart cities a reality.
Transportation and Urban Land (Routledge Revivals)
by Lowdon Wingo Jr.Urban land is a precious resource and originally published in 1961, Transportation and Urban Land aims to create an approach to analysing and projecting its uses with a particular focus on the household sector. By considering matters such as employment centres, organisation and technology of transportation and marginal valuation of residential space, Wingo develops a model to estimate how much land is required for residential land uses. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies and professionals.
Transportation Breakdowns: Learning from Bad Ideas (Fantastic Fails)
by Amie Jane LeavittSee some of the world's fastest transportation breakdowns at lightning speed. Find out how each form of transportation failed, the basic engineering missed during construction, and what engineers learned from their mistakes.
Transportation Energy and Dynamics (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Sunil Kumar Sharma Ram Krishna Upadhyay Vikram Kumar Hardikk ValeraThis book provides a macro-level understanding of transportation as an industry, through the lens of all the stakeholders that make up the ecosystem. It aids understanding about the transportation ecosystem, its components, challenges, contribution to economic growth, and the interplay between the stakeholders that govern the system. The contents also examine the background and history of transportation, emphasizing the fundamental role and importance the industry plays in companies, society, and the environment in which transportation service is provided. The book also provides an overview of carrier operations, management, technology, and the strategic principles for the successful management of different modes of transportation. This book is of interest to those working in academia, industry, and policy in the areas of transportation.
Transportation in a Climate-Constrained World (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Andreas Schafer John B. Heywood Henry D. Jacoby Ian A. WaitzA discussion of the opportunities and challenges involved mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from passenger travel.In the nineteenth century, horse transportation consumed vast amounts of land for hay production, and the intense traffic and ankle-deep manure created miserable living conditions in urban centers. The introduction of the horseless carriage solved many of these problems but has created others. Today another revolution in transportation seems overdue. Transportation consumes two-thirds of the world's petroleum and has become the largest contributor to global environmental change. Most of this increase in scale can be attributed to the strong desire for personal mobility that comes with economic growth. InTransportation in a Climate-Constrained World, the authors present the first integrated assessment of the factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from passenger transportation. They examine such topics as past and future travel demand; the influence of personal and business choices on passenger travel's climate impact; technologies and alternative fuels that may become available to mitigate GHG emissions from passenger transport; and policies that would promote a more sustainable transportation system. And most important, taking into account all of these options are taken together, they consider how to achieve a sustainable transportation system in the next thirty to fifty years.
Transportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration
by Nicholas J. Garber Lester A. Hoel Adel W. Sadekransportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration, intended to serve as a resource for courses in transportation engineering, emphasizes transportation in an overall systems perspective. It can serve as a textbook for an introductory course or for upper-level undergraduate and first-year graduate courses. This book, unlike the widely used textbook, Traffic and Highway Engineering, serves a different purpose and is intended for a broader audience. Its objective is to provide an overview of transportation from a multi-modal viewpoint rather than emphasizing a particular mode in great detail. By placing emphasis on explaining the environment in which transportation operates, this book presents the ""big picture"" to assist students in understanding why transportation systems operate as they do and the role they play in a global society.
Transportation Research: Proceedings of CTRG 2017 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #45)
by Tom V. Mathew Gaurang J. Joshi Nagendra R. Velaga Shriniwas ArkatkarThis book presents selected papers from the 4th Conference of the Transportation Research Group of India. It provides a comprehensive analysis of themes spanning the field of transportation encompassing economics, financial management, social equity, green technologies, operations research, big data analysis, econometrics and structural mechanics. This volume will be of interest to researchers, educators, practitioners, managers, and policy-makers world-wide.
Transportation Research: Proceedings of TPMDC 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #434)
by Dharamveer Singh Avijit Maji Omkar Karmarkar Monik Gupta Nagendra Rao Velaga Solomon DebbarmaThis book is a collection of selected research papers from the 14th conference of the Transportation Planning and Implementation Methodologies for Developing Countries (TPMDC). It covers the broad area of transportation planning and policy, pavement design and engineering, emerging technologies in transportation, traffic management, operations, and safety, and sustainable mobility in transportation. The book aims to provide deeper understanding of the transportation issues, solutions, and learnings from the implemented solutions. This book will be of best interest for academicians, researchers, policy makers, and practitioners.
