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String Theory in a Nutshell
by Elias KiritsisThis book is the essential new introduction to modern string theory, by one of the world's authorities on the subject. Concise, clearly presented, and up-to-date, String Theory in a Nutshell brings together the best understood and most important aspects of a theory that has been evolving since the early 1980s. A core model of physics that substitutes one-dimensional extended "strings" for zero-dimensional point-like particles (as in quantum field theory), string theory has been the leading candidate for a theory that would successfully unify all fundamental forces of nature, including gravity.Starting with the basic definitions of the theory, Elias Kiritsis guides readers through classic and modern topics. In particular, he treats perturbative string theory and its Conformal Field Theory (CFT) tools in detail while also developing nonperturbative aspects and exploring the unity of string interactions. He presents recent topics including black holes, their microscopic entropy, and the AdS/CFT correspondence. He also describes matrix model tools for string theory. In all, the book contains nearly five hundred exercises for the graduate-level student, and works as a self-contained and detailed guide to the literature.String Theory in a Nutshell is the staple one-volume reference on the subject not only for students and researchers of theoretical high-energy physics, but also for mathematicians and physicists specializing in theoretical cosmology and QCD.
String Theory Methods for Condensed Matter Physics
by Horaţiu NăstaseThe discovery of a duality between Anti-de Sitter spaces (AdS) and Conformal Field Theories (CFT) has led to major advances in our understanding of quantum field theory and quantum gravity. String theory methods and AdS/CFT correspondence maps provide new ways to think about difficult condensed matter problems. String theory methods based on the AdS/CFT correspondence allow us to transform problems so they have weak interactions and can be solved more easily. They can also help map problems to different descriptions, for instance mapping the description of a fluid using the Navier–Stokes equations to the description of an event horizon of a black hole using Einstein's equations. This textbook covers the applications of string theory methods and the mathematics of AdS/CFT to areas of condensed matter physics. Bridging the gap between string theory and condensed matter, this is a valuable textbook for students and researchers in both fields. The applications of string theory methods to condensed matter physics is a topical subject, and readers will gain understanding of both fields. No background knowledge is assumed so readers can come at the topic from different physics backgrounds. Gives an overview of most string theory methods used for condensed matter, enabling the reader to start research in the area whether their background is in string theory or condensed matter.
String Theory Volume I
by Joseph PolchinskiThe two volumes that comprise String Theory provide an up-to-date, comprehensive account of string theory. Volume 1 provides a thorough introduction to the bosonic string, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. The first four chapters introduce the central ideas of string theory, the tools of conformal field theory, the Polyakov path integral, and the covariant quantization of the string. The book then treats string interactions: the general formalism, and detailed treatments of the tree level and one loop amplitudes. Toroidal compactification and many important aspects of string physics, such as T-duality and D-branes are also covered, as are higher-order amplitudes, including an analysis of their finiteness and unitarity, and various nonperturbative ideas. The volume closes with an appendix giving a short course on path integral methods, followed by annotated references, and a detailed glossary.
Stringer-Panel Models in Structural Concrete: Applied to D-region Design (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Johan BlaauwendraadStructural concrete designers nowadays distinguish between B-regions (named after Bernoulli beam theory) and D-regions (D standing for ‘disturbed’). They are all familiar with B-regions, but less acquainted with the expertise required for D-regions. To design D-regions, the Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) is usually applied, a model laid down worldwide in structural codes of practice. The Stringer-Panel Model (SPM) recommended here is a companion method to the STM, with the advantage of being suitable for different load cases and reversed loading. This being so, the SPM is suitable for linear-elastic analyses where durability is a key consideration, but also suits structural design for contexts of cyclical seismic activity. Finally, this book sets out how structural engineers who prefer the STM can nevertheless apply the SPM to determine a proper strut-and-tie model.
Strings to Strings: Yang-Mills Flux Tubes, QCD Strings and Effective String Theories (Lecture Notes in Physics #1018)
by N. D. Hari DassThis book presents the essentials culminating in the effective string theory of flux tubes in meticulous technical and conceptual detail. The book is divided into four parts. Part One provides historical background, while Part Two (consisting of 14 chapters) covers the passage from Heisenberg's S-matrix theory to String Theory. This includes non-perturbative LSZ formalism, dispersion relations, Regge poles, duality and dual resonance models. Part Three offers a comprehensive analysis of QCD, focusing on important concepts like asymptotic freedom and quark confinement. The section also delves into lattice gauge theories and effective descriptions of superconductivity and strong interactions. Part Four, the final two chapters, describe the lattice gauge theory determinations of Yang-Mills flux tubes in three and four dimensions and effective string theories, including their systematic constructions. These chapters provide detailed technical information to help readers, especially students, develop their expertise in these ideas. This book is ideal for graduate students, postdocs, and senior researchers looking to deepen their understanding of effective string theory and related concepts.
