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Structure- and Adatom-Enriched Essential Properties of Graphene Nanoribbons
by Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran Shih-Yang Lin Sheng-Lin Chang Wu-Pei Su Ming-Fa LinStructure- and Adatom-Enriched Essential Properties of Graphene Nanoribbons offers a systematic review of the feature-rich essential properties in emergent graphene nanoribbons, covering mainstream theoretical and experimental research. It includes a wide range of 1D systems; namely, armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons with and without hydrogen terminations, curved and zipped graphene nanoribbons, folded graphene nanoribbons, carbon nanoscrolls, bilayer graphene nanoribbons, edge-decorated graphene nanoribbons, and alkali-, halogen-, Al-, Ti, and Bi-absorbed graphene nanoribbons. Both multiorbital chemical bondings and spin arrangements, which are responsible for the diverse phenomena, are explored in detail. First-principles calculations are developed to thoroughly describe the physical, chemical, and material phenomena and concise images explain the fundamental properties. This book examines in detail the application and theory of graphene nanoribbons, offering a new perspective on up-to-date mainstream theoretical and experimental research.
Structure and Biological Functions of Histones
by L.S. HnilicaThis book endeavours to present an analysis of the current knowledge of the structure properties and possible functions of histones. The broad scope of this topic prevents the discussion of certain individual aspects in any detail. For this purpose, some of the more specialised review articles should be consulted. However, the present volume will contribute to a more general understanding of histone biochemistry and will provide stimulation, as well as source references, to the student of the cell nucleus and its functions.
Structure and Bonding in Crystalline Materials
by Gregory S. RohrerHow can elements be combined to produce a solid with specified properties? This book acquaints readers with the established principles of crystallography and cohesive forces needed to address the fundamental relationship among composition, structure and bonding. Starting with an introduction to periodic trends, the book discusses crystal structures and the various primary and secondary bonding types, and finishes by describing a number of models for predicting phase stability and structure. Its large number of worked examples, exercises, and detailed descriptions of numerous crystal structures make this an outstanding advanced undergraduate or graduate-level textbook for students of materials science.
Structure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides
by Andrzej Stokłosa Stefan S. KurekStructure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides presents diagrams and numerical data of important properties of spinels and oxides based on experimental results published in the literature. The values of many parameters presented can be used for optimization of preparation of new systems, to predict the practical properties of these systems. Applications include electronic devices, new metallic alloys with improved corrosion resistance, new ceramic materials, and novel catalysts, particularly for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. Organized into four comprehensive parts, the authors present the problem of the structure and concentration of ionic and electronic defects in magnetite and hausmannite, pure and doped with M3+ cations, and in spinels exhibiting magnetic properties and high electric conductance. Additional Features include: Includes 236 figures presenting equilibrium diagrams of point defects and other useful details related to stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric spinels and oxides. Details novel methods of calculation of equilibria involving point defects. Collects scattered data published in nearly 500 original articles since the 1950s on spinels and oxides in one useful volume. Building upon the data presented, this book is an indispensable reference for material scientists and engineers developing new metal or oxide-based systems can easily calculate other useful parameters and compare the properties of different materials to select the best candidates for an intended use.
The Structure and Confirmation of Evolutionary Theory (Contributions In Philosophy Ser. #No. 37)
by Elisabeth A. LloydTraditionally a scientific theory is viewed as based on universal laws of nature that serve as axioms for logical deduction. In analyzing the logical structure of evolutionary biology, Elisabeth Lloyd argues that the semantic account is more appropriate and powerful. This book will be of interest to biologists and philosophers alike.
Structure and Dynamics of Asymmetric Interactions
by Naohito ChinoThis book integrates the fundamentals of asymmetric multidimensional scaling, spectral graph theory, graph embedding theory, and various dynamical systems theories, that deal with the static and dynamic aspects of asymmetric phenomena. In this way, it provides a comprehensive introduction to theories and methods for analyzing phenomena observed universally in social, behavioral, economical, geographical, biological, neural, chemical reaction and other networks. The topics addressed in here include the notions of asymmetric similarity matrices, graph spectra, dimension reduction, and difference and differential equations to describe the dynamics of networks, bifurcation of vector fields, Mandelbrot sets, fractals and chaos, and Hilbert spaces. Illustrated by carefully chosen examples and supported by extensive simulation studies, the book is highly recommended to readers who seek to discover static asymmetric structures among members or nodes. It also appeals to those who want to understand the kinds of dynamics that are theoretically possible in their research domains.
