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Tropical Fruits, Volume 2
by Odilo Duarte Robert E PaullVolume 2 of this revised edition of Tropical Fruits examines the more specialist tropical fruits such as guava, durian, mangosteen, passion fruits and palm fruits. With growing interest in the cultivation, production, study, sales and marketability of these specialist fruits, this is a timely and informative book. Topics like botany, soil and climate requirements, cultivar development, world production and harvesting and postharvest handling are covered in-depth for each crop. This practical and accessible book is an ideal text for Horticulture academics, researchers, extension workers, students, breeders, growers and policy makers.
Tropical Marine Environments of Brazil: Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneities and Responses to Climate Changes (The Latin American Studies Book Series)
by José Maria Landim Dominguez Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi Moacyr Cunha de Araújo Filho Ralf Schwamborn Helenice VitalThis book provides an overview of the tropical marine environments of Brazil and a multi-disciplinary assessment of the impact of ongoing climate change in these environments. These changes will affect physical, biological and biogeochemical characteristics of coastal zones and oceans, modifying their ecological structure, their functions and the various services provided to humans and have the potential of causing severe socioeconomic impacts in local (coastal zone), regional (continental shelf and shallow seas) and global (ocean) scales. The Tropical Brazil presents a unique opportunity to evaluate how spatial and temporal heterogeneity influences the response and resilience of marine environments to climate changes. This region comprises the main reef constructions of the Western South Atlantic Ocean, the majority of the Brazilian deltas, one of the longest mangrove areas of the world, a very narrow and shallow continental shelf, extreme variations in sediment and nutrient flows, as well as undeniable importance in transferring heat and mass between hemispheres.
Tropical Marine Mollusks: An Illustrated Biogeographical Guide
by Edward J. Petuch David P. BerschauerMarine biogeography, the study of the spatial distribution of organisms in the world’s oceans, is one of the most fascinating branches of oceanography. This book continues the pioneering research into the distributions of molluscan faunas, first studied by biologists over 160 years ago. It illustrates 1778 species of gastropods in full color, many of which are extremely rare and poorly known endemic species that are illustrated for the first time outside of their original descriptions. The spatial arrangements of malacofaunas shown in this book can be considered proxies for worldwide oceanic conditions and used as tools for determining patterns of global climate change. The book's documentation of evolutionary "hot spots" and geographically restricted endemic faunas can also be used as a base line for future studies on patterns of environmental deterioration and extinction in the marine biosphere. Documenting the evolution of the amazingly rich worldwide gastropod fauna, this book will appeal to physical and chemical oceanographers, systematic and evolutionary biologists, historical geologists, paleontologists, climatologists, geomorphologists, and physical geographers. The authors incorporate aspects of all of these disciplines into a new classification system for the nomenclature of biogeographical spatial units found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate seas.
Tropical Meteorology: An Introduction
by Lydia Stefanova T. N. Krishnamurti Vasubandhu MisraThis book is designed as an introductory course in Tropical Meteorology for the graduate or advanced level undergraduate student. The material within can be covered in a one-semester course program. The text starts from the global scale-view of the Tropics, addressing the zonally symmetric and asymmetric features of the tropical circulation. It then goes on to progressively smaller spatial and time scales - from the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Asian Monsoon, down to tropical waves, hurricanes, sea breezes, and tropical squall lines. The emphasis in most chapters is on the observational aspects of the phenomenon in question, the theories regarding its nature and maintenance, and the approaches to its numerical modeling. The concept of scale interactions is also presented as a way of gaining insight into the generation and redistribution of energy for the maintenance of oscillations of a variety of spatial and temporal scales.