Stripes of All Types
by Susan StockdaleA patterned parade of animals comes to life! What kinds of animals have stripes and why do they have them? With engaging rhymes and bright, bold images, award-winning author-illustrator Susan Stockdale introduces readers to a range of striped animals, familiar and exotic, and some of the benefits of their patterns. In addition to providing beauty and inspiration, stripes can help a creature communicate with and recognize fellow members of its species, provide camouflage for hunting or hiding, or confuse or scare off predators. From the tiger to the Malaysia tapir, the ring-tailed lemur to the zebra, these stunning striped creatures will delight and fascinate budding naturalists. This entrancing companion to Spectacular Spots features energetic rhyming text and beautifully detailed paintings that pop off the page. An afterword tells a little bit more about each animal and where it lives, and readers can test their knowledge of animal stripes with a fun matching game at the end.
Stroke Biomarkers (Neuromethods #147)
by Philip V. Peplow Bridget Martinez Svetlana A. DambinovaThis volume presents the latest data on recent achievements in new and emerging technologies for stroke biomarkers and innovations in stroke assessment. The topics discussed in this book explore the role of upcoming biomarkers in different types of stroke, and explores techniques that will allow researchers to be more effective when approaching clinical management and patient care. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to ensure successful results in the laboratory.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Stroke Biomarkers is a valuable resource for both experimental and clinical scientists interested in expanding their knowledge in the field of stroke research.
Stroke, Body Image, and Self Representation: Psychoanalytic and Neurological Perspectives
by Catherine MorinStroke, Body Image, and Self Representation provides a psychoanalytic reading of the subjective difficulties encountered by patients who have suffered a stroke. The book is based on the words of stroke patients and on their self-portraits, which are then compared with the words and portraits of subjects devoid of brain lesions. Pathological and normal self-portraits illustrate in very concrete terms the libidinal investment of our body parts. The author's original data sheds an entirely new light on the subjective effects of a stroke. On the one hand, the permanent sequelae of a stroke can cause a narcissistic injury; on the other, a stroke may affect the brain circuitry involved in the patient's body image, undoing the normal narcissistic reactions. This may happen after right hemisphere lesions and cause spectacular symptoms, such as the personification of a paralyzed hand or the apparent ignorance of a severe paralysis. This double aspect of a stroke is no small problem for rehabilitation therapists, who must avoid two pitfalls: considering any issue as psychological in nature, as if the brain lesion could not produce any organic changes, or, on the contrary, attributing any behavioural problems to brain dysfunction, as if the patient was devoid of normal psychological reactions. One of the aims of this book is to help therapists gaining their bearings in this little-known field. In addition to this clinical interest, the author's psychoanalytic reading brings an original contribution to the physiopathology of cognition and self-representation. The data gathered by Catherine Morin show that self-representation cannot be considered only a cognitive operation. They also suggest that normal cognitive activity relies on both the stability of body image and the repression of the object. Stroke, Body Image, and Self Representation will appeal to psychoanalysts, psychologists, social workers, psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and rehabilitation therapists working with stroke survivors and patients with body image disorders.
Stroke Rehabilitation: A Function-based Approach (Fourth Edition)
by Glen GillenThe fourth edition of Stroke Rehabilitation: A Function-Based Approach continues to strive to be the most up-to-date text on this topic, incorporating state-of-the-art and evidence-based tools and techniques to maximize function and quality of life for those living with stroke. This edition's contributors include expert clinicians, researchers, and scientists from across the globe. Contributors are experts in various disciplines, including neurology, occupational therapy, physiatry, physical therapy, psychology, and speech and language pathology.
