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The Law of Life and Death
by Elizabeth Price FoleyAre you alive? What makes you so sure? Most people believe this question has a clear answer—that some law defines our status as living (or not) for all purposes. But they are dead wrong. In this pioneering study, Elizabeth Price Foley examines the many, and surprisingly ambiguous, legal definitions of what counts as human life and death. Foley reveals that “not being dead” is not necessarily the same as being alive, in the eyes of the law. People, pre-viable fetuses, and post-viable fetuses have different sets of legal rights, which explains the law's seemingly inconsistent approach to stem cell research, in vitro fertilization, frozen embryos, in utero embryos, contraception, abortion, homicide, and wrongful death. In a detailed analysis that is sure to be controversial, Foley shows how the need for more organ transplants and the need to conserve health care resources are exerting steady pressure to expand the legal definition of death. As a result, death is being declared faster than ever before. The "right to die," Foley worries, may be morphing slowly into an obligation to die. Foley’s balanced, accessible chapters explore the most contentious legal issues of our time—including cryogenics, feticide, abortion, physician-assisted suicide, brain death, vegetative and minimally conscious states, informed consent, and advance directives—across constitutional, contract, tort, property, and criminal law. Ultimately, she suggests, the inconsistencies and ambiguities in U.S. laws governing life and death may be culturally, and perhaps even psychologically, necessary for an enormous and diverse country like ours.
The Law of War (Justice, International Law and Global Security)
by Ingrid DetterThe third edition of Ingrid Detter's authoritative work explores the changing legal context of modern warfare in light of events over the last decade. Ingrid Detter reviews the status of non-State actors, as individuals and groups become more prominent in international society. Covering post 9/11 events and the resulting changes in the ethos of war, the author analyses the role of military companies and examines what their legitimacy means for international society. The edition also discusses certain ’intrinsic’ rules in the Law of War, such as rules giving individuals the right to be spared genocide, torture, slavery and apartheid and assure them basic democratic rights. The author questions the right of ’illegal’ combatants to be treated as prisoners of war and suggests that a minimum standard must be afforded to all, whether captured dictators or detainees suspected of terrorism. In the modern world, the individual (the soldier, the civilian, the dictator, the terrorist or the pirate) can no longer behave as they wish. Further new topics include 'target killings', the ’right to protect’ (’R2P’, - claimed to be a new form of intervention), the use of unregulated weapons such as drones and robots, the war scenario in Outer Space and cyber crimes. There is also a discussion of new developments in the field of war crimes including severe criticism of the novel concept 'joint criminal enterprise' (JCE), which, in the opinion of the author, undermines the Rule of Law. This updated and expanded edition will be of use to statesmen, scholars and students of international relations and international law.
The Laws of Connection: The Scientific Secrets of Building a Strong Social Network
by David RobsonThis groundbreaking study reveals how social connections are far more important than we thought, showing us the steps we can take to build better relationships and improve our lives.Social connection is as essential for our health and happiness as a balanced diet and regular exercise. It reduces our risk of stroke, heart disease, and Alzheimer&’s. It enhances our creativity and adds years to our life span. Yet many of us struggle to form strong and meaningful bonds—and the problem lies not with our personalities but with a series of cognitive biases that stop us from fulfilling our social potential. In The Laws of Connection, award-winning science writer David Robson describes the psychological barriers that lead us to keep others at a distance and offers evidence-based strategies to overcome them. Drawing on philosophy, neuroscience, and cutting-edge psychology, Robson introduces readers to new concepts such as the liking gap, the novelty penalty, the fast-friendship procedure, the beautiful mess effect, and the Japanese art of amae. Whether we are shy or confident, introvert or extrovert, we can all build deeper relationships. The Laws of Connection shows us how.
