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Technical Barriers To Agricultural Trade
by Jimmye HillmanProfessor Hillman's Technical Barriers to Agricultural Trade is both timely and important. It is timely because the GATT negotiations are proceeding slowly in the agricultural arena partly due to a lack of agreement on technical barriers to agricultural trade. The book is important since it highlights many of the nontariff barriers which exist and concludes that they are significant impediments to international agricultural trade.
Technical Basis of Radiation Therapy
by Carlos A. Perez James A. Purdy Philip Poortmans Seymour H. LevittThis well-received book, now in its fifth edition, is unique in providing a detailed examination of the technological basis of radiation therapy. Another unique feature is that the chapters are jointly written by North American and European authors. This considerably broadens the book's contents and increases its applicability in daily practice throughout the world. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers basic concepts in treatment planning and explains the various approaches to radiation therapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, and high and low dose rate brachytherapy. The second discusses in depth the practical clinical applications of the different radiation therapy techniques in a wide range of cancer sites. All chapters have been written by leaders in the field. This book will serve to instruct and acquaint teachers, students, and practitioners with the basic technological factors and approaches in radiation therapy.
Technical Challenges of Multipollutant Air Quality Management
by Luisa T. Molina Jeffrey R. Brook Kenneth L. Demerjian Richard D. Scheffe George M. Hidy William T. PennellRecent critiques of air quality management approaches currently employed in developed and many developing countries have suggested that efficiencies could be achieved if air quality management practices shifted from pollutant-by-pollutant approaches to a comprehensive multipollutant approach in which emission reduction decisions are based on relative risk and evaluated on their effectiveness in meeting environmental and health goals. This book assesses our technical readiness to undertake such an approach, and it outlines the technical developments that will be needed to achieve a risk-based approach air quality management that includes means for measuring the effectiveness of management decisions.
Technical Change, Human Capital, and Spillovers in United States Agriculture, 1949-1985 (Routledge Library Editions: Agriculture #17)
by Klaus W. DeiningerFirst published in 1995. Based on a detailed adjustment for the quality of inputs and outputs, this study develops state-level measures for total factor productivity growth in US agriculture which are used to determine (i) the presence and determinants of convergence across states; (ii) the contribution of individual factors of production to productivity growth; (iii) the importance of spillovers across states; (iv) the economic effects of, returns to, and factor biases of research and extension. This title will be of great interest to students of economics and agriculture.
Technical Change, Relative Prices, and Environmental Resource Evaluation (Routledge Revivals)
by V. Kerry SmithOriginally published in 1974, Technical Change, Relative Prices, and Environmental Resource Evaluation explores the relationship between natural environmental resources and the differential implications of technological change and relative price appreciation. Smith claims that price is linked to technological progress and comments on the economic issues surrounding this. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies and Economics.
Technical Ekphrasis in Greek and Roman Science and Literature
by Courtney RobyEkphrasis is familiar as a rhetorical tool for inducing enargeia, the vivid sense that a reader or listener is actually in the presence of the objects described. This book focuses on the ekphrastic techniques used in ancient Greek and Roman literature to describe technological artifacts. Since the literary discourse on technology extended beyond technical texts, this book explores 'technical ekphrasis' in a wide range of genres, including history, poetry, and philosophy as well as mechanical, scientific, and mathematical works. Technical authors like Philo of Byzantium, Vitruvius, Hero of Alexandria, and Claudius Ptolemy are put into dialogue with close contemporaries in other genres, like Diodorus Siculus, Cicero, Ovid, and Aelius Theon. The treatment of 'technical ekphrasis' here covers the techniques of description, the interaction of verbal and visual elements, the role of instructions, and the balance between describing the artifact's material qualities and the other bodies of knowledge it evokes.
Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation
by Committee for Evaluation of Space Radiation Cancer Risk Model National Research Council Space Studies Board National Academies Division on Engineering and Physical SciencesNASA's current missions to the International Space Station (ISS) and potential future exploration missions involving extended stays by astronauts on the lunar surface, as well as the possibility of near- Earth object (NEO) or Mars missions, present challenges in protecting astronauts from radiation risks. These risks arise from a number of sources, including solar particle events (SPEs), galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), secondary radiation from surface impacts, and even the nuclear isotope power sources transported with the astronauts. The serious early and late radiation health effects potentially posed by these exposures are equally varied, ranging from early signs of radiation sickness to cancer induction. Other possible effects include central nervous system damage, cataracts, cardiovascular damage, heritable effects, impaired wound healing, and infertility. Recent research, much of which has been sponsored by NASA, has focused on understanding and quantifying the radiation health risks posed by space radiation environments. Although many aspects of the space radiation environments are now relatively well characterized, important uncertainties still exist regarding biological effects and thus regarding the level and types of risks faced by astronauts. This report presents an evaluation of NASA's proposed space radiation cancer risk assessment model, which is described in the 2011 NASA report, Space Radiation Cancer Risk Projections and Uncertainties--2010. The evaluation in Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation considers the model components, input data (for the radiation types, estimated doses, and epidemiology), and the associated uncertainties. This report also identifies gaps in NASA's current research strategy for reducing the uncertainties in cancer induction risks.