Tropical Montane Cloud Forests
by L. A. Bruijnzeel F. N. Scatena L. S. Hamilton L. A. Bruijnzeel F. N. ScatenaUntil relatively recently the valuable tropical montane cloud forests (hereaf ter usually referred to as TMCFs) of the world had scarcely come under the assaults experienced by the downslope montane and lowland forests. TMCFs are not hospitable environments for human occupation, and their remoteness (except in places near Andean high mountain settlements and in the Ethiopian Highlands) and difficult terrain have given them de facto protection. The ad jacent upper montane rain forests have indeed been under assault for timber, fuelwood, and for conversion to grazing and agriculture for many decades, even centuries in the Andes, but true cloud forest has only come under ex ploitation as these lower elevational resources have disappeared. They have also been "nibbled" at from above where there have been alpine grasslands under grazing pressure. Increasingly now, however, these cloud forest eco systems are being fragmented, reduced, and disturbed at an alarming rate. It is now becoming recognized that steps must be taken rapidly to increase our understanding of TMCF and to achieve their conservation, because: their water-capture function is extremely important to society; * their species endemism is high; they serve as refugia for endangered species being marginalized in these environments by increasingly transformed lower elevation ecosystems; they are relatively little studied; yet, their value to science is extremely high; they have low resilience to disturbance; vii viii Preface and many other reasons, which will be discussed subsequently in this publi cation.
Tropical Orchids
by David P. BanksTropical Orchids is the latest title in Periplus' series of Nature Guides, which cover diverse subjects of tropical flora and fauna. This volume is a handy field guide that provides an excellent introduction to over 120 exotic orchid species found in Southeast Asia, many unique to the region. Included are full-color photographs of their extraordinarily beautiful blooms and a wealth of expert botanical information. The photographs by David P. Banks, noted authority on tropical orchids, will delight orchid lovers all over the world.
Tropical Peatland Eco-evaluation
by Mitsuru Osaki Nobuyuki Tsuji Tsuyoshi Kato Albertus SulaimanThis book focuses on eco-evaluation system monitoring and sensing, carbon-water modeling, mapping, and disaster prediction. It is the 3rd book on tropical peatland issues, following 1st "Tropical Peatland Ecosystem" and 2nd "Tropical Peatland Eco-management" publications. Tropical peatland is also a wetland, mangrove, and rainforest. With this nature, two major key elements of tropical peatland are water and forest. This book introduces the relationship and interaction among water, oxygen, and nutrients as well as aspects of the forest as the driving force of carbon stock and the carbon cycle. Eco-evaluation system is key to conserving, managing, and restoring tropical peatlands, however comprehensive system for Eco-evaluation in the Tropics is not yet established. This book reviews and proposes Eco-evaluation methods in the Tropics Ecosystem, focusing mainly on the peatland ecosystem and others, covering Social Capital such as Credit, Bonds, National Accounting, etc.
Tropical Peatland Eco-management
by Mitsuru Osaki Nobuyuki Tsuji Nazir Foead Jack RieleyIn this "Tropical Peatland Eco-management" book, eco-management is new terminology as an abbreviation of "ecology-based management for natural capital enhancement". Key concept on this eco-management is derived from previous book: "Tropical Peatland Ecosystem"(Springer, 2015, eds. by M. Osaki and N. Tsuji). Based on this new concept, this book thoroughly examines tropical peatland eco-management for scientists, political decision makers, governmental officials, land managers, students, and NGO/NPOs who are interested in 1) what the impact of peatland on climate change and ecosystem function, 2) how the management of disturbed peatland, and 3) drawing global scale restoration mechanisms of peatland and wetland. In tropical peatland, a large amount of GHGs (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) is emitted due to the unappropriate development and inadequate management of peatland. The peatland ecosystems consist of the carbon–water complex, which is affected easily by the impact of human and climate change. Throughout much research of tropical peatland, the problems that result from development of tropical peatland are found to stem mainly from a lack of understanding of the complexities of this ecosystem and the fragility of the relationship between peat and forest and also between carbon and water. In past, almost all peatland development and management system have been generally designed on “water drainage system”. On the contrast of old system, an innovated eco- management is, here, proposed as “water irrigation system”, including water cycling and natural capital enhancement. Through this book readers will learn the advanced peatland eco-management, with more practical methods and procedure based on ecosystem knowledge.