Structure and Dynamics of Compact Stars (Lecture Notes in Physics #1019)
by Omar BenharThis book aims at providing an accessible, and yet comprehensive and self-contained discussion of compact stars. After a pedagogical introduction to the physics of white dwarfs, the bulk of the book is devoted to the analysis of the structure and dynamics of neutron stars. A great deal of emphasis is placed on the dynamical models underlying the description of neutron star matter at microscopic level. The analysis of these models is inherently cross-disciplinary - from nuclear and particle physics to astrophysics and condensed matter physics – and the relevant concepts are introduced following a didactic approach, drawing largely on the historical development of the field. The impact of the latest experimental data, such as gravitational waves emissions, and the potential of future observational developments in the new era of multimessenger astronomy are extensively discussed. This volume is intended to provide PhD students in physics and astrophysics with solid foundations for their future research career. It is also a useful tool for the broader audience of more advanced readers, working in the fields of nuclear and particle physics as well as gravitational physics.
The Structure and Dynamics of Human Ecosystems: Toward a Model for Understanding and Action
by Gary E. Machlis Jo Ellen Force William R. BurchA landmark book that strives to provide both grand theory and practical application, innovatively describing the structure and dynamics of human ecosystems As the world faces ever more complex and demanding environmental and social challenges, the need for interdisciplinary models and practical guidance becomes acute. The Human Ecosystem Model described in this landmark book provides an innovative response. Broad in scope, detailed in method, at once theoretical and applied, this grand study offers an in-depth understanding of human ecosystems and tools for action. The authors draw from Goethe’s Faust, classic anthropology and sociology studies, contemporary ecosystem ecology, Buddhist ethics, and more to create a paradigm-shifting model and a major advance in interdisciplinary ecology.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Ultrathin In Films on Si (Springer Theses)
by Shigemi TerakawaThis book reports the establishment of a single-atomic layer metal of In and a novel (In, Mg) ultrathin film on Si(111) surfaces. A double-layer phase of In called “rect” has been extensively investigated as a two-dimensional metal. Another crystalline phase called “hex” was also suggested, but it had not been established due to difficulty in preparing the sample. The author succeeded in growing the large and high-quality sample of the hex phase and revealed that it is a single-layer metal. The author also established a new triple-atomic layer (In, Mg) film with a nearly freestanding character by Mg deposition onto the In double layer. This work proposes a novel method to decouple ultrathin metal films from Si dangling bonds.The present study demonstrates interesting properties of indium itself, which is a p-block metal both with metallicity and covalency. In this book, readers also see principles of various surface analysis techniques and learn how to use them and analyze the results in the real systems. This book is useful to researchers and students interested in surface science, particularly ultrathin metal films on semiconductor surfaces.
Structure and Function
by Peter CombaThe thermodynamic properties, reactivities and electronic properties of molecular compounds and materials depend on structure. Therefore, an important basis for progress is to fully appreciate and fundamentally understand the intimate relation between structure and function. Structure and Function describes various fundamental aspects of structures, dynamics and physics of molecules and materials. The approaches, data and models discussed include new theoretical developments, computational studies and experimental work from molecular chemistry to biology and materials science.
Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management (Advances in Agroecology)
by Masae Shiyomi Hiroshi KoizumiStructure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management presents an advanced discussion of the need to design agricultural systems that 1) increase reliance on biological interactions in agroecosystems as a means of decreasing dependence on the use of large quantities of agrochemicals and the consumption of fossil fuel energy and 2) continue
The Structure and Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities (Advances in Environmental Microbiology #7)
by Christon J. HurstThis book discusses how aquatic microbial communities develop interactive metabolic coordination both within and between species to optimize their energetics. It explains that microbial community structuration often includes functional stratification among a multitude of organisms that variously exist either suspended in the water, lodged in sediments, or bound to one another as biofilms on solid surfaces. The authors describe techniques that can be used for preparing and distributing microbiologically safe drinking water, which presents the challenge of successfully removing the pathogenic members of the aquatic microbial community and then safely delivering that water to consumers. Drinking water distribution systems have their own microbial ecology, which we must both understand and control in order to maintain the safety of the water supply. Since studying aquatic microorganisms often entails identifying them, the book also discusses techniques for successfully isolating and cultivating bacteria. As such, it appeals to microbiologists, microbial ecologists and water quality scientists.
Structure and Function of GPCRs (Topics in Medicinal Chemistry #30)
by Guillaume LebonThis book introduces readers to the latest advances in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology. It reviews our current understanding of the structural basis of ligand binding and allosteric mechanisms, following a decade of technological breakthroughs. Several examples of structure-based drug discovery are presented, together with the future challenges involved in designing better drugs that target GPCRs. In turn, the book illustrates the important concept of GPCR biased signaling in physiological contexts, and presents fluorescent- and light-based methodologies frequently used to measure GPCR signaling or to trace their dynamics in cells upon ligand activation. Taken together, the chapters provide an essential overview and toolkit for new scientific investigators who plan to develop GPCR projects. All chapters were written by experts in their respective fields, and share valuable insights and powerful methodologies for the GPCR field.
