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Twenty Years of G-CSF
by Maryann Foote Graham Molineux Tara ArvedsonGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF) is a secreted glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte precursor cells, and induces mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells from the bone marrow. Development of recombinant human G-CSF has had a profound impact on the treatment of many diseases, including severe chronic neutropenia and cancer, and has enabled peripheral stem cell transplantation to supplant bone marrow transplantation in the autologous setting. This Milestones in Drug Therapy volume describes the experience of the last 20 years of treatment with recombinant human G-CSF, including the basic science, the use of recombinant human G-CSF in both the oncology and nononcology settings, and the safety and economics of its use. Many of the authors were the original investigators of recombinant human G-CSF and other authors are key researchers who provide their outlook for the next 20 years for use of and research with recombinant human G-CSF.
Twilight of Abundance: Why Life in the 21st Century Will Be Nasty, Brutish, and Short
by David ArchibaldBaby boomers enjoyed the most benign period in human history: fifty years of relative peace, cheap energy, plentiful grain supply, and a warming climate due to the highest solar activity for 8,000 years. The party is over-prepare for the twilight of abundance.David Archibald reveals the grim future the world faces on its current trajectory: massive fuel shortages, the bloodiest warfare in human history, a global starvation crisis, and a rapidly cooling planet. Archibald combines pioneering science with keen economic knowledge to predict the global disasters that could destroy civilization as we know it-disasters that are waiting just around the corner.But there's good news, too: We can have a good future if we prepare for it. Advanced, civilized countries can have a permanently high standard of living if they choose to invest in the technologies that will get them there. Archibald, a climate scientist as well as an inventor and a financial specialist, explains which scientific breakthroughs can save civilization in the coming crisis-if we can cut through the special interest opposition to these innovations and allow free markets to flourish.
Twin Daggers
by MarcyKate ConnollyAissa&’s life is a web of carefully constructed lies. She and her twin sister, Zandria, are Magi spies, a magical people most believe to be extinct. And they&’re on a mission for revenge. This action and adventure spy thriller—a fantasy spin on &“Romeo and Juliet&” from New York Times bestselling author MarcyKate Connolly—is perfect for fans of Marissa Meyer and Elly Blake and is about to become your new obsession!By day, Aissa and Zandra play the role of normal young Technocrats eager to fulfill the duties of their new apprenticeships. By night, they plot their revenge to retake their city from the Technocrats. But then Aissa is given a new mission: find and kidnap the heir to the Technocrat throne, who is rumored to be one of the Heartless—a person born without a working heart who survives via a mechanical replacement—and has been hidden since birth.Aissa is more likely to be caught than to be successful, but she's never been one to turn down an assignment, even if the hunt is complicated by a kind Technocrat researcher who is determined to find a cure for the Heartless. But when Zandria is captured by the Technocrats, Aissa will do anything to get her sister back. Even if it means abandoning all other loyalties and missions … and risking everything by trusting her sworn enemies.
The Twin Sister Planets Venus and Earth
by Robert J. MalcuitThis book explains how it came to be that Venus and Earth, while very similar in chemical composition, zonation, size and heliocentric distance from the Sun, are very different in surface environmental conditions. It is argued here that these differences can be accounted for by planetoid capture processes and the subsequent evolution of the planet-satellite system. Venus captured a one-half moon-mass planetoid early in its history in the retrograde direction and underwent its "fatal attraction scenario" with its satellite (Adonis). Earth, on the other hand, captured a moon-mass planetoid (Luna) early in its history in prograde orbit and underwent a benign estrangement scenario with its captured satellite.
Twin Tracks: The Unexpected Origins of the Modern World
by James BurkeTwin Tracks is a landmark book of real-world stories that investigates the nature of change and divines as never before the unlikely origins of many aspects of contemporary life. In each of the work's twenty-five narratives, we discover how the different outcomes of an important historical event in the past often come together again in the future.<P><P> Each chapter starts with an event -- such as the U.S. attack on Tripoli in 1804 -- that generates two divergent series of consequences. After tracking each pathway as it ranges far and wide through time and space, Burke shows how the paths finally and unexpectedly converge in the modern world.<P> Twin Tracks pinpoints the myriad ways the future is shaped, whether by love, war, accident, genius, or discovery. For instance, in "The Marriage of Figaro to Stealth Fighter," Burke's twin tracks start with the composer of the opera and the French spy from whose play he stole the plot. The tracks then encompass, among other things, freemasonry, the War of Independence, Captain Cook, jellyfish, Jane Austen, and audio tape. Ultimately, the convergence of the two Figaro tracks sets the stage for the development of Gulf War Stealth aircraft.<P> Wonderfully accessible and lucidly written, Twin Tracks offers an amusing and instructive new view of the past and the future.