The Laws of Gravity and Electromagnetism: A Non-relativistic Model Invariant Under the Change of Inertial and Non-inertial Coordinate Systems
by Arkady PoliakovskyIn this book the author derives, under the classical non-relativistic consideration of the space-time, general forms of the most common physical laws invariant under the changes of inertial or non-inertial coordinate systems, both in the classical and the quantum regime. Important examples of such invariant physical laws are the Maxwell Equations, Newtonian gravity as well as several more complicated models of gravity and many other physical laws including many of the laws of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, continuum mechanics, and optics. Moreover, several basic laws of relativistic physics, both in the classical and quantum regimes can be still formulated invariantly under the non-relativistic consideration of space-time. These include the classical relativistic Second Law of Newton and the quantum Dirac and Klein--Gordon equations for relativistic particles, including their interaction with the external gravitational field. In particular, we introduce the Hamiltonian formulation of the Dirac equation, and moreover, were able to formulate the Dirac equation for multiple particles, similarly to what was done for the Schroedinger equation of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics. One of the goals of this work is to provide a self-contained and simple mathematical formulation of the most general physical laws in a manner understandable to the reader familiar only with basic calculus, classical mechanics and basic elements of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
The Laws of Robots: Crimes, Contracts, and Torts
by Ugo PagalloThis book explores how the design, construction, and use of robotics technology may affect today's legal systems and, more particularly, matters of responsibility and agency in criminal law, contractual obligations, and torts. By distinguishing between the behaviour of robots as tools of human interaction, and robots as proper agents in the legal arena, jurists will have to address a new generation of "hard cases." General disagreement may concern immunity in criminal law (e.g., the employment of robot soldiers in battle), personal accountability for certain robots in contracts (e.g., robo-traders), much as clauses of strict liability and negligence-based responsibility in extra-contractual obligations (e.g., service robots in tort law). Since robots are here to stay, the aim of the law should be to wisely govern our mutual relationships.
The Leadership Genius of Elon Musk
by Dennis KnealeAn admiring portrait of the pioneering entrepreneur from the former CNBC host and Forbes editor. One of the most influential figures of our time, Elon Musk is the most talked about man in America who isn’t running for president (yet!). In The Leadership Genius of Elon Musk, veteran business journalist Dennis Kneale chronicles Musk’s extraordinary journey, presenting him as a beacon of inspiration. Musk’s unparalleled success as an innovator and entrepreneur is not just a testament to his genius, but a playbook for those daring to dream big.Synonymous with groundbreaking advancements and daring ventures, Elon Musk has not only shaped the future with companies like Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, the Boring Company, and xAI, but has also redefined what it means to be a leader today. Despite facing relentless criticism and controversy, Musk's relentless pursuit of his visions provides invaluable lessons about resilience, innovation, and the power of conviction. Filled with counterintuitive advice like “Tease your critics and torture your enemies” and “work impossible hours and make them keep up,” this illuminating biography reveals how the richest man in the world got that way.Kneale delves into the essence of Musk’s philosophy, dissecting the principles that have guided his extraordinary journey. From embracing the possibility of the impossible to the strategic handling of critics and media, Musk's approach to life and business offers a unique blueprint for success in today's fast-paced world. His ability to dream big, bet on himself, and turn crises into opportunities serves as a masterclass in achieving greatness against all odds.
The Leading World’s Most Innovative Universities
by Abdulrahman Obaid AI-Youbi Adnan Hamza Zahed Mahmoud Nadim Nahas Ahmad Abousree HegazyThis open access book is unique in its contents. No other title in the book market has tackled this important subject. It introduces innovation as a way of practice for world-class universities. It, then, discusses the criteria for being innovative in the academic world. The book selects some of the top innovative world-class universities to study the factors that qualified them to be innovative, so that any other university can follow their steps to become innovative. The final chapter of the book presents some recommendations in this regard.
The Leaf Detective: How Margaret Lowman Uncovered Secrets In The Rainforest
by Heather LangMeg Lowman was always fascinated by the natural world above her head — the colors, the branches, and, most of all, the leaves and mysterious organisms living there. Meg set out to climb up and investigate the rain forest tree canopies — and to be the first scientist to do so. But she encountered challenge after challenge. Male teachers would not let her into their classrooms, the high canopy was difficult to get to, and worst of all, people were logging and clearing the forests. Meg never gave up or gave in. She studied, invented, and persevered, not only creating a future for herself as a scientist, but making sure that the rainforests had a future as well. Working closely with Meg Lowman, author Heather Lang and artist Jana Christy beautifully capture Meg's world in the treetops.
