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Wave Motion in Elastic Solids
by Karl F. GraffThis highly useful textbook presents comprehensive intermediate-level coverage of nearly all major topics of elastic wave propagation in solids. The subjects range from the elementary theory of waves and vibrations in strings to the three-dimensional theory of waves in thick plates. The book is designed not only for a wide audience of engineering students, but also as a general reference for workers in vibrations and acoustics. Chapters 1-4 cover wave motion in the simple structural shapes, namely strings, longitudinal rod motion, beams and membranes, plates and (cylindrical) shells. Chapters 5-8 deal with wave propagation as governed by the three-dimensional equations of elasticity and cover waves in infinite media, waves in half-space, scattering and diffraction, and waves in thick rods, plates, and shells.To make the book as self-contained as possible, three appendices offer introductory material on elasticity equations, integral transforms and experimental methods in stress waves. In addition, the author has presented fairly complete development of a number of topics in the mechanics and mathematics of the subject, such as simple transform solutions, orthogonality conditions, approximate theories of plates and asymptotic methods.Throughout, emphasis has been placed on showing results, drawn from both theoretical and experimental studies, as well as theoretical development of the subject. Moreover, there are over 100 problems distributed throughout the text to help students grasp the material. The result is an excellent resource for both undergraduate and graduate courses and an authoritative reference and review for research workers and professionals.
Wave Phenomena
by Dudley H. TowneThis excellent undergraduate-level text emphasizes optics and acoustics, covering inductive derivation of the equation for transverse waves on a string, acoustic plane waves, boundary-value problems, polarization, three-dimensional waves and more. With numerous problems (solutions for about half). "The material is superbly chosen and brilliantly written" -- Physics Today. Problems. Appendices.
Wave Propagation Analysis of Smart Nanostructures
by Farzad Ebrahimi Ali DabbaghWave Propagation Analysis of Smart Nanostructures presents a mathematical framework for the wave propagation problem of small-scale nanobeams and nanoplates manufactured from various materials, including functionally graded composites, smart piezoelectric materials, smart magneto-electro-elastic materials, smart magnetostrictive materials, and porous materials. In this book, both classical and refined higher-order shear deformation beam and plate hypotheses are employed to formulate the wave propagation problem using the well-known Hamilton’s principle. Additionally, the influences of small-scale nanobeams on the mechanical behaviors of nanostructures are covered using both nonlocal elasticity and nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theories. Impacts of various terms, such as elastic springs of elastic foundation, damping coefficient of viscoelastic substrate, different types of temperature change, applied electric voltage and magnetic potential, and intensity of an external magnetic field on the dispersion curves of nanostructures, are included in the framework of numerous examples.
Wave Propagation and Radiation in Gyrotropic and Anisotropic Media
by Abdullah ErogluWave Propagation and Radiation in Gyrotropic and Anisotropic Media fills the gap in the area of applied electromagnetics for the design of microwave and millimeter wave devices using composite structures where gyrotropic, anisotropic materials are used. The book provides engineers with the information on theory and practical skills they need to understand wave propagation and radiation characteristics of materials and the ability to design devices at higher frequencies with optimum device performance.
Wave Propagation Approach for Structural Vibration (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Chongjian WuThis book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in the fields of structure-borne sound, structural dynamics, and noise and vibration control.Based on vibration differential equations, it presents equations derived from the exponential function in the time domain, providing a unified framework for structural vibration analysis, which makes it more regular and normalized. This wave propagation approach (WPA) divides structures at “discontinuity points,” and the waves show characteristics of propagation, reflection, attenuation, and waveform conversion. In each segment of the system between two “discontinuity points,” the governing equation and constraint are expressed accurately, allowing the dynamic properties of complex systems to be precisely obtained.Starting with basic structures such as beams and plates, the book then discusses theoretical research on complicated and hybrid dynamical systems, and demonstrates that structural vibration can be analyzed from the perspective of elastic waves by applying WPA.