Transportation Systems Technology and Integrated Management (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Ram Krishna Upadhyay Sunil Kumar Sharma Vikram Kumar Hardikk ValeraThe book highlights the transportation ecosystems and its management with underlying technologies for futuristic freight and passenger movement. The contents include contributions on climate change impact on transportation infrastructure, enhancing multimodal transportation, solar energy in railways, managing public transportation with technology, among others. It also includes chapters of newly developed technologies for the intelligent transport system. This book is a useful guide to those working in academia and industry in transportation technology.
Transportation Technologies for Sustainability
by Fei-Yue Wang Gary L. Brosch Mehrdad EhsaniInnovative transportation technologies will be a vital component of any future sustainable society. Gathering over 50 authoritative, peer-reviewed entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Transportation Technologies for Sustainability covers a broad range of transportation-related sustainability research, from vehicle design and technology to mass transit systems. State-of-the-art chapters describe key developments in intelligent vehicle technology, including vision sensors, driver status monitoring, and vehicle motion control, while international experts present the latest research in electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Leaders in the mass transit field assess a broad spectrum of alternatives in both small and large urban areas. This valuable collection is an essential reference for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policymakers, and industry experts.
Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity
by Albert P. LiThis book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the relationship between drug metabolism enzymes and transporters on drug toxicity, along with methods to investigate their role on adverse drug reactions. Unites both the metabolism and transporter components of drug toxicity – two aspects not normally connected and the latter often neglected Familiarizes readers with the mechanism and species differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters Discusses promising approaches to accurately predict human drug toxicity via the incorporation of human drug metabolism in toxicity evaluation
Transporters and Pumps in Plant Signaling
by Kees Venema Markus GeislerDue to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to efficiently adapt to changing environmental conditions during their life cycle. Nutrient acquisition from the soil has to be able to adapt to considerable fluctuations in concentrations to ensure adequate distribution between tissues, cells and organelles. The storage and retrieval of nutrients, metabolites or toxic substances in vacuoles plays an important part in cellular homeostasis in plants. The long-range transport and maintenance of turgor is critically dependent on the availability of water and rate of evaporation, while at the same time photosynthetic products have to be transported to all plant parts. As a result plants contain a large number of ATP-dependent pumps and secondary transporters that, in order to adapt to the changing environment, need to be regulated by a complex network of sensing and signaling mechanisms. Plants share many basic elements of signal transduction with animals, but also contain plant-specific signaling molecules and mechanisms. In this volume, the role of transporters and pumps in the regulation of movement, long-range transport and compartmentalization of water, solutes, nutrients and classical signaling molecules is highlighted, and the function, regulation and membrane-transporter interaction and their roles in plant signaling controlling plant physiology and development are discussed.
Transporters in Drug Development
by Yuichi Sugiyama Bente SteffansenTransporters in Drug Development examines how membrane transporters can be dealt with in academic-industrial drug discovery and pharmaceutical development as well as from a regulatory perspective. The book describes methods and examples of in vitro characterization of single transporters in the intestines, liver and kidneys as well as characterization of substrate overlap between various transporters. Furthermore, probes and biomarkers are suggested for studies of the transporters' impact on the pharmacokinetics of drug substrates/candidates interacting on transporters. The challenges of translating in vitro observed interaction of transporters into in vivo relevance are explored, and the book highlights perspectives of applying targeted proteomics and mechanistic modeling in this process.
Transportome Malfunction in the Cancer Spectrum: Ion Transport in Tumor Biology (Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology #181)
by Christian Stock Luis A. PardoThis is the first of three volumes in the "Ion Channels & Transporters in Tumor Biology" collection, which discusses the function of ion transport proteins in cellular and systemic homeostasis. The authors highlight the role of the so-called transportome, which is defined by the entirety of ion transporters and ion channels. Thereby, readers will get a better understanding of the impact dysregulated ion transport has on the whole spectrum of cancer types. Cancers display deficiencies in several, sometimes interdependent members of the transportome.Clinicians will be interested in the fact that controlled expression of ion transport proteins dramatically impacts the life span of cancer patients, as shown in recent studies. These observations offer a promising outlook for biomedical scientists, as members of the transportome could be the tumor markers of tomorrow - both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.As part of a three-volume collection, this book will fascinate members of the active research community, as well as clinicians from the cancer field.