The Leaf Detective: How Margaret Lowman Uncovered Secrets in the Rainforest
by Heather Lang2022 Green Earth Book Award WinnerNCSS Septma Clark Award, Elementary Level HonoreeNSTA/CBC Best STEM BookJunior Library Guild SelectionJohn Burroughs Association Riverby Award Honorable Mention, Sigurd F. Olson Nature Writing AwardThis picture book biography tells the story of Meg Lowman, a groundbreaking female scientist called a "real life Lorax" by National Geographic, who was determined to investigate the marvelous, undiscovered world of the rainforest treetops. Meg Lowman was always fascinated by the natural world above her head — the colors, the branches, and, most of all, the leaves and mysterious organisms living there. Meg set out to climb up and investigate the rain forest tree canopies — and to be the first scientist to do so. But she encountered challenge after challenge. Male teachers would not let her into their classrooms, the high canopy was difficult to get to, and worst of all, people were logging and clearing the forests. Meg never gave up or gave in. She studied, invented, and persevered, not only creating a future for herself as a scientist, but making sure that the rainforests had a future as well. Working closely with Meg Lowman, author Heather Lang and artist Jana Christy beautifully capture Meg's world in the treetops."Meg Lowman or 'Canopy Meg' is a true hero, a courageous explorer, who made amazing discoveries high in the forest canopy. The Leaf Detective captures the magic of that little-known world with its clear, informative text and fabulous illustrations. Young readers everywhere will be fascinated and inspired to learn more about nature." —Jane Goodall, PhD, DBE, Founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and Pioneer of Peace&“Margaret Lowman is a pioneer scientist in a discipline that demands exceptional imagination, courage, and physical rigor. But of equal importance, she has created an extraordinarily important branch of environmental and conservation research. Heather Lang and Jana Christy, in this charming introduction, have invited us to climb on up and visit her.&” —Edward O. Wilson, Pulitzer Prize winner and Professor Emeritus, Harvard University
The Leaf: A Platform for Performing Photosynthesis (Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration #44)
by William W. Adams III Ichiro TerashimaThe leaf is an organ optimized for capturing sunlight and safely using that energy through the process of photosynthesis to drive the productivity of the plant and, through the position of plants as primary producers, that of Earth’s biosphere. It is an exquisite organ composed of multiple tissues, each with unique functions, working synergistically to: (1) deliver water, nutrients, signals, and sometimes energy-rich carbon compounds throughout the leaf (xylem); (2) deliver energy-rich carbon molecules and signals within the leaf during its development and then from the leaf to the plant once the leaf has matured (phloem); (3) regulate exchange of gasses between the leaf and the atmosphere (epidermis and stomata); (4) modulate the radiation that penetrates into the leaf tissues (trichomes, the cuticle, and its underlying epidermis); (5) harvest the energy of visible sunlight to transform water and carbon dioxide into energy-rich sugars or sugar alcohols for export to the rest of the plant (palisade and spongy mesophyll); and (6) store sugars and/or starch during the day to feed the plant during the night and/or acids during the night to support light-driven photosynthesis during the day (palisade and spongy mesophyll). Various regulatory controls that have been shaped through the evolutionary history of each plant species result in an incredible diversity of leaf form across the plant kingdom. Genetic programming is also flexible in allowing acclimatory phenotypic adjustments that optimize leaf functioning in response to a particular set of environmental conditions and biotic influences experienced by the plant. Moreover, leaves and the primary processes carried out by the leaf respond to changes in their environment, and the status of the plant, through multiple regulatory networks over time scales ranging from seconds to seasons. This book brings together the findings from laboratories at the forefront of research into various aspects of leaf function, with particular emphasis on the relationship to photosynthesis.
The Leafcutter Ants: Civilization by Instinct
by Edward O. Wilson Bert HölldoblerFrom the Pulitzer Prize-winning authors of The Ants comes this dynamic and visually spectacular portrait of Earth's ultimate superorganism. The Leafcutter Ants is the most detailed and authoritative description of any ant species ever produced. With a text suitable for both a lay and a scientific audience, the book provides an unforgettable tour of Earth's most evolved animal societies. Each colony of leafcutters contains as many as five million workers, all the daughters of a single queen that can live over a decade. A gigantic nest can stretch thirty feet across, rise five feet or more above the ground, and consist of hundreds of chambers that reach twenty-five feet below the ground surface. Indeed, the leafcutters have parlayed their instinctive civilization into a virtual domination of forest, grassland, and cropland--from Louisiana to Patagonia. Inspired by a section of the authors' acclaimed The Superorganism, this brilliantly illustrated work provides the ultimate explanation of what a social order with a half-billion years of animal evolution has achieved.