Structure and Function of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
by Peter Tompa Alan FershtThe existence and functioning of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) challenge the classical structure-function paradigm that equates function with a well-defined 3D structure. Uncovering the disordered complement of proteomes and understanding their functioning can extend the structure-function paradigm to herald new breakthroughs in drug dev
Structure and Function of Membrane Proteins (Methods in Molecular Biology #2302)
by Ingeborg Schmidt-Krey James C. GumbartThis book examines detailed experimental and computational approaches for the analysis of many aspects vital to the understanding of membrane protein structure and function. Readers will receive guidance on the selection and use of methods for over-expression and purification, tools to characterize membrane proteins within different phospholipid bilayers, direction on functional studies, and approaches to determine the structures of membrane proteins. Detailed experimental steps for specific membrane proteins with critical notes allow the protocols to be modified to different systems. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of practical information and implementation advice that leads to excellent, reproducible results. Authoritative and up-to-date, Structure and Function Studies of Membrane Proteins serves as an ideal guide for biologists, biochemists, and biophysicists striving to further understand these essential proteins and their many biological roles.
Structure and Function of Mountain Ecosystems in Japan
by Gaku KudoThe purpose of this book is to summarize new insights on the structure and function of mountain ecosystems and to present evidence and perspectives on the impact of climate change on biodiversity. This volume describes overall features of high-mountain ecosystems in Japan, which are characterized by clear seasonality and snow-thawing dynamics. Individual chapters cover a variety of unique topics, namely, vegetation dynamics along elevations, the physiological function of alpine plants, the structure of flowering phenology, plant-pollinator interactions, the geographical pattern of coniferous forests, terrestrial-aquatic linkage in carbon dynamics, and the community structure of bacteria in mountain lake systems. High-mountain ecosystems are characterized by unique flora and fauna, including many endemic and rare species. On the other hand, the systems are extremely vulnerable to environmental change. The biodiversity is maintained by the existence of spatiotemporally heterogeneous habitats along environmental gradients, such as elevation and snowmelt time. Understanding the structure and function of mountain ecosystems is crucial for the conservation of mountain biodiversity and the prediction of the climate change impacts. The diverse studies and integrated synthesis presented in this book provide readers with a holistic view of mountain ecosystems. It is a recommended read for anyone interested in mountain ecosystems and alpine plants, including undergraduate and graduate students studying ecology, field workers involved in conservational activity in mountains, policymakers planning ecosystem management of protected areas, and researchers of general ecology. In particular, this book will be of interest to ecologists of countries who are not familiar with Japanese mountain ecosystems, which are characterized by humid summers, cold winters, and the snowiest climate in the world.
Structure and Function of Plants
by Jennifer W. MacAdamPlant anatomy and physiology and a broad understanding of basic plant processes are of primary importance to a basic understanding of plant science. These areas serve as the first important building blocks in a variety of fields of study, including botany, plant biology, and horticulture. Structure and Function of Plants will serve as a text aimed at undergraduates in the plant sciences that will provide an accurate overview of complex plant processes as well as details essential to a basic understanding of plant anatomy and physiology. Presented in an engaging style with full-color illustrations, Structure and Function of Plants will appeal to undergraduates, faculty, extension faculty, and members of Master Gardener programs.
Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome
by Charles J. DormanPresents an integrated view of the expression of bacterial genetic information, genome architecture and function, and bacterial physiology and pathogenesis This book blends information from the very latest research on bacterial chromosome and nucleoid architecture, whole-genome analysis, cell signaling, and gene expression control with well-known gene regulation paradigms from model organisms (including pathogens) to give readers a picture of how information flows from the environment to the gene, modulating its expression and influencing the competitive fitness of the microbe. Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome explores the governance of the expression of the genes that make a bacterium what it is, and updates the basics of gene expression control with information about transcription promoter structure and function, the role of DNA as a regulatory factor (in addition to its role as a carrier of genetic information), small RNAs, RNAs that sense chemical signals, ribosomes and translation, posttranslational modification of proteins, and protein secretion. It looks at the forces driving the conservation and the evolution of the dynamic genome and offers chapters that cover DNA replication, DNA repair, plasmid biology, recombination, transposition, the roles of repetitive DNA sequences, horizontal gene transfer, the defense of the genome by CRISPR-Cas, restriction enzymes, Argonaute proteins and BREX systems. The book finishes with a chapter that gives an integrated overview of genome structure and function. Blends knowledge of gene regulatory mechanisms with a consideration of nucleoid structure and dynamics Offers a 'DNA-centric' approach to considering transcription control Views horizontal gene transfer from a gene regulation perspective Assesses the opportunities and limitations of designing synthetic microbes or rewiring existing ones Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome is an ideal book for graduate and undergraduate students studying microbial cell biology, bacterial pathogenesis, gene regulation, and molecular microbiology. It will also appeal to principal investigators conducting research on these and related topics and researchers in synthetic biology and other arms of biotechnology.