Technical Foundations of Neurofeedback
by Thomas F. ColluraTechnical Foundations of Neurofeedback provides, for the first time, an authoritative and complete account of the scientific and technical basis of EEG biofeedback. Beginning with the physiological origins of EEG rhythms, Collura describes the basis of measuring brain activity from the scalp and how brain rhythms reflect key brain regulatory processes. He then develops the theory as well as the practice of measuring, processing, and feeding back brain activity information for biofeedback training. Combining both a "top down" and a "bottom up" approach, Collura describes the core scientific principles, as well as current clinical experience and practical aspects of neurofeedback assessment and treatment therapy. Whether the reader has a technical need to understand neurofeedback, is a current or future neurofeedback practitioner, or only wants to understand the scientific basis of this important new field, this concise and authoritative book will be a key source of information..
Technical Innovation, solving the Data Spaces and Marketplaces Interoperability Problems for the Global Data-Driven Economy: i3-MARKET Series - Part III: The i3-MARKET FOSS Handbook (River Publishers Series in Computing and Information Science and Technology)
by Martín Serrano Achille Zappa Waheed Ashraf Pedro Maló Márcio Mateus Edgar Fries Iván Martínez Alessandro Amicone Justina Bieliauskaite Marina CugurraIn the third i3-MARKET series book we focus on the best practices and simplest software methods and mechanisms that allow the i3-MARKET backplane reference implementation to be instantiated, tested and validated even before the technical expert and developer communities decide to integrate the i3-MARKET as a reference implementation or adopted open-source software tools. The purpose of this book is to offer a clear understanding of the technological components as well as the software infrastructures, and the steps to be followed to avoid overwhelming the deployment activity.i3-MARKET has three industrial pilots defined in terms of data resources used to deploy data-driven applications that use the most of the i3-MARKET backplane services and functionalities. The different software technologies developed, including the use of open-source frameworks, within the context of the i3-MARKET is considered as a bill of software artefacts of the resources needed to perform demonstrators, proof of concepts, and prototype solutions. The i3-MARKET handbook can be used as input for configurators and developers to set up and pre-test testbeds and therefore it is extremely valuable to organizations if used properly.
Technical Landfills and Waste Management: Volume 1: Landfill Impacts, Characterization and Valorisation (Springer Water)
by Abdelkader Anouzla Salah SouabiA "zero waste" society and the "circular economy" trend are urgently needed. Even if achieving 100% trash recycling and a fully circular economy may not always be attainable, aiming toward this goal might result in a sustainable future. Municipal solid wastes pose a hazard to the environment because of open burning, landfills, reckless disposal, and many other factors. Waste is being thrown away in more significant quantities and is made up of several different materials. Municipal solid waste (MSW) characteristics must be carefully considered when developing, implementing, or modifying solid waste management systems. Local waste variables that vary with cultural, climatic, socioeconomic, and institutional capacities are crucial for developing efficient waste management techniques. This book provides a comprehensive overview of landfills' situation, their categories, and the types of garbage they receive. The final section of the study provides an overview of prospective waste management techniques, their restrictions, and the potential areas for further research on landfill sites. This book has the advantage that world-class experts in their respective fields have written each chapter. As a result, this book presents a balanced picture across the whole spectrum of chapters on municipal solid wastes.
Technical Landfills and Waste Management: Volume 2: Municipal Solid Waste Management (Springer Water)
by Salah Souabi Abdelkader AnouzlaThis book examines the issue of solid waste generation and management as a worldwide phenomenon, focusing on strategies that facilitate the disposal and utilization of waste while ensuring environmental integrity and meeting the needs of future generations. The process of urbanization, particularly in densely populated cities, has resulted in a notable increase in the production of solid waste. Unfortunately, the current management system employed by the government, as well as the available resources and technical capabilities, is insufficient in effectively addressing this issue. As a result, the accumulation of solid waste in the environment continues to rise, causing adverse impacts on both the natural surroundings and human well-being. The contamination of the air, soil, and water directly stems from this mounting waste. To confront this global challenge, determined efforts are being made to manage and diminish the volume of solid waste, with the ultimate goal of safeguarding the environment and preserving the welfare of future generations. Furthermore, the book delves into various sustainable development approaches, such as Gasification and Ash Melting, Anaerobic Digestion, and Composition. Additionally, it highlights the recent advancements in these techniques by scientists, which contribute to promoting sustainable solid waste management.