The Leak: Politics, Activists, and Loss of Trust at Brookhaven National Laboratory
by Robert P. CreaseHow the discovery of a harmless leak of radiation sparked a media firestorm, political grandstanding, and fearmongering that closed a vital scientific facility.In 1997, scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory found a small leak of radioactive water near their research reactor. Brookhaven was—and is—a world-class, Nobel Prize–winning lab, and its reactor was the cornerstone of US materials science and one of the world&’s finest research facilities. The leak, harmless to health, came from a storage pool rather than the reactor. But its discovery triggered a media and political firestorm that resulted in the reactor&’s shutdown, and even attempts to close the entire laboratory. A quarter century later, the episode reveals the dynamics of today&’s controversies in which fears and the dismissal of science disrupt serious discussion and research of vital issues such as vaccines, climate change, and toxic chemicals. This story has all the elements of a thriller, with vivid characters and dramatic twists and turns. Key players include congressmen and scientists; journalists and university presidents; actors, supermodels, and anti-nuclear activists, all interacting and teaming up in surprising ways. The authors, each with insider knowledge of and access to confidential documents and the key players, reveal how a fact of no health significance could be portrayed as a Chernobyl-like disaster. This compelling exposé reveals the gaps between scientists, politicians, media, and the public that have only gotten more dangerous since 1997. Peter Bond is a retired physicist who worked at Brookhaven National Laboratory for 43 years in a wide variety of roles, including interim laboratory director during much of the period covered by this book.
The Least Likely Man: Marshall Nirenberg and the Discovery of the Genetic Code
by Franklin H. PortugalThe genetic code is the Rosetta Stone by which we interpret the 3.3 billion letters of human DNA, the alphabet of life, and the discovery of the code has had an immeasurable impact on science and society. In 1968, Marshall Nirenberg, an unassuming government scientist working at the National Institutes of Health, shared the Nobel Prize for cracking the genetic code. He was the least likely man to make such an earth-shaking discovery, and yet he had gotten there before such members of the scientific elite as James Watson and Francis Crick. How did Nirenberg do it, and why is he so little known? In The Least Likely Man, Franklin Portugal tells the fascinating life story of a famous scientist that most of us have never heard of.<P><P> Nirenberg did not have a particularly brilliant undergraduate or graduate career. After being hired as a researcher at the NIH, he quietly explored how cells make proteins. Meanwhile, Watson, Crick, and eighteen other leading scientists had formed the "RNA Tie Club" (named after the distinctive ties they wore, each decorated with one of twenty amino acid designs), intending to claim credit for the discovery of the genetic code before they had even worked out the details. They were surprised, and displeased, when Nirenberg announced his preliminary findings of a genetic code at an international meeting in Moscow in 1961.<P> Drawing on Nirenberg's "lab diaries," Portugal offers an engaging and accessible account of Nirenberg's experimental approach, describes counterclaims by Crick, Watson, and Sidney Brenner, and traces Nirenberg's later switch to an entirely new, even more challenging field. Having won the Nobel for his work on the genetic code, Nirenberg moved on to the next frontier of biological research: how the brain works.
The Least Likely Man: Marshall Nirenberg and the Discovery of the Genetic Code (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Franklin H. PortugalHow unassuming government researcher Marshall Nirenberg beat James Watson, Francis Crick, and other world-famous scientists in the race to discover the genetic code.The genetic code is the Rosetta Stone by which we interpret the 3.3 billion letters of human DNA, the alphabet of life, and the discovery of the code has had an immeasurable impact on science and society. In 1968, Marshall Nirenberg, an unassuming government scientist working at the National Institutes of Health, shared the Nobel Prize for cracking the genetic code. He was the least likely man to make such an earth-shaking discovery, and yet he had gotten there before such members of the scientific elite as James Watson and Francis Crick. How did Nirenberg do it, and why is he so little known? In The Least Likely Man, Franklin Portugal tells the fascinating life story of a famous scientist that most of us have never heard of.Nirenberg did not have a particularly brilliant undergraduate or graduate career. After being hired as a researcher at the NIH, he quietly explored how cells make proteins. Meanwhile, Watson, Crick, and eighteen other leading scientists had formed the “RNA Tie Club” (named after the distinctive ties they wore, each decorated with one of twenty amino acid designs), intending to claim credit for the discovery of the genetic code before they had even worked out the details. They were surprised, and displeased, when Nirenberg announced his preliminary findings of a genetic code at an international meeting in Moscow in 1961. Drawing on Nirenberg's “lab diaries,” Portugal offers an engaging and accessible account of Nirenberg's experimental approach, describes counterclaims by Crick, Watson, and Sidney Brenner, and traces Nirenberg's later switch to an entirely new, even more challenging field. Having won the Nobel for his work on the genetic code, Nirenberg moved on to the next frontier of biological research: how the brain works.