Stroke Revisited: Vascular Cognitive Impairment (Stroke Revisited)
by Seung-Hoon Lee Jae-Sung LimThis book presents state of the art knowledge on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The focus is in particular on two major representative clinical syndromes of VCI: subcortical VCI and post-stroke cognitive impairment. Individual chapters address a wide range of topics and issues, providing up-to-date information on epidemiology, cognitive evaluation, pathophysiology, established and emerging neuroimaging biomarkers, amyloid imaging, serum and genetic biomarkers, prognosis, prevention, and treatment. The accompanying illustrations and photos enable the reader to achieve a ready understanding of the contents and to retrieve fundamental information quickly. The book will be an invaluable resource for stroke physicians, surgeons, and students wishing to learn more about the latest advances, from efforts to harmonize neuropsychological evaluation and improvements in diagnostic criteria through to the role of advanced neuroimaging techniques in deepening understanding of VCI and progress toward more targeted treatment.
Stromal Immunology (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1060)
by Benjamin M.J Owens Matthew A. LakinsResearch into and interest in the role of stromal cells in immunology has exploded over the past 15 years. The conventional view that placed non-hematopoietic stromal cells as passive, structural, and supportive entities has now been replaced with an appreciation that these cells have active, dynamic roles during immune responses, and thus impact on the pathophysiology of multiple immune-mediated diseases. This book serves to provide solid grounding in the fundamentals of stromal immunology, focusing on the biological aspects of their function in addition to highlighting key areas for the development of the field in the future. The book is also a unique source of information on emerging concepts that place stromal cells from outside lymphoid organs as major contributors to the biology of diverse conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic parasitic infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
STROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments
by Joseph Seckbach Vinod TewariSTROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments provides an overview and latest information about the formation of Stromatolites as a result of interaction of microbes with sediments. Eighty-three expert scientists from twenty-seven countries present the chapters in this volume which have been reviewed by thirty four referees. The volume deals with ancient to modern examples of stromatolites and microorganisms which are observed in various diverse environments, such as: marine, nonmarine, lacustrine and extreme geographical areas covering almost the whole earth. The reviews are original articles written by leading experienced experts, some chapters deal with latest instrumental techniques used for the study of microbes and Stromatolites. Other chapters have been contributed by young researchers who revealed updated data on Stromatolites. The astrobiological implications of early microbiota, sulfur isotopic ratios, microbialites in extreme conditions on earth has opened up new vistas in the search of extraterrestrial life.
Stromsensor mit zirkularem Polarisator und Regelkreis (essentials)
by Reiner ThieleReiner Thiele bearbeitet ein grunds#65533;tzliches Problem der Messtechnik: die potenzialgetrennte Messung elektrischer Str#65533;me ohne Eingriff in den Stromkreis der Messgr#65533;#65533;e. Die L#65533;sung ist die Schaltungsanordnung eines reflektierenden Stromsensors zur Messung elektrischer Str#65533;me mit automatischer Kompensation der Doppelbrechung und streng linearer Beziehung zwischen Messwerten und -gr#65533;#65533;e. Wiederholt gelang dem Autor mit dieser Erfindung die exakte L#65533;sung einer nichtlinearen Differenzialgleichung (DGL), die diese Schaltungsanordnung beschreibt. Au#65533;erdem appliziert er einen rechts- oder linksdrehenden zirkularen Polarisator zur messgr#65533;#65533;enabh#65533;ngigen Ver#65533;nderung der transversalen Komponente einer elektrischen Verschiebungsflussdichte in den Sensor-Lichtwellenleitern (LWL).
Stromspeicher und Power-to-Gas im deutschen Energiesystem: Rahmenbedingungen, Bedarf und Einsatzmöglichkeiten
by Martin ZapfDieses Fachbuch gibt Aufschluss über die Grundzüge des deutschen Stromsystems und geht auf aktuelle Entwicklungen ein. Unter Berücksichtigung zahlreicher beeinflussender Faktoren und eines Literaturreviews wird der Stromspeicherbedarf in Deutschland abgeschätzt und zusammen mit Berechnungen zu Stromspeicherkosten ausgewählte Technologien beurteilt. In diesem Rahmen wird die aktuelle Gesetzeslage sowie die Netzdienlichkeit bzw. Netzverträglichkeit von Stromspeichern beleuchtet. Power-to-Gas inkl. der vorhandenen Erdgasinfrastruktur ist ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet. Letztlich werden die Potenziale synthetischer Gase im Verkehrsektor aufgezeigt sowie die Erdgas- und Elektromobilität gegenübergestellt.
Strömungsgeräusche (Fachwissen Technische Akustik)
by Michael Möser Gerhard MüllerDieser Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik behandelt Schallquellen, bei denen die Schallentstehung auf aerodynamische bzw. hydrodynamische Strömungsvorgänge zurückzuführen ist oder bei denen Strömungsvorgänge zumindest eine wesentliche Einflussgröße darstellen. Die Kapitel erläutern die Schallentstehung durch Strömungen an einigen typischen Beispielen.