Twisted Photons: Applications of Light with Orbital Angular Momentum
by Juan P. Torres Lluis TornerThis book deals with applications in several areas of science and technology that make use of light which carries orbital angular momentum. In most practical scenarios, the angular momentum can be decomposed into two independent contributions: the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum. The orbital contribution affords a fundamentally new degree of freedom, with fascinating and wide-spread applications. Unlike spin angular momentum, which is associated with the polarization of light, the orbital angular momentum arises as a consequence of the spatial distribution of the intensity and phase of an optical field, even down to the single photon limit. Researchers have begun to appreciate its implications for our understanding of the ways in which light and matter can interact, and its practical potential in different areas of science and technology.
Twisted True Tales From Science: Explosive Experiments
by Stephanie BearceTwo thousand years ago, Chinese scientists were looking for a medicine that would make them live forever. Instead, they blew up their lab and discovered gunpowder. Alfred Nobel blew up his laboratory twice before he discovered the formula for dynamite. Learn about the Apollo 13 and Challenger explosions and the strange space explosions caused by top secret Starfish Prime. These stories may sound twisted, but they're all true tales from science!Ages 9-12
Twisted True Tales From Science: Disaster Discoveries
by Stephanie BearceLondon was once covered in a fog so polluted that it killed 12,000 people. The Aleppo earthquake killed 230,000 people, and a wall of water mysteriously wiped out the whole town of Burnham-on-Sea. All of these were catastrophic disasters, but they led to important discoveries in science. Learn about how the earth turned to liquid in New Zealand and what happens when a tsunami meets a nuclear reactor. These stories may sound twisted and strange, but they are all true tales from science!Ages 9-12
Twisted True Tales From Science: Insane Inventors
by Stephanie BearceNikola Tesla was crazy smart. He invented the idea for cell phones in 1893, discovered alternating current, and invented a death ray gun. Of course, he also talked to pigeons, ate only boiled food, and was scared of women who wore jewelry. He was an insane inventor. So was Henry Cavendish, who discovered hydrogen, calculated the density of the Earth, and was so scared of people that he had to write notes to communicate. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws of gravity, believed in magic, and thought he could make a potion to create gold. These stories may sound twisted, but they're all true tales from science!Ages 9-12
Twisted True Tales From Science: Medical Mayhem
by Stephanie BearceGround-up mummy bones, leeches sucking human blood, and a breakfast of dried mouse paste. It sounds like a horror movie, but those were actual medicines prescribed by early doctors. Medical students studied anatomy on bodies stolen from graves and had to operate on people while they were awake. Learn about the medicines that came from poison and doctors who experimented on themselves and their families. It's a twisted tale of medical mayhem, but it's all true!Ages 9-12
Twistor Sigma Models: Gravity, Amplitudes, and Flat Space Holography (Springer Theses)
by Atul SharmaIn recent decades, twistor theory has grown into an irreplaceable tool for the study of scattering amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity. This book introduces the reader to cutting-edge advances in twistor theory and its applications to general relativity. The problem of graviton scattering in four dimensions is shown to be dual to dramatically simpler computations in a two-dimensional CFT known as a twistor sigma model. Twistor sigma models are the first step toward a holographic description of gravity in asymptotically flat space-times. They underpin the infinitely many asymptotic symmetries of flat space physics discovered in celestial holography, and extend them to exciting new arenas like curved space-times. They also yield intrinsically mathematical results in the field of hyperkähler manifolds. This volume will be of broad interest to students and researchers looking for an accessible entry point into twistor geometry, scattering amplitudes, and celestial holography. It will also provide an invaluable reference for specialists by bringing together results from a host of different disciplines.
Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction
by Nick MontfortFrom the Book Jacket: Interactive fiction-the best-known form of which is the text game or text adventure-has not received as much critical attention as have such other forms of electronic literature as hypertext fiction and the conversational programs known as chatterbots. Twisty Little Passages (the title refers to a maze in Adventure, the first interactive fiction) is the first book-length consideration of this form, examining it from gaming and literary perspectives. Nick Montfort, an interactive fiction author himself, offers both aficionados and first-time users a way to approach interactive fiction that will lead to a more pleasurable and meaningful experience of it. Twisty Little Passages looks at interactive fiction beginning with its most important literary ancestor, the riddle. Montfort then discusses Adventure and its precursors (including the I Ching and Dungeons and Dragons), and follows this with an examination of mainframe text games developed in response, focusing on the most influential work of that era, Zork. He then considers the introduction of commercial interactive fiction for home computers, particularly that produced by Infocom. Commercial works inspired an.independent reaction, and Montfort describes the emergence of independent creators and the development of an online interactive fiction community in the 1990s. Finally, he considers the influence of interactive fiction on other literary and gaming forms. With Twisty Little Passages. Nick Montfort places interactive fiction in its computational and literary contexts, opening up-this-still-developing form to new consideration.
Twitter®: How Jack Dorsey Changed the Way We Communicate
by Celicia ScottIn the modern world, Twitter has changed the way we talk to each other, the way we share important news, and the way we learn about the world. You've probably heard of movie celebrities, politicians, and sports stars using Twitter to communicate with fans, but the social networking site has also done a lot to change the way ordinary people use the Internet. It's even changed the way we speak! Discover the story of Jack Dorsey, Twitter's co-founder, and how he helped to create one of the Internet's biggest successes. Learn how Jack and his friends came up with the ideas for the business that would change their lives--and the lives of so many Internet users--forever.
Two Acres of Time: Unearthing the Ice Age at the Byron Dig
by Richard S. LaubIn 1959, what appeared to be the bones of a mastodon were found in a western New York pasture. When researchers began to investigate further in the early 1980s, the site proved to hold far more. Known as the Hiscock Site, it contained an astonishingly rich trove of fossils and artifacts dating from the late Ice Age through the onset of European settlement. For nearly three decades, work at the site—the “Byron Dig”—unearthed new evidence of changing fauna, flora, cultures, and environments over the past 13,000 years.In Two Acres of Time, Richard S. Laub—the principal investigator of the project—tells the story of the Byron Dig. Recounting twenty-nine years of intensive excavation involving more than a thousand participants, he provides a comprehensive account of a working paleontological and archaeological field project and its contributions to our knowledge of the past. Laub explores how understanding of the site evolved through the years, the surprises that came to light along the way, and how contributions from numerous researchers helped achieve a fuller picture of the significance of the findings. The book also shows how people from all walks of life—not only scientists but also volunteers and local small-town residents—worked together to unearth and interpret the site’s contents and to preserve them for future generations. This extensively illustrated book connects life at a scientific excavation project to the grand sweep of long-ago epochs, and is a compelling read and resource for researchers and general readers alike.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Flow of Groundwater
by Florimond De Smedt Wouter ZijlThis monograph is a practical guide to groundwater flow theory intended to serve students and practitioners by bridging the gap between basic hydrogeology and groundwater modeling. It synthesizes the mathematics of groundwater flow and provides information in an easily-accessible format for practicing groundwater professionals, consultants, and students that intend to become skillful and competent groundwater flow modelers.
Two Californias: The Myths And Realities Of A State Divided Against Itself
by Eleanor Smith Michael Di LeoTwo Californias explores for the first time the pervasive folk myth that Northern and Southern California should really be separate states. You hear it all the time in the media and on the street - but is it true? Michael DiLeo and Eleanor Smith look closely and discover that there are profound truths embedded in the folk tradition. And equally profound misconceptions. Probing the surprising and little-known history of the split-state movement, the authors find that its underlying sentiments have been part of California politics and culture since territorial days. What the issues are today, what their implications are for our lives in the 1980s, and what we can do about them are the focus of this fascinating book. The current water controversy, perhaps the most crucial in the state's history, cannot be resolved until the two Californias make peace with each other. No other book confronts the environmental and philosophical problems that plague California and have nationwide echoes as thoroughly and as intelligently as Two Californias does. Two Californias is entertaining - and it also thought-provoking. It is very likely to change the ways we think about living together and sharing resources in the 1980s.