The Leatherback Turtle: Biology and Conservation
by James R. Spotila Pilar Santidrián TomilloThe most comprehensive book ever written on leatherback sea turtles.Weighing as much as 2,000 pounds and reaching lengths of over seven feet, leatherback turtles are the world’s largest reptile. These unusual sea turtles have a thick, pliable shell that helps them to withstand great depths—they can swim more than one thousand meters below the surface in search of food. And what food source sustains these goliaths? Their diet consists almost exclusively of jellyfish, a meal they crisscross the oceans to find. Leatherbacks have been declining in recent decades, and some predict they will be gone by the end of this century. Why? Because of two primary factors: human redevelopment of nesting beaches and commercial fishing. There are only twenty-nine index beaches in the world where these turtles nest, and there is immense pressure to develop most of them into homes or resorts. At the same time, longline and gill net fisheries continue to overwhelm waters frequented by leatherbacks. In The Leatherback Turtle, James R. Spotila and Pilar Santidrián Tomillo bring together the world’s leading experts to produce a volume that reveals the biology of the leatherback while putting a spotlight on the conservation problems and solutions related to the species. The book leaves us with options: embark on the conservation strategy laid out within its pages and save one of nature’s most splendid creations, or watch yet another magnificent species disappear.
The Legacy
by Margaret Atwood David SuzukiIn this expanded version of an inspiring speech delivered in December 2009, David Suzuki reflects on how we got where we are today and presents his vision for a better future. In his living memory, Suzuki has witnessed cataclysmic changes in society and our relationship with the planet: the doubling of the world's population, our increased ecological footprint, and massive technological growth.Today we are in a state of crisis, and we must join together to respond to that crisis. If we do so, Suzuki envisions a future in which we understand that we are the Earth and live accordingly. All it takes is imagination and a determination to live within our, and the planet's, means. This book is the culmination of David Suzuki's amazing life and all of his knowledge, experience, and passion - it is his legacy.
The Legacy of Alexander Luria: Neuropsychology as a Humane Science (SpringerBriefs in Psychology)
by Bella Kotik-FriedgutThis book invites you into the remarkable life and enduring legacy of Alexander Romanovich Luria whose groundbreaking contributions to understanding of the human mind continue to reverberate through modern neuroscience and clinical practice. Drawing from previously unknown personal diaries, intimate family archives, and firsthand accounts from those who knew him best, this book depicts the man behind the science. Born in revolutionary Russia and navigating the tumultuous political landscape of the Soviet era, Luria emerged as a brilliant mind whose work transcended borders and ideologies. It is not merely a biography—it is an invitation to discover how one exceptional scientist's blend of brilliant observation, methodological innovation, and profound empathy created a legacy that continues to transform how we understand and treat neurological conditions today. The book highlights Luria's revolutionary contributions to neuropsychology, his unique "romantic science" approach, and the personal insights offered through previously unpublished materials. What made Luria truly exceptional was his refusal to reduce patients to clinical cases. Instead, he pioneered what he called "romantic science"—an approach that honored the whole person behind the neurological condition. This small book gives the reader in-depth analysis of two of Luria&’s celebrated case studies. The Mind of a Mnemonist and The Man with a Shattered World, including the &“afterlife&” of these books, showing that decades later, Luria's work remains essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the complex relationship between brain, mind, and human experience. Delving into personal accounts from Luria&’s students and collaborators highlights his pivotal role in shaping the global neuropsychology community. His visionary approach to education established him as a mentor who profoundly influenced generations, leaving an enduring legacy through his systemic-dynamic method. His influence continues to resonate today, as his students make his ideas accessible to a new generation of scientists through webinars, conferences, books, and journal publications, including the Lurian Journal.