Tropical Phyconomy Coalition Development: Focus on Eucheumatoid Seaweeds (Developments in Applied Phycology #11)
by Alan T. Critchley Anicia Q. Hurtado Iain Charles NeishTropical seaweeds represent a major source of diversity and potential for cultivation. Cultivation of seaweeds has been coined “phyconomy” (derived from phycology and agronomy). One of the world’s most important groups of tropical seaweeds is the eucheumatoids (comprising members of the genera Kappaphycus and Eucheuma). Whilst the biomass from these seaweeds is mostly used to produce colloids (i.e., various carrageenans) trends are changing and new, value-added applications are emerging including bioactives for agriculture, pharmaceutical applications, as well as bioplastics and possibly energy when processed as part of a MUZE (i.e., multi-stream, zero effluent), or biorefinery approach. Phyconomic activities around the production of seaweed biomass provides socio-economic benefits for many hundreds of thousands of global, coastal dwellers around a circum-tropical belt. However, times are changing and the once, repetitive manual aspects of attaching seaweed fragments to ropes and nets is beginning to be mechanized. Whilst it has taken agronomy several thousands of years to develop on land, its phyconomic counterpart is, at best, 50 years old in relation to developments in cultivation of eucheumatoids. Activities around cultivation of these tropical seaweeds can contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This book contains contributions from many of the world’s authorities on tropical seaweed farming with a focus on the eucheumatoids. There are many lessons learned and best-practice examples which will be of interest to students of phyconomy (phycology), marine science, industrial users of cultivated biomass, as well as practitioners in charge of coastal zone management and ensuring responsible and sustainable socio-economic benefits are derived from marine resources for coastal dwellers.
Tropical Pinnipeds: Bio-Ecology, Threats and Conservation
by Juan J. AlavaPinnipeds are a fascinating group of marine mammals that play a crucial role as apex predators and sentinels of the functioning and health of marine ecosystems. They are found in the most extreme environments from the Polar regions to the tropics. Pinnipeds are comprised of about 34 species, and of those at least 25% live permanently in tropical zones. This book reviews and updates current research on the biology, marine ecology, bio-monitoring, and conservation of tropical pinniped populations, including their behavior, anthropogenic stressors, and health. It also looks at challenges to be faced for the conservation of tropical pinnipeds, many of which are threatened species.
Tropical Rainforests
by Chris C. ParkFirst published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Tropical Reef Fishes
by Gerald AllenThis Periplus Nature Guide provides an excellent introduction to 68 of the most commonly encountered tropical reef fishes. Written by Dr. Gerald Allen, international authority on reef fishes, it features stunning color shots by some of the world's best underwater photographers.
Tropical Root and Tuber Crops
by Vincent LebotMost of the world's poorest smallholders depend on tropical roots and tubers crops as their principal source of food and nutrition. These species produce large quantities of dietary energy and have stable yields under difficult environmental conditions. The most important crops are cassava, sweet potato, yam and the aroids, sharing important common traits such as bulkiness, post-harvest perishability and vegetative propagation. This book compiles the most up to date information on the origin, genetics, physiology, agronomy, pests and diseases and post harvest processing of these crops, while attempting to provide ideas for further research and development.
Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids (Crop Production Science in Horticulture #No. 17)
by Vincent LebotRoot and tuber crops are important to agriculture, food security and income for 2.2 billion people in developing countries. These species produce large quantities of dietary energy and have stable yields under difficult environmental conditions. This second edition of Tropical Root and Tuber Crops is an authoritative treatment of four important root and tuber crops: cassava. sweet potato, yams, and aroids. The same format is followed for each crop: Origin and History, Taxonomy and Botany, Breeding and Genetics, Developmental Physiology, Agronomy, Pests and Diseases, Post-Harvest Quality and Marketing. This new edition reviews the scientific literature produced during the last decade and presents major technical advancements. Modern molecular tools have been used to clarify the phylogeny, taxonomy and origin of these species. Similar advances have been made in physiology, agronomy, pathology and product chemistry. It is essential reading for students, researchers and horticulturists.