The Technical Principles of Endoscopic Surgery
by Ivo Broeders Sandy Kalisingh Silvana Perretta Amir SzoldThe introduction of laparoscopic surgery as a standard technique marked a revolution in operating theaters around the globe. Over thirty years later, almost every disorder in the thorax and abdomen eligible for surgery can be approached by endoscopic techniques. We have witnessed a unique journey of technical innovations that enables surgeons to work with this minimally invasive approach in the most complex procedures.Benefits to the patient are clear, by reducing external and internal trauma, and surgeons are supported by advanced technology that has increased their options to see, dissect and repair in ways that were beyond imagination. With the new options came a completely new working environment,that is dictated by advanced surgical and digital technologies. This requires investment in a new knowledge domain, while medical and surgical training still strongly focusses on anatomy, physiology and pathology.The lack of in-depth knowledge on high tech surgical equipment and workplaces is recognized among surgeons and OR staff, but educational programs are late to adapt. This book fulfills the need for a comprehensive overview on a wide variety of technical aspects of endoscopic surgery, that need to be understood in detail before starting to work in practice. In this book, international experts explain and share their expertise to contribute to education, efficiency and patient safety in the technological aspects of endoscopic surgery.The book is written for all healthcare workers who are directly or indirectly involved with endoscopic surgery, from surgeons to OR assistants and nurses, and from Techmed student and OR managers to sterilization specialists. The book covers extensively surgical instruments, hardware for endoscopic surgery and the surgical work environment. It can be used as a textbook, or as a reference book for knowledge on any of the topics covered.This book addresses the growing need for knowledge about technologies that will continue to shape the future of surgery and operating rooms.
Technical Proceedings: 2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show
by NanoScience Technology InstThe Cleantech conference, which runs parallel with NSTI's Nanotech, is designed to promote advancements in traditional technologies.
Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers: Basics and Applications
by Achim SchmidtThermodynamics is a subject that all engineering students have to face and that most of them treat with great respect. This makes it all the more important to offer a good and easy-to-understand approach to the laws of energy conversion. This is what this textbook is intended to do: It covers the basics of classical technical thermodynamics as they are typically taught at universities: The first and second law of thermodynamics as well as equations of state are explained for idealized and real fluids which are subject to a phase change. Thermodynamic mixtures, e.g. humid air, are treated as well as chemical reactions. Components and thermodynamic cycle that convert energy are presented. The book attaches great importance to drawings and illustrations, which should make it easier to comprehend complex matter. Technical applications and apparatus are presented and explained. Numerous exercises and examples conclude the book and contribute to a better understanding of the theory.
Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers: Basics and Applications
by Achim SchmidtThe book covers the classical areas of technical thermodynamics: The first part deals with the basic equations for energy conversion and idealized fluids. The second part deals with real fluids, which can be subject to a phase change, for example. Furthermore, thermodynamic mixtures of fluids are considered, e.g., humid air and gas mixtures. In the last part of the book, combustion processes and chemical reactions are presented and thermodynamically balanced. In each chapter, there are examples and exercises to deepen the theoretical knowledge. Compared to the first edition, the topic of thermodynamic state diagrams has been greatly revised. State diagrams of relevant refrigerants have been added as well as a formulary. The section on chemically reacting systems has been expanded and thoroughly revised. In the basic chapters, tasks and examples have been added to consolidate the understanding of the subject. The book is aimed at students of mechanical engineering and professional engineers.
Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers: Basics and Applications
by Achim SchmidtThis book covers the classical areas of technical thermodynamics: The first part deals with the basic equations for energy conversion and idealized fluids. The second part deals with real fluids, which can be subject to a phase change, for example. Furthermore, thermodynamic mixtures of fluids are considered, e.g., humid air and gas mixtures. In the last part of the book, combustion processes and chemical reactions are presented and thermodynamically balanced. In each chapter, there are examples and exercises to deepen the theoretical knowledge. In this third edition of the textbook, a chapter on thermodynamics of mixtures has been added. This includes both gas and liquid mixtures, which are considered ideal and real. Equilibrium conditions and state functions are derived step by step and discussed using the example of binary mixtures. The book is aimed at students of mechanical engineering and professional engineers.