Wave Propagation in a Random Medium (Dover Books on Physics)
by Richard A. Silverman Lev A. ChernovThis monograph by a prominent Russian expert was a ground-breaking contribution to the literature on the theory of wave propagation in randomly inhomogeneous media. Since the publication of the first English translation in 1960, the systematic treatment has been widely used by scientists, engineers, and advanced undergraduate students in such fields as acoustics, radio-wave physics, and optics. The three-part treatment begins with a study of the problem of wave propagation using the ray approximation, followed by the second part's examination of the diffraction theory of wave propagation. The final part explores the question of how fluctuations in the incident wave affect the diffraction image formed by a focusing system, a question of considerable interest in hydroacoustics and astronomical optics. Some of the theoretical deductions are compared with experimental data, and two appendixes contain more elaborate calculations. This edition serves as a companion volume to Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium, also available from Dover Publications.
Wave Propagation in Drilling, Well Logging and Reservoir Applications
by Wilson C. ChinWave propagation is central to all areas of petroleum engineering, e.g., drilling vibrations, MWD mud pulse telemetry, swab-surge, geophysical ray tracing, ocean and current interactions, electromagnetic wave and sonic applications in the borehole, but rarely treated rigorously or described in truly scientific terms, even for a single discipline. <P><P>Wilson Chin, an MIT and Caltech educated scientist who has consulted internationally, provides an integrated, comprehensive, yet readable exposition covering all of the cited topics, offering insights, algorithms and validated methods never before published. A must on every petroleum engineering bookshelf! In particular, the book - Delivers drillstring vibrations models coupling axial, torsional and lateral motions that predict rate-of-penetration, bit bounce and stick-slip as they depend on rock-bit interaction and bottomhole assembly properties, Explains why catastrophic lateral vibrations at the neutral point cannot be observed from the surface even in vertical wells, but providing a proven method to avoid them, Demonstrates why Fermat's "principle of least time" (used in geophysics) applies to non-dissipative media only, but using the "kinematic wave theory" developed at MIT, derives powerful methods applicable to general attenuative inhomogeneous media, Develops new approaches to mud acoustics and applying them to MWD telemetry modeling and strong transients in modern swab-surge applicagtions, Derives new algorithms for borehole geophysics interpretation, e.g., Rh and Rv in electromagnetic wave and permeability in Stoneley waveform analysis, and Outlines many more applications, e.g., wave loadings on offshore platforms, classical problems in wave propagation, and extensions to modern kinematic wave theory. These disciplines, important to all field-oriented activities, are not treated as finite element applications that are simply gridded, "number-crunched" and displayed, but as scientific disciplines deserving of clear explanation. General results are carefully motivated, derived and applied to real-world problems, with results demonstrating the importance and predictive capabilities of the new methods.
Wave Propagation in Fluids: Models and Numerical Techniques (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Vincent GuinotThis second edition with four additional chapters presents the physical principles and solution techniques for transient propagation in fluid mechanics and hydraulics. The application domains vary including contaminant transport with or without sorption, the motion of immiscible hydrocarbons in aquifers, pipe transients, open channel and shallow water flow, and compressible gas dynamics. The mathematical formulation is covered from the angle of conservation laws, with an emphasis on multidimensional problems and discontinuous flows, such as steep fronts and shock waves. Finite difference-, finite volume- and finite element-based numerical methods (including discontinuous Galerkin techniques) are covered and applied to various physical fields. Additional chapters include the treatment of geometric source terms, as well as direct and adjoint sensitivity modeling for hyperbolic conservation laws. A concluding chapter is devoted to practical recommendations to the modeler. Application exercises with on-line solutions are proposed at the end of the chapters.
Wave Propagation in Fluids: Models and Numerical Techniques (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Vincent GuinotThis book presents the physical principles of wave propagation in fluid mechanics and hydraulics. The mathematical techniques that allow the behavior of the waves to be analyzed are presented, along with existing numerical methods for the simulation of wave propagation. Particular attention is paid to discontinuous flows, such as steep fronts and shock waves, and their mathematical treatment. A number of practical examples are taken from various areas fluid mechanics and hydraulics, such as contaminant transport, the motion of immiscible hydrocarbons in aquifers, river flow, pipe transients and gas dynamics. Finite difference methods and finite volume methods are analyzed and applied to practical situations, with particular attention being given to their advantages and disadvantages. Application exercises are given at the end of each chapter, enabling readers to test their understanding of the subject.