The Legacy of Carbon Dioxide: Past and Present Impacts
by Paul KarolThe Legacy of Carbon Dioxide: Past and Present Impacts covers the truly varied roles carbon dioxide (CO2) has played and continues to play in the character of our planet. It examines the synthesis of CO2 in stars, the evolution of the atmosphere over billions of years, the chemical and physical properties of CO2, and how those influence common phenomena. <P><P>The author discusses how well this knowledge is understood and how it was determined, including existing uncertainties in our confidence and the stress from competing possibilities. It includes historical perspectives that illustrate the thinking about various scientific issues and their perceptions at the time. <P><P>Features: <li>Provides a historical panorama on how much the world has changed over the eons and the vast influence of carbon dioxide in these changes <li>Follows CO2 through acidic explosive waters, volcanic episodes, sequestered reservoirs, and the chemistry of life <li>Examines the broad scope of chemical and physical attributes carbon dioxide is capable of and their impacts <P><P>Much of the technological verbiage in various incorporated sciences has been modified to ease consumption by the non-expert. This book is a valuable resource for readers interested in the science of carbon dioxide as well as natural science, the environment, scientific methods, chemistry, and geological sciences.
The Legacy of Tatjana Afanassjewa: Philosophical Insights from the Work of an Original Physicist and Mathematician (Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences #7)
by Jos Uffink Giovanni Valente Charlotte Werndl Lena ZuchowskiThis book presents a collection of essays that explore the life and works of Tatjana Afanassjewa (1876–1964), a Russian–Dutch physicist–mathematician. Readers will discover a scientist whose work on the foundations of thermodynamics significantly influenced the field itself as well as the philosophy of physics. This book highlights the philosophical consequences of her work in physics and mathematics and discusses historical aspects of her writings on the foundations of physics. In addition, it features English translations and critical reviews of key selections from her texts.First and foremost, the book highlights the numerous contributions that Afanassjewa made to the field. In particular, the authors examine her work on the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical physics, starting in the 1920s and extending to 1956, well after the untimely death of her husband in 1933. They also explore her almost entirely forgotten work on the didactics of mathematics. In addition, they discuss her influential collaboration with her husband, the Austrian physicist Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933).The portrait that emerges is that of a highly original physicist and mathematician, whose legacy continues to influence scientists and philosophers today and whose lesser-known works deserve more attention than they have received. Readers will find a rich body of work that continues to this day to yield insights into the foundations of physics and mathematics.
The Legacy of Vattel's Droit des gens
by Koen Stapelbroek Antonio TrampusThis edited collection offers a reassessment of the complicated legacy of Emer de Vattel’s Droit des gens, first published in 1758. One of the most influential books in the history of international law and a major reference point in the fields of international relations theory and political thought, this book played a role in the transformation of diplomatic practice in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. But how did Vattel’s legacy take shape? The volume argues that the enduring relevance of Vattel’s Droit des gens cannot be explained in terms of doctrines and academic disciplines that formed in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Instead, the chapters show how the complex reception of this book took shape historically and why it had such a wide geographical and disciplinary appeal until well into the twentieth century. The volume charts its reception through translations, intellectual, ideological and political appropriations as well as new practical usages, and explores Vattel’s discursive and conceptual innovations. Drawing on a wide range of sources, such as archive memoranda and diplomatic correspondences, this volume offers new perspectives on the book’s historical contexts and cultures of reception, moving past the usual approach of focusing primarily on the text. In doing so, this edited collection forms a major contribution to this new direction of study in intellectual history in general and Vattel’s Droit des gens in particular.
The Legacy of the Vienna Circle (Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook #30)
by Georg SchiemerThis book gives a critical evaluation of the Vienna Circle, its historical influences, and the philosophical legacy of logical empiricism. The first part of the volume contains nine original research articles by leading experts in the field on the philosophical work of Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Otto Neurath, Janina Hosiassion-Lindenbaum, Susan Stebbing, and Gustav Hempel (among others) and their respective influence on subsequent developments in philosophy and the science studies. Topics addressed in the volume include: scientific humanism and non-cognitivism, scientific pluralism, the post-war reception of Logical Empiricism, relativism and the sociology of science, inductive reasoning and probability theory, as well as aspects of logical theory reconstruction. This book is of relevance to scholars and advanced students interested in the history of logical empiricism and the history of philosophy of science more generally.