Technical Thermodynamics Workbook for Engineers: Typical Tasks with Detailed Solutions
by Achim SchmidtThis book offers a comprehensive collection of typical tasks from technical thermodynamics. It is ideal for preparing written and oral examinations at university. It contains 180 tasks that are solved in detail. Alternative solution strategies are often shown and discussed. The book is interesting for all engineering students who have to take an exam in thermodynamics. A problem-orientated approach is followed and a systematic method for solving the tasks is developed. Theoretical correlations and thermodynamic fundamentals are solved by means of concrete tasks. In addition to comprehension questions, the book contains numerous typical calculation problems. Here, too, the basics are summarised and solutions respectively solution strategies are discussed. These are conceived to provide students with strategies and tools to solve complex tasks. All these exercises should help to deepen the physical knowledge. The greater the technical competence, the more confidently one can face the exam! At best, the tasks will help you to have fun and enjoy thermodynamics! This book is a perfect complement to my textbook "Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers".
Technicians of Human Dignity: Bodies, Souls, and the Making of Intrinsic Worth (Just Ideas)
by null Gaymon BennettTechnicians of Human Dignity traces the extraordinary rise of human dignity as a defining concern of religious, political, and bioethical institutions over the last half century and offers original insight into how human dignity has become threatened by its own success. The global expansion of dignitarian politics has left dignity without a stable set of meanings or referents, unsettling contemporary economies of life and power.Engaging anthropology, theology, and bioethics, Bennett grapples with contemporary efforts to mobilize human dignity as a counter-response to the biopolitics of the human body, and the breakdowns this has generated. To do this, he investigates how actors in pivotal institutions —the Vatican, the United Nations, U.S. Federal Bioethics—reconceived human dignity as the bearer of intrinsic worth, only to become frustrated by the Sisyphean struggle of turning its conceptions into practice.
Technik sozialisieren? / Technology Socialisation?: Soziale Angemessenheit für technische Systeme / Social Appropriateness and Artificial Systems (Techno:Phil – Aktuelle Herausforderungen der Technikphilosophie #10)
by Bruno Gransche Jacqueline Bellon Sebastian Nähr-WagenerAnwendungen Künstlicher Intelligenz, Maschinellen Lernens sowie Robotik und weitere informatische Systeme spielen in immer mehr Bereichen der menschlichen Lebenswelt eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Technik wird dabei auch weiterhin und zunehmend Medium menschlicher Kommunikation und Interaktion sein, darüber hinaus wird jedoch auch immer mehr menschliche Interaktion nicht nur durch sondern mit Technik stattfinden. Eine Dimension neuer Mensch-Technik-Relationen ist dabei das Phänomen sozialer Angemessenheit. Obgleich sich dieses nicht auf ein einfaches Regelwerk reduzieren lässt, verhalten sich Menschen in zwischenmenschlicher Interaktion ganz selbstverständlich sozial angemessen und treffen in der Regel ohne Weiteres ‚den richtigen Ton‘. Wie aber verhält es sich mit ‚intelligenten‘ technischen Systemen? Können – sollten – diese mit Fähigkeiten zu entsprechendem Sozialverhalten ausgestattet werden, um damit auch eine weitere bedeutsame Grenze zwischen Mensch und Technik zum Verschwinden zu bringen? Anders gefragt: Ist es möglich und erforderlich, Technik zu sozialisieren?
The Technique of Thought: Nancy, Laruelle, Malabou, and Stiegler after Naturalism
by Ian JamesInterrogating the work of four contemporary French philosophers to rethink philosophy&’s relationship to science and science&’s relationship to realityThe Technique of Thought explores the relationship between philosophy and science as articulated in the work of four contemporary French thinkers—Jean-Luc Nancy, François Laruelle, Catherine Malabou, and Bernard Stiegler. Situating their writings within both contemporary scientific debates and the philosophy of science, Ian James elaborates a philosophical naturalism that is notably distinct from the Anglo-American tradition. The naturalism James proposes also diverges decisively from the ways in which continental philosophy has previously engaged with the sciences. He explores the technical procedures and discursive methods used by each of the four thinkers as distinct &“techniques of thought&” that approach scientific understanding and knowledge experimentally. Moving beyond debates about the constructed nature of scientific knowledge, The Technique of Thought argues for a strong, variably configured, and entirely novel scientific realism. By bringing together post-phenomenological perspectives concerning individual or collective consciousness and first-person qualitative experience with science&’s focus on objective and third-person quantitative knowledge, James tracks the emergence of a new image of the sciences and of scientific practice. Stripped of aspirations toward total mastery of the universe or a &“grand theory of everything,&” this renewed scientific worldview, along with the simultaneous reconfiguration of philosophy&’s relationship to science, opens up new ways of interrogating immanent reality.