Tropical Sustainable Architecture
by Boon Lay Ong Joo-Hwa BayThe tropical belt – where large areas of South East Asia, India, Africa and parts of both North and South America are located – forms the biggest landmass in the world and has one of the highest numbers of rapidly developing cities. Coincidentally, architecture in these regions shares common problems, the most easily identifiable being the tropical conditions of climate and natural environment. The context for architecture here is fraught with conflicts between tradition and modernization, massive influx of rural poor into urban areas, poorly managed rapid urban development as well as the cultural and social strain of globalization. Many local and overseas architects, planners and city fathers are interested in the social and environmental dimensions of these areas that contribute towards short terms solutions and long term sustainable developments. This book, developed from the first conference of the International Network for Tropical Architecture, supplies a wealth of information from experts worldwide covering the cultural, environmental and technical aspects of thinking, researching and designing for the tropics.
Tropical Tuber Starches: Structural and Functional Characteristics
by Dr S N Moorthy Dr M S Sajeev Dr R P Ambrose R J AnishThis book provides comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge relating to the morphological, structural, and functional characteristics of tuber starches, particularly in relation to their applications in food and industry. In recent years there has been significant progress and extensive research conducted on tropical root starches and especially on some of the lesser known tuber crop starches. There has also been a shift towards using biomaterials in place of synthetic materials in various applications. As researchers investigate the availability of natural products with similar properties, starch has been identified as a reliable alternative to these synthetic materials. Reflecting the growing body of research, Tropical Tuber Starches: - Explores the structure, properties and applications of tropical root and tuber starches (cassava, sweet potato, aroids, yams and other minor tuber crops) - Includes a chapter on the methodology for starch characterisation - Covers patents on starch-based products and the commercial potential of tropical root starches A valuable resource for researchers and students, plant breeders, and commercial producers working with, or considering working with, tropical tuber starches.
The Tropical Turn: Agricultural Innovation in the Ancient Middle East and the Mediterranean
by Sureshkumar MuthukumaranThis book chronicles the earliest histories of familiar tropical Asian crops in the ancient Middle East and the Mediterranean, from rice and cotton to citruses and cucumbers. Drawing on archaeological materials and textual sources in over seven ancient languages, The Tropical Turn unravels the breathtaking anthropogenic peregrinations of these familiar crops from their homelands in tropical and subtropical Asia to the Middle East and the Mediterranean, showing the significant impact South Asia had on the ecologies, dietary habits, and cultural identities of peoples across the ancient world. In the process, Sureshkumar Muthukumaran offers a fresh narrative history of human connectivity across Afro-Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the late centuries BCE.
Trotter-Kato Approximations of Stochastic Differential Equations in Infinite Dimensions and Applications
by T. E. GovindanThis is the first comprehensive book on Trotter-Kato approximations of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in infinite dimensions and applications. This research monograph brings together the varied literature on this topic since 1985 when such a study was initiated. The author provides a clear and systematic introduction to the theory of Trotter-Kato approximations of SDEs and also presents its applications to practical topics such as stochastic stability and stochastic optimal control. The theory assimilated here is developed slowly and methodically in digestive pieces.The book begins with a motivational chapter introducing several different models that highlight the importance of the theory on abstract SDEs that will be considered in the subsequent chapters. The author next introduces the necessary mathematical background and then leads the reader into the main discussion of the monograph, namely, the Trotter-Kato approximations of many classes of SDEs in Hilbert spaces, Trotter-Kato approximations of SDEs in UMD Banach spaces and some of their applications. Most of the results presented in the main chapters appear for the first time in a book form. The monograph also contains many illustrative examples on stochastic partial differential equations and one in finance as an application of the Trotter-Kato formula. The key steps are included in all proofs which will help the reader to get a real insight into the theory of Trotter-Kato approximations and its use. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in mathematics specializing in probability theory. It will also be useful to numerical analysts, engineers, physicists and practitioners who are interested in applying the theory of stochastic evolution equations. Since the approach is based mainly in semigroup theory, it is accessible to a wider audience including non-specialists in stochastic processes.