Structure and Function of the Body (10th Edition)
by Gary A. Thibodeau Kevin T. PattonThis edition of Structure & Function of the Body retains many features that have proved successful in over 35 years of classroom use; yet as a new text it presents a wealth of carefully selected new content, as well as pedagogical enhancements that will better serve the needs of today's instructors and students.
Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM
by Vladimir BerezinThis book contains review articles that produce a snapshot of recent developments in the field of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. The chapters are grouped into sections reflecting various aspects of NCAM structure and function. The themes cover the structural basis of cell adhesion mediated by NCAM and NCAM interaction partners, NCAM-mediated signaling determinants of NCAM function under physiological conditions and in disease, and the therapeutic potential of NCAM mimetics.
Structure and Functional Properties of Colloidal Systems (Surfactant Science)
by Roque Hidalgo-ÁlvarezIntegrating fundamental research with the technical applications of this rapidly evolving field, Structure and Functional Properties of Colloidal Systems clearly presents the connections between structure and functional aspects in colloid and interface science. It explores the physical fundamentals of colloid science, new developments of synthesis
Structure and Functions of Amine Oxidases
by MondoviA good portion of this book has been devoted to the copper-dependent enzymes, these being the more numerous. The chapter dealing with serum amine oxidases also focuses attention on their catalytic mechanism, as these enzymes have been studied in greater depth.As the presentation of topics whose experimental basis is rapidly developing is likely to stimulate the reader‘s interest, many bibliographic references have been included.Readers could find this book poor, as far as many topics are dealt with in a relatively little space, but we believe it essential to trace the background of our present knowledge in the field of amine oxidases, stressing the future outlook of research on these enzymes, for they are becoming more and more important in general and medical biochemistry.
Structure and Functions of Pedosphere
by Bhoopander Giri Rupam Kapoor Qiang-Sheng Wu Ajit VarmaThis edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link between geological and biological substances circulation in the terrestrial ecosystems. In the processes making available vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food production. With the depth of information on different aspects of soil, this extensive volume is a valuable resource for the researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture, scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students in the area of soil and environmental science.
Structure and Health Effects of Natural Products on Diabetes Mellitus
by Haixia Chen Min ZhangThe purpose of this book is to introduce the classified chemical components of hypoglycemic compounds in natural products, summarize the recent research progress of natural products with hypoglycemic activity in the past 20 years, and provide the original analysis and development opinions of relevant scholars. Hypoglycemic compounds are to target diabetes mellitus, an important public health problem, one of four priority noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine and metabolic disease, which not only causes physiological damage to patients' kidneys, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels, peripheral blood vessels, nerves and eyes, but also causes mental and psychological pressure to patients. Due to the evidence that traditional medicine and natural herbal formula have advantages in treating diabetes, natural products with hypoglycemic activity have been studied extensively in recent years and have been accepted by many scholars all over the world.This book focuses on the progress on the study of the structure, hypoglycemic activities, structure-activity relationships and mechanism of a wide range of polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols and other constituents. It will help students and researchers to understand current approaches and progress in the treatment of diabetes with natural products, which may also be beneficial to develop new hypoglycemic drugs.
Structure and Method in Aristotle's Meteorologica
by Malcolm WilsonIn the first full-length study in any modern language dedicated to the Meteorologica, Malcolm Wilson presents a groundbreaking interpretation of Aristotle's natural philosophy. Divided into two parts, the book first addresses general philosophical and scientific issues by placing the treatise in a diachronic frame comprising Aristotle's predecessors and in a synchronic frame comprising his other physical works. It argues that Aristotle thought of meteorological phenomena as intermediary or 'dualizing' between the cosmos as a whole and the manifold world of terrestrial animals. Engaging with the best current literature on Aristotle's theories of science and metaphysics, Wilson focuses on issues of aetiology, teleology and the structure and unity of science. The second half of the book illustrates Aristotle's principal concerns in a section-by-section treatment of the meteorological phenomena and provides solutions to many of the problems that have been raised since the time of the ancient commentators.