The Two Cultures
by C. P. SnowThe notion that our society, its education system and its intellectual life, is characterised by a split between two cultures - the arts or humanities on one hand, and the sciences on the other - has a long history. But it was C. P. Snow's Rede lecture of 1959 that brought it to prominence and began a public debate that is still raging in the media today. This 50th anniversary printing of The Two Cultures and its successor piece, A Second Look (in which Snow responded to the controversy four years later) features an introduction by Stefan Collini, charting the history and context of the debate, its implications and its afterlife. The importance of science and technology in policy run largely by non-scientists, the future for education and research, and the problem of fragmentation threatening hopes for a common culture are just some of the subjects discussed.
Two Degrees: The Built Environment And Our Changing Climate
by Alisdair McGregor Cole Roberts Fiona CousinsThe Earth’s temperature has been rising. To limit catastrophic outcomes, the international scientific community has set a challenging goal of no more than two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) average temperature rise. Economists agree we will save trillions of dollars by acting early. But how do we act successfully? And what’s the backup plan if we fall short? Setting politics aside, Two Degrees reviews the current science and explains how we can set practical steps to reduce the extent of warming and to adapt to the inevitable changes, all while improving the bottom line, beautifying our communities, and increasing human health. The book is a practical guide intended for a broad audience of those who occupy and shape our built environment. The authors provide a clear framework for communities, policy makers, planners, designers, developers, builders, and operators to help manage the impacts and capture the opportunities of our changing climate. Two Degrees is divided into three sections—Fundamentals, Mitigation, and Adaptation—covering a diverse array of topics ranging from climate-positive communities and low-carbon buildings to the psychology of choice and the cost of a low-carbon economy. After a foreword by Amory Lovins, more than 10 contributing authors share knowledge based on direct experience in all aspects of built environment practice. This book clarifies the misconceptions, provides new and unique insights, and shows how a better approach to the built environment can increase resilience and positively shape our future.
Two-Dimensional (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials)
by Rasel DasThis book covers newly emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials which have been recently used for the purpose of water purification. It focuses on the synthesis methods of 2D materials and answers how scientists/engineers/nanotechnologist/environmentalists could use these materials for fabricating new separation membranes and most probably making commercially feasible technology. The chapters are written by a collection of international experts ensuring a broad view of each topic. The book will be of interest to experienced researchers as well as young scientists looking for an introduction into 2D materials-based cross-disciplinary research.
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR Methods
by K. Ivanov P. K. Madhu G. RajalakshmiTWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) NMR METHODS Practical guide explaining the fundamentals of 2D-NMR for experienced scientists as well as relevant for advanced students Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR Methods is a focused work presenting an overview of 2D-NMR concepts and techniques, including basic principles, practical applications, and how NMR pulse sequences work. Contributed to by global experts with extensive experience in the field, Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR Methods provides in-depth coverage of sample topics such as: Basics of 2D-NMR, data processing methods (Fourier and beyond), product operator formalism, basics of spin relaxation, and coherence transfer pathways Multidimensional methods (single- and multiple-quantum spectroscopy), NOESY (principles and applications), and DOSY methods Multiple acquisition strategies, anisotropic NMR in molecular analysis, ultrafast 2D methods, and multidimensional methods in bio-NMR TROSY (principles and applications), field-cycling and 2D NMR, multidimensional methods and paramagnetic NMR, and relaxation dispersion experiments This text is a highly useful resource for NMR specialists and advanced students studying NMR, along with users in research, academic and commercial laboratories that study or conduct experiments in NMR.
Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Protocols
by David Sheehan Raymond TytherTwo-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) remains one of the most popular techniques for proteomic comparisons. Revolutionized by the development of immobilized pH gradient strips, this vital process has benefited greatly from recent developments in staining, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics. In Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Protocols, expert researchers examine these cutting edge proteomics methodologies, explore their application to a wide range of biological materials, and look at how these developments have helped standardize the design, execution, and analysis of proteomics experiments. Chapters reflect key steps in 2-DE experiments, including sample preparation, staining, post-translational modification, spot identification, and bioinformatics. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Innovative and reader-friendly, Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Protocols encourages newcomers to apply powerful 2-DE techniques to their own research, while also providing current and essential information for seasoned scientists.
