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Terahertz Devices, Circuits and Systems: Materials, Methods and Applications
by Sudipta Das Anveshkumar Nella Shobhit K. PatelThis book is aimed to bring the emerging application aspects of THz technology and various modules used for its successful realization. It gathers scientific technological novelties and advancements already developed or under development in the academic and research communities. This book focuses on recent advances, different research issues in terahertz technology and would also seek out theoretical, methodological, well-established and validated empirical work dealing with these different topics. In particular, this textbook covers design considerations and current trends of THz antennas and antenna arrays to deal with the transmission and reception of THz EM waves. It also presents a discussion on metamaterial structures, meta-surfaces, and absorbers to be used for some kind of sensing and detection applications. Furthermore, it reports on THz wireless communication aspects, 6G network issues and challenges, advantages and disadvantages, generation and detection of THz waves, Signal and Communication Processing for THz communication, reconfigurable low-noise amplifier (LNA) design, III-Nitride HEMTs for THz Applications, photonic crystal fiber for sensing applications, THz Design Variable Estimation by Deep Optimization, and THz Imaging issues. Once the readers finish studying this book then they will learn about the importance of THz technology, advancement in the field, applications, THz modules like antennas, MIMO and DRAs, communication aspects, LNAs, generation of THz waves, etc and future scope. It also leads to enhancement in their knowledge in THz technology, gives a platform to future technology and novel applications realization.
Terahertz Physics
by R. A. LewisTerahertz physics covers one of the least explored but richest regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Designed for independent learning, this is the first book to open up this exciting new field to students of science and engineering. Written in a clear and consistent style, the textbook focuses on an understanding of fundamental physical principles at terahertz frequencies and their applications. Part I outlines the foundations of terahertz science, starting with the mathematical representation of oscillations before exploring terahertz-frequency light, terahertz phenomena in matter and the terahertz interactions between light and matter. Part II covers components of terahertz technology, from sources of terahertz frequency radiation, through the manipulation of the radiation, to its detection. Part III deals with applications, including time-domain spectroscopy. Highlighting modern developments and concepts, the book is ideal for self-study. It features precise definitions, clear explanations, instructive illustrations, fully worked examples, numerous exercises and a comprehensive glossary.
Terahertz Planar Antennas for Next Generation Communication
by Kumud Ranjan Jha Ghanshyam SinghThis book describes various methods to enhance the directivity of planar antennas, enabling the next generation of high frequency, wireless communication. The authors discuss various applications to the terahertz regime of the electromagnetic spectrum, with an emphasis on gain enhancement mechanisms. The numerical models of these antennas are presented and the analytical results are supported, using commercial simulators. The multilayer substrate microstrip transmission line at terahertz frequency is also explored and a method to obtain the various parameters of this interconnect at high frequency is described. This book will be a valuable resource for anyone needing to explore the terahertz band gap for future wireless communication, in an effort to solve the bandwidth (spectrum scarcity) problem.
Terahertz Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications (Optical Science and Engineering)
by Susan L. DexheimerThe development of new sources and methods in the terahertz spectral range has generated intense interest in terahertz spectroscopy and its application in an array of fields. Presenting state-of-the-art terahertz spectroscopic techniques, Terahertz Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications focuses on time-domain methods based on femtosecond laser sources and important recent applications in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine. The first section of the book examines instrumentation and methods for terahertz spectroscopy. It provides a comprehensive treatment of time-domain terahertz spectroscopic measurements, including methods for the generation and detection of terahertz radiation, methods for determining optical constants from time-domain measurements, and the use of femtosecond time-resolved techniques. The last two sections explore a variety of applications of terahertz spectroscopy in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine. With chapters contributed by leading experts in academia, industry, and research, this volume thoroughly discusses methods and applications, setting it apart from other recent books in this emerging terahertz field.
Terahertz Wave Detection and Imaging with a Hot Rydberg Vapour
by Christopher G. WadeThis book details groundbreaking experiments for the sensing and imaging of terahertz-frequency electromagnetic radiation (THz) using Rydberg atoms. The major advances described include the development and implementation of a new technique for THz imaging using atomic fluorescence; the demonstration of a THz-driven phase transition in room-temperature atomic vapour; and a novel method for probing the excited-state dynamics of atoms using quantum beats. The work has formed the basis for several articles published in journals including Nature Photonics and the Physical Review, and has sparked industry interest, becoming the subject of ongoing collaborative research and development. This exceptionally well-written book provides a definitive account of terahertz sensing with Rydberg atoms.