Wave Propagation in Materials and Structures
by Srinivasan GopalakrishnanThis book focuses on basic and advanced concepts of wave propagation in diverse material systems and structures. Topics are organized in increasing order of complexity for better appreciation of the subject. Additionally, the book provides basic guidelines to design many of the futuristic materials and devices for varied applications. The material in the book also can be used for designing safer and more lightweight structures such as aircraft, bridges, and mechanical and structural components. The main objective of this book is to bring both the introductory and the advanced topics of wave propagation into one text. Such a text is necessary considering the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject. This book is written in a step-by step modular approach wherein the chapters are organized so that the complexity in the subject is slowly introduced with increasing chapter numbers. Text starts by introducing all the fundamental aspects of wave propagations and then moves on to advanced topics on the subject. Every chapter is provided with a number of numerical examples of increasing complexity to bring out the concepts clearly The solution of wave propagation is computationally very intensive and hence two different approaches, namely, the Finite Element method and the Spectral Finite method are introduced and have a strong focus on wave propagation. The book is supplemented by an exhaustive list of references at the end of the book for the benefit of readers.
Wave Propagation in Nanostructures
by Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan Saggam NarendarWave Propagation in Nanostructures describes the fundamental and advanced concepts of waves propagating in structures that have dimensions of the order of nanometers. The book is fundamentally based on non-local elasticity theory, which includes scale effects in the continuum model. The book predominantly addresses wave behavior in carbon nanotubes and Graphene structures, although the methods of analysis provided in this text are equally applicable to other nanostructures. The book takes the reader from the fundamentals of wave propagation in nanotubes to more advanced topics such as rotating nanotubes, coupled nanotubes, and nanotubes with magnetic field and surface effects. The first few chapters cover the basics of wave propagation, different modeling schemes for nanostructures and introduce non-local elasticity theories, which form the building blocks for understanding the material provided in later chapters. A number of interesting examples are provided to illustrate the important features of wave behavior in these low dimensional structures.
Wave Propagation in Solid and Porous Half-Space Media
by Hamid R. Hamidzadeh Liming Dai Reza N. JazarThis book covers advanced topics in dynamic modeling of soil-foundation interaction, as well as the response of elastic semi-infinite media from an applications viewpoint. Advanced concepts such as solutions for analysis of elastic semi-infinite mediums, fluid motion in porous media, and nonlinearities in dynamic behavior are explained in great detail. Related theories and numerical analysis for vertical vibration, and rocking vibration of a rigid rectangular mass-less plate, and horizontal vibration of a rigid mass-less plate are presented. Throughout the book, a strong emphasis is placed on applications, and a laboratory model for elastic half-space medium is provided.
Wave Propagation in Structures: Spectral Analysis Using Fast Discrete Fourier Transforms (Mechanical Engineering Series)
by James F. DoyleThis third edition builds on the introduction of spectral analysis as a means of investigating wave propagation and transient oscillations in structures. Each chapter of the textbook has been revised, updated and augmented with new material, such as a modified treatment of the curved plate and cylinder problem that yields a relatively simple but accurate spectral analysis. Finite element methods are now integrated into the spectral analyses to gain further insights into the high-frequency problems. In addition, a completely new chapter has been added that deals with waves in periodic and discretized structures. Examples for phononic materials meta-materials as well as genuine atomic systems are given.
Wave-Swept Shore: The Rigors of Life on a Rocky Coast
by Mimi KoehlThis book tells the story of one stretch along the Pacific coast of North America--introducing the mussels, limpets, crabs, grasses, starfish, kelp, and other animals and plants that live there, and explaining how they function and flourish in an environment of waves, sand, and rocks.