Strong: Psalm 1
by Sally Lloyd-JonesInspired by Psalm 1, Strong&’s lyrical text reminds little ones that God loves them and gives them strength. From Sally Lloyd-Jones, the author of the bestselling The Jesus Storybook Bible, and award-winning illustrator Jago, this uplifting board book encourages little ones to find strength in God&’s great love for them.Like a little tree planted by a fresh stream, children can grow strong and joyful when they draw close to God&’s Never Stopping, Never Giving Up, Unbreaking, Always and Forever Love.Strong is perfect for babies and infants ages 0-4 and features:Lyrical text inspired by Psalm 1An inspiring message that reminds kids they can find strength, joy, and love in GodA padded cover that is a perfect fit for little handsBeautiful illustrations by JagoA great gift for a new baby, Baptism, First Communion, or birthday Look for additional inspirational stories for little ones in this board book series inspired by The Jesus Storybook Bible:Happy: Psalm 92Known: Psalm 139Near: Psalm 139Loved: The Lord&’s PrayerFound: Psalm 23
Strong Coulomb Correlations in Electronic Structure Calculations (Advances in Condensed Matter Science)
by Vladimir I. AnisimovMaterials where electrons show nearly localized rather than itinerant behaviour, such as the high-temperature superconducting copper oxides, or manganate oxides, are attracting interest due to their physical properties and potential applications. For these materials, the interaction between electrons, or electron correlation, plays an important rol
Strong Fermion Interactions in Fractional Quantum Hall States: Correlation Functions (Springer Series In Solid-state Sciences Ser. #193)
by Shashikant Mulay John J. Quinn Mark ShattuckThis monograph presents an intuitive theory of trial wave functions for strongly interacting fermions in fractional quantum Hall states. The correlation functions for the proposed fermion interactions follow a novel algebraic approach that harnesses the classical theory of invariants and semi-invariants of binary forms. This approach can be viewed as a fitting and far-reaching generalization of Laughlin’s approach to trial wave functions. Aesthetically viewed, it illustrates an attractive symbiosis between the theory of invariants and the theory of correlations. Early research into numerical diagonalization computations for small numbers of electrons shows strong agreement with the constructed trial wave functions.The monograph offers researchers and students of condensed matter physics an accessible discussion of this interesting area of research.
Strong Field Laser Physics
by Thomas BrabecDue to the rapid progress in laser technology a wealth of novel fundamental and applied applications of lasers in atomic and plasma physics have become possible. This book focuses on the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter. It reviews the state of the art of high power laser sources, intensity laser-atom and laser-plasma interactions, laser matter interaction at relativistic intensities, and QED with intense lasers.
Strong Light–Matter Interactions in Extreme Plasmonic and Mie-Resonant Systems (Springer Theses)
by P. Elli StamatopoulouCollective excitations in matter, either in the form of plasmons in metals or Mie resonances in high-index dielectrics, constitute fundamental building blocks for photonic applications, including optical and quantum communications, biosensing, and polaritonic chemistry. Motivated by these prospects, this book explores excitations sustained in metallic and dielectric nanocavities and their interaction with light, quantum emitters, and swift electrons. The book presents analytic methods for describing the strong and weak coupling between spherical nanocavities and optical transitions in matter, while also analyzing the impact of nonlocality on the coupling, when considering extremely small metallic structures. Besides light-based spectroscopy, it examines electrons as sources for probing optical excitations in matter and provides analytic tools for simulating measurements in cathodoluminescence and electron energy-loss spectroscopy.
Stronger, Faster, and More Beautiful
by Arwen Elys Dayton<P><P>For fans of television shows Black Mirror and Westworld, this compelling, mind-bending novel is a twisted look into the future, exploring the lengths we'll go to remake ourselves into the perfect human specimen and what it means to be human at all. <P><P>The future is curious. <P><P>STRONGER <P><P>Today our bodies define us. We color our hair; tattoo our skin; pierce our ears, brows, noses. We lift weights, run miles, break records. We are flesh and blood and bone. <P><P>FASTER <P><P>Tomorrow has different rules. The future is no longer about who we are--it's about who we want to be. If you can dream it, you can be it. Science will make us smarter, healthier, flawless in every way. Our future is boundless. <P><P>MORE BEAUTIFUL <P><P>This is a story that begins tomorrow. It's a story about us. It's a story about who comes after us. And it's a story about perfection. Because perfection has a way of getting ugly.