Trotzdem Genial: Darwin, Nietzsche, Hawking und Co.
by Heinrich Zankl Katja BetzStephen Hawking ist wohl der bekannteste Wissenschaftler mit Handicap weltweit. <P><P>Doch es gibt sehr viele große Denker und Forscher, die körperlich oder psychisch beeinträchtigt waren: Darwins Symptome deuten auf eine Nerven?schwäche hin, bei Einstein vermuten Wissenschaftler eine Variante des Asperger-Syndroms, Freud war suchtkrank und Edison schwerhörig, Marx litt unter Karbunkeln, und Nietzsches Persönlichkeitsverfall könnte an einer Neurosyphilis gelegen haben. DAS >WHO IS WHO Die etwas anderen Paralympics, die uns Zankl und Betz hier präsentieren, sind beeindruckend und überraschend zugleich. Denn in Trotzdem genial ist das Who is Who der Geistes- und Naturwissenschaftler versammelt. Da lernen wir etwa den Kinderarzt Oliver Semler kennen, der zur Glasknochenkrankheit forscht, an der er auch selbst erkrankt ist, oder die Tierwissenschaftlerin Temple Grandin. Sie ist Autistin und bemerkte, dass sie mit Tieren viel besser umgehen konnte als mit Menschen. Sie entwickelte unter Anderem tiergerechtere Anlagen zur Haltung von Kühen. Durch die Verfilmung ihres Lebens wurde sie einem breiten Publikum bekannt, genauso wie John Nash, der schizophrene Nobelpreisträger und Mitentwickler der Spieltheorie.
Trouble in Space (Science to the Rescue)
by Felicia Law Gerry BaileyIn this exciting title, Joe and Dr. Bea blast off on an expedition into space! Join the two scientists as they explore life on board the International Space Station (ISS), experience a spacewalk, study the planets, and discover the beauty and dangers of our solar system.
The Trouble With Gravity: Solving the Mystery Beneath Our Feet
by Richard PanekAn Apple Books Best Book of July "[Panek] has made a career out of explaining things scientists themselves may barely understand... [he] takes evident pleasure in the whirl of new ideas." —The Washington Post "With a sustained sense of wonder, Panek finds the roots of science in our myths and poetry, uncovering the provocative side of something we only think we know. His rigorous-but-readable book won&’t reveal what gravity is, but will challenge your view of the universe and our place in it." —Apple Books &“Thought-provoking . . . Panek&’s inquisitive, fine-tuned narrative is full of character and, unlike many other books on physics, imbued with the friendly casualness of a coffee-shop chat. As such, it will delight both lay readers and serious students.&” —Publishers Weekly &“One of the best of the postgravitational-waves-discovery physics books for fans of popular science . . . highly recommended.&” —Library Journal &“Fine popular primer...expert description of the spectacular things that gravity does.&” —Kirkus Reviews &“I've long been a big fan of Richard Panek's writing. He is eloquent, smart, and a fascinating thinker, someone who is able to get me excited about topics that would have never even occurred to me. I respect and trust him—and am always eager to see what he will write next.&” —Maria Konnikova, New York Times best-selling author of Mastermind and The Confidence Game &“Richard Panek moves with startling grace and economy through the intersecting realms of philosophy and physics, always asking the unexpected question. He has forced me to rethink my fundamental assumptions about gravity—and shown me how much we can gain by doing so.&” —Andrea Barrett, author of The Air We Breathe and Archangel "In The Trouble with Gravity, Richard Panek acts as a guide, both amiable and erudite, through one of the most puzzling mysteries of the natural world. In explaining the various &‘explanations&’ of gravity from classical to post-modern times, Panek draws us into a thoughtful meditation on the mythic, cultural, philosophical and, yes, scientific implications of what happens when a wet potato or a crystal vase slips from your hand." —Billy Collins &“Gravity is a mystery—one of the greatest. It has baffled and teased humans since the dawn of history and perplexes us still. Richard Panek takes us on a journey that is original, brave, and ultimately very beautiful: a reminder that sometimes science isn&’t a solution but a search.&” —James Gleick, author of Time Travel: A History &“Without gravity, there would be no earth, no humans and no non-fiction books. Which would be a shame, because we&’d miss out on Richard Panek&’s wonderful, entertaining work. Richard takes us on a vivid journey from the arctic to the tropics, from the human skeleton to the edges of the universe, filling our imagination with counter-intuitive modern science and ancient philosophy. And all of this is delivered in buoyant, almost poetic, writing. So thank you gravity and Richard.&” —A.J. Jacobs, author of The Year of Living Biblically &“A thoroughly researched tour of humanity&’s investigations of gravity through the ages, including the very exciting—but still unfinished—ones happening today.&” —Professor Lisa Randall, auth —