Wave Turbulence
by Sergey NazarenkoWave Turbulence refers to the statistical theory of weakly nonlinear dispersive waves. There is a wide and growing spectrum of physical applications, ranging from sea waves, to plasma waves, to superfluid turbulence, to nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates. Beyond the fundamentals the book thus also covers new developments such as the interaction of random waves with coherent structures (vortices, solitons, wave breaks), inverse cascades leading to condensation and the transitions between weak and strong turbulence, turbulence intermittency as well as finite system size effects, such as "frozen" turbulence, discrete wave resonances and avalanche-type energy cascades. This book is an outgrow of several lectures courses held by the author and, as a result, written and structured rather as a graduate text than a monograph, with many exercises and solutions offered along the way. The present compact description primarily addresses students and non-specialist researchers wishing to enter and work in this field.
Wave, Wind, and Current Power Generation
by Victor M. Lyatkher Ziaur RahmanWAVE AND CURRENT POWER GENERATION Written by two well-known and respected engineers, this exciting new volume is the most up-to-date and comprehensive text on power generation from waves and water currents available today to engineers, scientists, and students, also covering the latest advances in wind power generation. As the world turns further and further away from fossil fuel energy sources, unconventional and renewable sources of energy, such as power generation from water sources and wind energy, are becoming more and more important. Hydropower has been around for decades, but this book suggests new methods that are more cost-effective and less intrusive to the environment for creating power sources from rivers, the tides, and other sources of water. Written by two experts in the field, it also covers wind energy and how it can be more efficiently harnessed. This groundbreaking new volume deals with modern problems of using wind energy, namely, jet currents in the atmosphere and the energy of water flows of rivers, ocean and sea currents, including those caused by tides. Wind and water-based energy sources form an essential part of the renewable energy solution. The engineering measures discussed in this book prove, for example, that by reducing the rate of dissipation of atmospheric surface low-level currents by only one percent, it is possible to provide all of humanity with energy at rates twice the per capita consumption of the wealthiest countries. Whether for the veteran engineer or the engineering student, this book is a must-have for any library. Wave, Wind and Current Power Generation: Is one of the first books available on wave and current power generation containing information for engineers to use for solving day-to-day problems Assists engineers in rapidly analyzing problems and finding effective design methods and select mechanical specifications Provides methods and proven fundamentals of process design for practical application Helps achieve optimum operations and process conditions and shows how to translate design fundamentals into mechanical equipment specifications Covers not just wave and current power generation, but also has a section on wind power generation and a comprehensive overview of renewable energy in the world today
Waveform Analysis of Sound
by Mikio TohyamaWhat is this sound? What does that sound indicate? These are two questions frequently heard in daily conversation. Sound results from the vibrations of elastic media and in daily life provides informative signals of events happening in the surrounding environment. In interpreting auditory sensations, the human ear seems particularly good at extracting the signal signatures from sound waves. Although exploring auditory processing schemes may be beyond our capabilities, source signature analysis is a very attractive area in which signal-processing schemes can be developed using mathematical expressions. This book is inspired by such processing schemes and is oriented to signature analysis of waveforms. Most of the examples in the book are taken from data of sound and vibrations; however, the methods and theories are mostly formulated using mathematical expressions rather than by acoustical interpretation. This book might therefore be attractive and informative for scientists, engineers, researchers, and graduate students who are interested in the mathematical representation of signals and the applications of Fourier analysis. The book can be described as being practically self-contained but does assume readers are familiar with introductory topics in discrete signal processing, as in the discrete Fourier transform. Hence this book might be also usable as a textbook in graduate courses in applied mathematics on topics such as complex functions. Almost all scientific phenomena are sensed as waves propagating in some space. Over the years, waveform analysis has therefore been one of the resilient academic areas of study and still is seen as fertile ground for development. In particular, waveform analysis based on the theory of linear systems would be a good example where a physical interpretation can be given to the mathematical theory of complex functions in terms of magnitude, angle, poles, and zeros of complex functions. For readers who are interested in the physical aspects of sound and vibration data or elementary formulation of wave equations and their solutions, the book Sound and Signals by M. Tohyama (Springer 2011) is recommended. It can serve as a complementary companion to this present volume or independently as a good reference.