Techniques and Applications of Path Integration
by L. S. SchulmanA book of techniques and applications, this text defines the path integral and illustrates its uses by example. It is suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics; its sole prerequisite is a first course in quantum mechanics. For applications requiring specialized knowledge, the author supplies background material.The first part of the book develops the techniques of path integration. Topics include probability amplitudes for paths and the correspondence limit for the path integral; vector potentials; the Ito integral and gauge transformations; free particle and quadratic Lagrangians; properties of Green's functions and the Feynman-Kac formula; functional derivatives and commutation relations; Brownian motion and the Wiener integral; and perturbation theory and Feynman diagrams.The second part, dealing with applications, covers asymptotic analysis and the calculus of variations; the WKB approximation and near caustics; the phase of the semiclassical amplitude; scattering theory; and geometrical optics. Additional topics include the polaron; path integrals for multiply connected spaces; quantum mechanics on curved spaces; relativistic propagators and black holes; applications to statistical mechanics; systems with random impurities; instantons and metastability; renormalization and scaling for critical phenomena; and the phase space path integral.
Techniques and Experiments in Organic Chemistry (First Edition): Biological Perspectives And Sustainability
by Gregory K. FriestadBring green chemistry into your organic lab. Gregory Friestad’s Techniques and Experiments in Organic Chemistry, developed and student tested at the University of Iowa, is the first modern text written from the ground up to integrate green chemistry principles throughout the entire lab curriculum. In addition, the text’s experiments give students practical experience using typical laboratory research-scale glassware. Norton offers flexible and affordable options, as well as unmatched instructor support tools, online pre-lab quizzes, and techniques videos. This purchase offers access to the digital ebook only.
Techniques and Practice of Chromatography (Chromatographic Science Ser. #70)
by Raymond P.W. ScottThis work introduces scientists of all disciplines to the chromatographic process and how it functions. The basic principles of chromatographic separation and specific chromatographic procedures, including gas, liquid and thin-layer chromatography, are covered. For each separation method the book details its characteristics, the instrumentation required, the procedures necessary for effective use, areas of application and examples of its use.;This work is intended for analytical chemists, laboratory technicians, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in analytical chemistry or separation science courses.
Techniques and Tools for Designing an Online Social Network Platform
by Panagiotis KarampelasFollowing the introduction of Myspace, Linkedin and Facebook, social networks have become part of people's everyday life. New online social networks appear almost daily developed to attract the attention of Internet users. However, design and implementation standards and guidelines are often sacrificed for innovation resulting in unusable social networking platforms destined to be doomed. Within this context, the present book recommends a design and implementation methodology which will allow future social networking platform designers and developers to work in a scientifically systematic and sound manner to reach their goal. The journey begins with the identification of the pursued objective of the social network and the potential participants. The presentation of various methods and techniques to collect the requirements of the intended user group of the social networking platform follows. Best practices, guidelines and standards that will facilitate the conceptual and physical design of the platform are portrayed. An analysis of advantages and limitations for existing implementation platforms and potential implementation techniques is subsequently offered to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate tool for the implementation of the online social networking website. Various representative visualization techniques are examined in order to enhance the visual representation of the social network participants. Various usability evaluation techniques are then presented to aid in the assessment of usability and improvement of the actual user experience. Finally, future trends in the design and use of social networks are presented.
Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement
by Frank E. JonesTechniques and Topics in Flow Measurement covers the applications and techniques of flow measurement. This definitive book provides guidelines for choosing appropriate techniques and assuring valid measurements as well as describes methods for treatment of calibration data in fluid flow under various conditions. The book also covers three systems of units: the SI system, the English Absolute Dimensional system, and the English Engineering system. Commonly used - and often misused - variables such as force, weight, and pressure are defined, and the relationships between the systems for these common variables are summarized.One of the many unique features of Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement is the number of ready-to-use tables included throughout the text. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and specific heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air. Another unique feature of this book is the number of highly relevant examples. The author includes examples/exercises that demonstrate applications for density calculations; water vapor mixing ratio determination; gas viscosity interpolation; NIST guideline applications; buoyancy corrections; and more.