The Strongest Boy in the World: How Genetic Information Is Reshaping Our Lives (Updated and Expanded Edition)
by Philip R. ReillyThis updated edition includes an essay about the fast-moving and controversial field of personal genomics. In the essay, Reilly explains how new, cutting-edge technologies have facilitated the rapid discovery of genetic markers associated with ailments such as macular degeneration, heart disease, and schizophrenia. He describes how the same powerful technologies can be used to interpret the DNA sequence of anyone in the world--who can afford it. But how valuable are the data obtained from these tests? Will "personalized medicine" really improve our health and well-being? And at what cost? Reilly's new essay is a worthy addition to his entertaining and informative collection of stories on topics such as genetics and the future of sports, the evolutionary origins of humans, the mysteries of genetic diseases, the similarities between dogs and people, the impact of genetic engineering on what we eat, and the ethical dimensions of stem cell research.
Stronghold: One Man's Quest to Save the World's Wild Salmon
by Tucker Malarkey“A powerful and inspiring story. Guido Rahr’s mission to save the wild Pacific salmon leads him into adventures that make for a breathtakingly exciting read.”—Ian Frazier, author of Travels in Siberia In the tradition of Mountains Beyond Mountains and The Orchid Thief, Stronghold is Tucker Malarkey’s eye-opening account of an unlikely visionary and his crusade to protect the world’s last bastion of wild salmon. From a young age, Guido Rahr was a misfit among his family and classmates, preferring to spend his time in the natural world. An obsessive fly fisherman, Rahr noticed when the salmon runs of the Pacific Northwest began to decline—and was one of the few who understood why. As dams, industry, and climate change degraded the homes of these magnificent fish, Rahr saw that the salmon of the Pacific Rim were destined to go the way of their Atlantic brethren: near extinction. An improbable and inspiring story, Stronghold takes us on a wild adventure, from Oregon to Alaska to one of the world’s last remaining salmon strongholds in the Russian Far East, a landscape of ecological richness and diversity that is rapidly being developed for oil, gas, minerals, and timber. Along the way, Rahr contends with scientists, conservationists, Russian oligarchs, corrupt officials, and unexpected allies in an attempt to secure a stronghold for the endangered salmon, an extraordinary keystone species whose demise would reverberate across the planet.Tucker Malarkey, who joins Rahr in the Russian wilderness, has written a clarion call for a sustainable future, a remarkable work of natural history, and a riveting account of a species whose future is closely linked to our own.Advance praise for Stronghold“This book isn’t just about fish, it’s about life itself and the fragile unseen threads that connect all creatures across this beleaguered orb we call home. Guido Rahr’s quest to save the world’s wild salmon should serve as an inspiration—and a provocation—for us all, and Tucker Malarkey’s exquisite book captures Rahr’s weird and wonderful story with poignancy, humor, and grace.”—Hampton Sides, author of In the Kingdom of Ice and Blood and Thunder“A crazy-good, intensely lived book that reads like an international thriller—only it’s our beloved salmon playing the part of diamonds or oil or gold.”—David James Duncan, author of The River Why and The Brothers K
Strongly Correlated Fermi Systems: A New State of Matter (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #283)
by Miron Amusia Vasily ShaginyanThis book focuses on the topological fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT), a phenomenon that reveals the complex behavior of all strongly correlated Fermi systems, such as heavy fermion metals, quantum spin liquids, quasicrystals, and two-dimensional systems, considering these as a new state of matter. The book combines theoretical evaluations with arguments based on experimental grounds demonstrating that the entirety of very different strongly correlated Fermi systems demonstrates a universal behavior induced by FCQPT. In contrast to the conventional quantum phase transition, whose physics in the quantum critical region are dominated by thermal or quantum fluctuations and characterized by the absence of quasiparticles, the physics of a Fermi system near FCQPT are controlled by a system of quasiparticles resembling the Landau quasiparticles. The book discusses the modification of strongly correlated systems under the action of FCQPT, representing the “missing” instability, which paves the way for developing an entirely new approach to condensed matter theory; and presents this physics as a new method for studying many-body objects. Based on the authors’ own theoretical investigations, as well as salient theoretical and experimental studies conducted by others, the book is well suited for both students and researchers in the field of condensed matter physics.