Transportvorgänge in der Verfahrenstechnik
by Matthias KraumeTransportvorgänge spielen in verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen eine überragende Rolle. Für Ingenieure, technische Chemiker und Biotechnologen, die verfahrenstechnische Prozesse umsetzen wollen, ist ein fundamentales Verständnis der Transportvorgänge unverzichtbar. Das Buch beinhaltet sowohl die umfassende Darstellung der physikalischen Grundlagen als auch deren Anwendung in vielfältigen technischen Lösungen. Dabei werden diese Lösungen stets auf einfache Zusammenhänge zurückgeführt. Mit zahlreichen Übungsaufgaben zu praktischen Fragestellungen.
Transportvorgänge in der Verfahrenstechnik: Aufgaben und Lösungen
by Matthias KraumeTransportvorgänge spielen eine überragende Rolle in verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen, die in unterschiedlichen Industriezweigen – speziell in der chemischen, pharmazeutischen und der Lebensmittelindustrie sowie in der Biotechnologie – die Basis der Produktherstellung bilden. Das fundamentale Verständnis von Transportvorgängen ist eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung für diejenigen, die diese in technischen Prozessen umsetzen. Dazu zählen vorrangig Ingenieure unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen, technische Chemiker und Biotechnologen. Als substanzielle Ergänzung des Lehrbuchs „Transportvorgänge in der Verfahrenstechnik“ wurde für die Lösungen der dortigen 200 Übungsaufgaben dieses Buch erstellt, in dem die Lösungswege ausführlich erläutert werden. Dies umfasst auch die Berechnung sämtlicher Zahlenwerte der Lösungen mittels Excel-Dateien, die als Zusatzmaterial in der Online-Version der jeweiligen Kapitel auf SpringerLink zur Verfügung stehen. Leserinnen und Leser können wahlweise die Aufgaben zunächst eigenständig lösen und anschließend überprüfen oder sich direkt mit den Lösungen in detaillierter Form auseinandersetzen. Auf diese Weise sollen sowohl die Kenntnisse als auch das methodische Wissen vertieft werden, um die Lösungskompetenz zur Behandlung eigener verfahrenstechnischer Fragestellungen zu erweitern.
Transportvorgänge in der Verfahrenstechnik: Grundlagen und apparative Umsetzungen
by Matthias KraumeTransportvorgänge spielen in verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen eine überragende Rolle. Für Ingenieure, technische Chemiker und Biotechnologen, die verfahrenstechnische Prozesse umsetzen wollen, ist ein fundamentales Verständnis der Transportvorgänge unverzichtbar. Das Buch beinhaltet sowohl die umfassende Darstellung der physikalischen Grundlagen als auch deren Anwendung in vielfältigen technischen Lösungen. Dabei werden diese Lösungen stets auf einfache Zusammenhänge zurückgeführt. Mit zahlreichen Übungsaufgaben zu praktischen Fragestellungen.
Transposable Elements: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2607)
by Miguel R. Branco Alexandre de Mendoza SolerThe volume presents a small selection of state-of-the-art approaches for studying transposable elements(TE). Chapters guide readers through HTS-based approaches, bioinformatic tools, methods to studyTE protein complexes, and the functional impact on the host. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Transposable Elements: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution (ISTE Consignment)
by Pierre Capy Aurélie Hua-VanSince their discovery by Barbara McClintock in the mid-20th century, the importance of transposable elements in shaping the architecture, function and evolution of genomes has gradually been unveiled. These DNA sequences populate nearly all genomes and are viewed as genomic parasites. They are mobile, capable of proliferating within genomes and also commonly travel between species. These elements are mutagenic and are responsible for several human genetic disorders, but they also constitute a major source of genetic diversity. Some insertions have beneficial effects for the host and are selected for, giving rise to significant evolutionary innovations. Their dynamics within genomes are intricate, as are their interactions with other genome components. To limit their proliferation, the genome has evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms. While researchers commonly use these elements as genetic tools, their identification in newly sequenced genomes remains a challenge due not only to their extensive diversity, but also their large copy numbers.