The Legal Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The European Union's Digital Strategy (Law, Governance and Technology Series #57)
by Chen Chen Dário Moura Vicente Sofia de Vasconcelos CasimiroThis book explores the concept of a fourth industrial revolution as an expression of the current technological, economic, and social changes sparked by the growing interconnectivity and intelligent automation that have emerged in the 21st century. It seeks to identify and explain the legal challenges posed by this phenomenon in four main areas: content, economy, security, and people.Part I, Content, considers e.g. the problems posed by new uses of protected works in the digital environment, and the new rules on liability for intermediary services contained in the Digital Services Act.Part II, Economy, is particularly concerned with the regulation of Big Tech in the EU’s Digital Markets Act, ecommerce and EU consumers’ rights, the taxation of online platforms, and digital advertising.Part III, Security, addresses the European Union Strategy for Cybersecurity, the use of biometric data systems and facial recognition technologies for law enforcement purposes, and the security implications of the Proposal for an EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, as well as the challenges entailed by the European Union’s positioning itself as a major cyber defence actor.Part IV, People, discusses the Data Protection Litigation System under the GDPR, the right to disconnect from work, the proposed EU Catalogue of Fundamental Digital Rights, the countering of terrorist propaganda online through the TERREG and the DSA, and AI and Fundamental Rights.
The Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: Current Challenges and Prospects for Future Development
by Barbara Janusz-PawlettaThis book analyzes the legal and economic situation concerning the removal and allocation of natural resources in the Caspian Sea – the largest enclosed body of salt water in the world, which not only constitutes a fragile ecosystem with tremendous fishery resources, but is also rich in oil and gas deposits. After more than 20 years of negotiations, the five littoral states signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea in August 2018.This book investigates whether this long-awaited agreement may pave a way forward for the sustainable and peaceful development of the Caspian region. The newly introduced regulations on the delimitation of the boundaries, on the Caspian Sea’s natural resources (especially its fossil fuels) and on the transport of goods by shipping and submarine pipelines, are of utmost importance for the successful participation of the Caspian states in global markets. In addition to a detailed analysis of the Convention, the book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the historical background and current status of issues that are of critical importance for the region’s development and security.
The Legibility of Serif and Sans Serif Typefaces: Reading from Paper and Reading from Screens (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by John T. RichardsonThis open access book provides a detailed and up-to-date account of the relevant literature on the legibility of different kinds of typefaces, which goes back over 140 years in the case of reading from paper and more than 50 years in the case of reading from screens. It describes the origins of serif and sans serif styles in ancient inscriptions, their adoption in modern printing techniques, and their legibility in different situations and in different populations of readers. It also examines recent research on the legibility of serif and sans serif typefaces when used with internet browsers, smartphones and other hand-held devices. The book investigates the difference in the legibility of serif typefaces and sans serif typefaces when they are used to produce printed material or when they are used to present material on computer monitors or other screens and it explores the differences in readers’ preferences among typefaces. The book’s main focus is on the psychology of reading, but there are clear implications for education and publishing. Indeed, the book can be read with benefit by anyone concerned with communicating with others through written text, whether it is printed on paper or displayed on computer screens.
The Lentil: Botany, Production and Uses
by William Erskine Ashutosh Sarker Balram Sharma Fred J. MuehlbauerThe lentil has an ancient origin but is now confronted with issues of food security, poverty, water scarcity and the need to find sustainable agricultural systems in a changing climate. A crop primarily grown in the developing world, it is ideally suited to address these issues through its ability to use water efficiently and grow in marginal environments as well as being high in protein and easily digestable. In the last three decades, the global production of lentils has almost tripled due to larger harvest areas but also more importantly to progress in research and productivity. Chapters outline improvements in production, such as water and soil nutrient management, agronomy, mechanization and weed management. Developments in genetics and breeding are discussed alongside improved knowledge of the lentils origin, domestication, morphology and adaptation. The implementation and impact of this new research at the farm level is also addressed as well as the crops post-harvest processing and nutritional value.