Wavefront Shaping and Pupil Engineering (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #235)
by Jorge Ojeda-CastañedaThis book presents a simple, yet comprehensive, treatment of the basic principles and applications of novel phase masks and non-uniform optical windows under the increasingly popular umbrella term “pupil engineering.” It discusses current research topics in the areas of phase-space representations for engineering imaging devices with extended depth of field, as well as sparse optical sensing and emergent phenomena such as vortices and singularities, highlighting the heuristic applications of key concepts in novel models and their graphic representations. The book is appealing to anyone interested in robotic vision and is a valuable resource for upper-level students, teachers, scientists, and engineers in the field of image science, lasers, and digital image processing.
Wavefront Shaping for Biomedical Imaging (Advances in Microscopy and Microanalysis)
by Joel Kubby Sylvain Gigan Meng CuiLearn about the theory, techniques and applications of wavefront shaping in biomedical imaging using this unique text. With authoritative contributions from researchers who are defining the field, cutting-edge theory is combined with real-world practical examples, experimental data and the latest research trends to provide the first book-level treatment of the subject. It is suitable for both background reading and use in a course, with coverage of essential topics such as adaptive optical microscopy, deep tissue microscopy, time reversal and optical phase conjugation, and tomography. The latest images from the forefront of biomedical imaging are included, and full-colour versions are available in the eBook version. Researchers, practitioners and graduate students in optics, biophotonics, biomedical engineering, and biology who use biomedical imaging tools and are looking to advance their knowledge of the subject will find this an indispensable resource.
Waveguide Propagation of Nonlinear Waves: Impact of Inhomogeneity and Accompanying Effects (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #109)
by Sergey LebleThis book addresses the peculiarities of nonlinear wave propagation in waveguides and explains how the stratification depends on the waveguide and confinement. An example of this is an optical fibre that does not allow light to pass through a density jump. The book also discusses propagation in the nonlinear regime, which is characterized by a specific waveform and amplitude, to demonstrate so-called solitonic behaviour. In this case, a wave may be strongly localized, and propagates with a weak change in shape. In the waveguide case there are additional contributions of dispersion originating from boundary or asymptotic conditions.Offering concrete guidance on solving application problems, this essentially (more than twice) expanded second edition includes various aspects of guided propagation of nonlinear waves as well as new topics like solitonic behaviour of one-mode and multi-mode excitation and propagation and plasma waveguides, propagation peculiarities of electromagnetic waves in metamaterials, new types of dispersion, dissipation, electromagnetic waveguides, planetary waves and plasma waves interaction.The key feature of the solitonic behaviour is based on Coupled KdV and Coupled NS systems. The systems are derived in this book and solved numerically with the proof of stability and convergence. The domain wall dynamics of ferromagnetic microwaveguides and Bloch waves in nano-waveguides are also included with some problems of magnetic momentum and charge transport.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
by Klaus Grobe Michael EiseltIn this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the text provides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are considered, and a preview of the upcoming 100 Gb/s systems and technologies for even higher bit rates is given as well.Key features:Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view) down to PON access (micro view). Includes all major telecom and datacom applications. Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and next-gen systems. Offers practical guidelines for system / link engineering.