Two-dimensional Hybrid Composites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Neetu Talreja Divya Chauhan Mohammad AshfaqThis book highlights a comprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and strategies to improve the applicability of 2D materials like graphene, borophenes, metal nanosheets, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). It also highlights the synthesis of 2D-based hybrid composite materials and their effects on applicability, especially in energy, environment, and biomedical applications, by incorporating surface functional groups, metal/non-metal ions, and polymers. The advancement in innovative technology and use of 2D-based hybrid composite materials can improve the development of newer products/opening newer possibilities to fight existing issues related to environment, energy, and biomedical sciences. However, researchers continue to face numerous challenges in developing newer products/possibilities, large-scale production, with health and environmental impact being a challenge.This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and students working in the field of advanced materials, especially 2D-based hybrid composites.
Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: Principles and Practical Applications (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Oliver JonesThis book addresses the growing interest in the field of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC), a powerful approach to increasing resolution, available peak capacity, and selectivity in analytical chromatography. 2DLC is suitable for many applications, including in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries and the omic sciences (metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics). Thanks to recent advances in technology and software the instrumentation needed to perform 2D-LC is broadly available to the analytical community in both industry and academia. Indeed, the technique can now be considered ready for application in R&D as well as in QA and QC labs, yet it is not widely known about outside academic laboratories and is rarely taught at the undergraduate level. This book outlines the main principles and features of 2D-LC (including comprehensive and heart-cutting modes, method development and real world applications) to enable modern analysts to start using this fascinating technique. The book offers an ideal starting point for those wishing to get into 2D-LC and will also be of interest to more experienced scientists in the field.
Two-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications
by Gongping LiuTwo-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes An authoritative and up to date discussion of two-dimensional materials and membranes In Two-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications, a team of distinguished chemical engineers delivers a comprehensive exploration of the latest advances in design principles, synthesis approaches, and applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials—like graphene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 2D layered double hydroxides, and MXene—and highlights the significance and development of these membranes. In the book, the authors discuss the use of membranes to achieve high-efficiency separation and to address the challenges posed in the field. The book also discusses potential challenges and benefits in the future development of advanced 2D nanostructures, as well as their impending implementation in applications in the fields of energy, sustainability, catalysis, electronics, and biotechnology. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to fabrication methods for 2D-materials-based membranes, including the synthesis of nanosheets, membrane structures, and fabrication methods Descriptions of three types of 2D-materials-based membranes: single-layer membranes, laminar membranes and mixed-matrix membranes Comprehensive discussions of 2D-materials-based membranes for water and ions separation, solvent-water separation and gas separation Explorations of transport mechanism of 2D-materials-based membranes for molecular separations Perfect for membrane scientists, inorganic chemists, and materials scientists, Two-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes will also earn a place in the libraries of chemical and process engineers in industrial environments.
Two-Dimensional Materials for Environmental Applications (Springer Series in Materials Science #332)
by Neeraj Kumar Rashi Gusain Suprakas Sinha RayThis book focuses on recent developments in the field of two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental applications. Due to their high surface area and tunable surface chemistry, two-dimensional nanomaterials are currently garnering great interest for environmental remediation applications. This book compiles contributed chapters from active international researchers dealing with the development of state-of-the-art two-dimensional nanomaterials in environmental applications such as water and wastewater treatment, adsorption, photocatalysis, membrane separation, desalination, deionization, environmental pollutants sensing/detection, carbon-dioxide capture and catalytic conversion, microbial treatment, and electrochemical remediation. Each chapter provides an essential and comprehensive overview of the recent advances in material development and application, giving special attention to preparation methods, tunning of physiochemical properties, surface and interface chemistry, structural porosity, assemblies integration for fabrication of devices, and their relationship with overall efficiency. It offers a valuable reference guide for environmental and materials scientists, engineers, and policymakers working towards environmental sustainability.