The Trouble With Mark Hopper
by Weissman Elissa BrentMark Hopper is the smartest student in the sixth grade, and he knows it. When another Mark Hopper moves to town (the same age, with similar looks), Mark Hopper makes trouble for Mark Hopper. The Mark everyone knows isn't very nice, so the other Mark finds no one will talk to him. The new Mark isn't very brainy, so the other Mark worries that people will think he's a dummy. When a teacher forces them to be study partners, they realize that they can benefit from one another's strengths-and maybe win the Mastermind Challenge together. Trouble is, one of the Marks wants to win so badly that he's willing to steal from Mark.
The Trouble With Mark Hopper
by Elissa Brent WeissmanMark Hopper is the smartest student in the sixth grade, and he knows it. When another Mark Hopper moves to town (the same age, with similar looks), Mark Hopper makes trouble for Mark Hopper. The Mark everyone knows isn't very nice, so the other Mark finds no one will talk to him. The new Mark isn't very brainy, so the other Mark worries that people will think he's a dummy. When a teacher forces them to be study partners, they realize that they can benefit from one another's strengths - and maybe win the Mastermind Challenge together. Trouble is, one of the Marks wants to win so badly that he's willing to steal from Mark.
The Trouble with Physics: The Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next
by Lee Smolin&“A splendid, edifying report from the front lines of theorectical physics&” (San Francisco Chronicle). In this illuminating book, renowned physicist Lee Smolin argues that fundamental physics—the search for the laws of nature—is losing its way. Ambitious ideas about extra dimensions, exotic particles, multiple universes, and strings have captured the public&’s imagination—and the imagination of experts. But these ideas have not been tested experimentally, and some, like string theory, seem to offer no possibility of being tested. Even still, these speculations dominate the field, attracting the best talent and much of the funding, while creating a climate in which emerging physicists are often penalized for pursuing other avenues. The situation threatens to impede the very progress of science. With clarity, passion, and authority, Smolin offers an unblinking assessment of the troubles that face modern physics, and an encouraging view of where the search for the next big idea may lead. &“The best book about contemporary science written for the layman that I have ever read.&” —The Times (London)
The Trouble With Testosterone: And Other Essays on the Biology of the Human Predicament
by Robert M. SapolskyIn The Trouble with Testosterone, Robert M. Sapolsky draws from his career as a behavioral biologist to interpret the peculiar drives and intrinsic needs of that most exotic species - Homo sapiens. With candor, humor, and lush observations, these essays marry cutting-edge science with a rich and compassionate humanity. Sapolsky's book ranges broadly over the web of life, studying its details and plotting its themes. "Curious George's Pharmacy" examines recent exciting claims that wild primates know how to medicate themselves with forest plants. "Junk Food Monkeys" relates the adventures of a troop of baboons who stumble onto a tourist garbage dump. "Poverty's Remains" claims that science is as riddled with metaphors as a Shakespearean sonnet. "Measures of Life" begins as a witty analysis of firing squads and concludes as a dazzling meditation on the roles and responsibilities of scientists. And in the final essay, the brilliant and penetrating "Circling the Blanket for God," Sapolsky shows that science and religion emanate from the same place: the human brain. These pieces, then, reveal the contradictions that confront those who describe the world objectively, those who try to reconcile the truths of the mind with the burdens of the heart.