Wavelet Analysis and Transient Signal Processing Applications for Power Systems
by Zhengyou HeAn original reference applying wavelet analysis to power systems engineering• Introduces a modern signal processing method called wavelet analysis, and more importantly, its applications to power system fault detection and protection• Concentrates on its application to the power system, offering great potential for fault detection and protection• Presents applications, examples, and case studies, together with the latest research findings• Provides a combination of the author’s tutorial notes from electrical engineering courses together with his own original research work, of interest to both industry and academia
Wavelet Based Approximation Schemes for Singular Integral Equations
by Madan Mohan Panja Birendra Nath MandalMany mathematical problems in science and engineering are defined by ordinary or partial differential equations with appropriate initial-boundary conditions. Among the various methods, boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is probably the most effective. It’s main advantage is that it changes a problem from its formulation in terms of unbounded differential operator to one for an integral/integro-differential operator, which makes the problem tractable from the analytical or numerical point of view. Basically, the review/study of the problem is shifted to a boundary (a relatively smaller domain), where it gives rise to integral equations defined over a suitable function space. Integral equations with singular kernels areamong the most important classes in the fields of elasticity, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics and other domains in applied science and engineering. With the advancesin computer technology, numerical simulations have become important tools in science and engineering. Several methods have been developed in numerical analysis for equations in mathematical models of applied sciences. Widely used methods include: Finite Difference Method (FDM), Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Volume Method (FVM) and Galerkin Method (GM). Unfortunately, none of these are versatile. Each has merits and limitations. For example, the widely used FDM and FEM suffers from difficulties in problem solving when rapid changes appear in singularities. Even with the modern computing machines, analysis of shock-wave or crack propagations in three dimensional solids by the existing classical numerical schemes is challenging (computational time/memory requirements). Therefore, with the availability of faster computing machines, research into the development of new efficient schemes for approximate solutions/numerical simulations is an ongoing parallel activity. Numerical methods based on wavelet basis (multiresolution analysis) may be regarded as a confluence of widely used numerical schemes based on Finite Difference Method, Finite Element Method, Galerkin Method, etc. The objective of this monograph is to deal with numerical techniques to obtain (multiscale) approximate solutions in wavelet basis of different types of integral equations with kernels involving varieties of singularities appearing in the field of elasticity, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics and many other domains in applied science and engineering.
Wavelet Numerical Method and Its Applications in Nonlinear Problems (Engineering Applications of Computational Methods #6)
by You-He ZhouThis book summarizes the basic theory of wavelets and some related algorithms in an easy-to-understand language from the perspective of an engineer rather than a mathematician. In this book, the wavelet solution schemes are systematically established and introduced for solving general linear and nonlinear initial boundary value problems in engineering, including the technique of boundary extension in approximating interval-bounded functions, the calculation method for various connection coefficients, the single-point Gaussian integration method in calculating the coefficients of wavelet expansions and unique treatments on nonlinear terms in differential equations. At the same time, this book is supplemented by a large number of numerical examples to specifically explain procedures and characteristics of the method, as well as detailed treatments for specific problems. Different from most of the current monographs focusing on the basic theory of wavelets, it focuses on the use of wavelet-based numerical methods developed by the author over the years. Even for the necessary basic theory of wavelet in engineering applications, this book is based on the author’s own understanding in plain language, instead of a relatively difficult professional mathematical description. This book is very suitable for students, researchers and technical personnel who only want to need the minimal knowledge of wavelet method to solve specific problems in engineering.
Wavelets: A Concise Guide
by Amir-Homayoon NajmiIntroduced nearly three decades ago as a variable resolution alternative to the Fourier transform, a wavelet is a short oscillatory waveform for analysis of transients. The discrete wavelet transform has remarkable multi-resolution and energy-compaction properties. Amir-Homayoon Najmi’s introduction to wavelet theory explains this mathematical concept clearly and succinctly. Wavelets are used in processing digital signals and imagery from myriad sources. They form the backbone of the JPEG2000 compression standard, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation uses biorthogonal wavelets to compress and store its vast database of fingerprints. Najmi provides the mathematics that demonstrate how wavelets work, describes how to construct them, and discusses their importance as a tool to investigate and process signals and imagery. He reviews key concepts such as frames, localizing transforms, orthogonal and biorthogonal bases, and multi-resolution. His examples include the Haar, the Shannon, and the Daubechies families of orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets.Our capacity and need for collecting and transmitting digital data is increasing at an astonishing rate. So too is the importance of wavelets to anyone working with and analyzing digital data. Najmi’s primer will be an indispensable resource for those in computer science, the physical sciences, applied mathematics, and engineering who wish to obtain an in-depth understanding and working knowledge of this fascinating and evolving field.