Terahertz Wireless Communication Components and System Technologies
by Mohammed El Ghzaoui Sudipta Das Trupti Ranjan Lenka Arindam BiswasThis book presents scientific and technological innovations and advancements already developed or under development in academia, industry, and research communities. It includes fundamental ideas and advancement in terahertz technology covering high intensity terahertz wave generation, THz detection, different modes of THz wave generation, THz modulation system, and terahertz propagation channel modeling. It highlights methodologies for the design of terahertz components and system technologies including emerging applications. The chapter contents are based on theoretical, methodological, well-established, and validated empirical work dealing with different topics in the terahertz domain. The book covers a very broad audience ranging from basic sciences to experts and learners in engineering and technology. It would be a good reference for advanced ideas and concepts in THz technology which will best suit microwave, biomedical, and electrical and communication engineers working towards next-generation technology.
Teratogenicity Testing: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2753)
by Luís FélixThis fully updated volume collects laboratory techniques and tests to assess the risks to embryo-fetal development from drug exposure during early developmental stages. Beginning with a section detailing basic principles of teratogenicity, the book continues with application of in vitro models for teratogenic screening to predict toxicity in embryonic animals and humans, as well as a variety of well-established in vivo animal model tests, which offer solutions for evaluating the efficacy and the teratogenicity of compounds in preclinical trials before human safety testing. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Teratogenicity Testing: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide to tests that can be performed in cells, organs, tissues, and animal models for evaluating toxicity and/or safety of compounds in early developmental stages with the goal of estimating, preventing, or minimizing the teratogenic potential of drugs.
Teratology in the Twentieth Century Plus Ten
by Harold KalterSerious congenital malformations are a major contributor to the infant death rate worldwide. Their nonhereditary causes are multiple and complex, and include infectious and metabolic dangers, disease medication, nutritional inadequacy, medicinal products, environmental agents and pollutants, among them. The cause of many however is still unknown. The wide range of these causes makes the defects of interest to those of a wide range of medical and investigatory backgrounds, especialy clinicians, fundamental scientists, and environmentalists.
El tercer chimpancé: Origen y futuro del animal humano
by Jared DiamondEn esta obra fascinante, provocadora, apasionada y divertida, Jared Diamond, divulgador y científico de primera línea mundial, investiga cómo el ser humano ha llegado hasta donde lo ha hecho y qué implicaciones tiene para el futuro. El ser humano comparte el 98 por ciento de su código genético con el chimpancé. Sin embargo, los humanos son la especie dominante en el planeta, han fundado civilizaciones y religiones, han desarrollado maneras de comunicarse complejas y diversas, han descubierto la ciencia, han construido ciudades y han creado asombrosas obras de arte; mientras que los chimpancés siguen siendo animales preocupados principalmente por las necesidades básicas de la supervivencia. ¿Qué tiene ese dos por ciento de diferencia genética que ha supuesto semejante divergencia entre especies tan emparentadas evolutivamente? Escrita con su característico estilo multidisciplinar, la obra de Diamond, premio Pulitzer por Armas, gérmenes y acero, reúne conocimientos de biología molecular, genética, paleontología, antropología y etología. Con todo ello construye un maravilloso retrato de lo que nos hace humanos, y del extraordinario significado que eso encierra. Reseña:«Está escrito con gran ingenio y es un placer leerlo.»New York Times Book Review
Terminal Ballistics
by Erez Dekel Zvi RosenbergThis monograph covers all important issues of terminal ballistics in a comprehensive way combining experimental data, numerical simulations and analytical modeling. It uses a unique approach to numerical simulations as sensitivity measure for the major physical parameters. In the first chapter, the book includes necessary details about the experimental equipment which are used for ballistic tests. The second chapter covers essential features of the codes which are used in recent years all over the world, the Euler vs. Lagrange schemes, meshing techniques etc. The third chapter, devoted to the penetration mechanics of rigid rods, brings the update of modeling in this field. The fourth chapter deals with plate perforation and the fifth chapter deals with the penetration of shaped charge jets and eroding long rods. The last chapter includes several techniques for the disruption and defeating of the main threats in armor design. Throughout the book the authors demonstrate the advantages of the simulation approach in understanding the basis physics behind the investigated phenomena.
Terminal Ballistics: A Text and Atlas of Gunshot Wounds
by Malcolm J. DoddTerminal Ballistics: A Text and Atlas of Gunshot Wounds begins with a presentation of basic firearms (rifle, pistol, and shotgun) and examines fundamental components of ammunition rounds. The second part of the book deals with the varied patterns of gunshot injury, beginning with the concept of the pathological range of fire determination. Pattern injuries sustained after discharge from handguns, shotguns, and black powder weapons are presented in depth. Further chapters detail more obscure injuries such as those from homemade weapons. The final section deals with more technical aspects of wound examination, including gunshot injury in war and crimes against humanity.
Terminal Ballistics
by Zvi Rosenberg Erez DekelThis book comprehensively discusses essential aspects of terminal ballistics, combining experimental data, numerical simulations and analytical modeling.This new, 3rd edition reflects a number of recent advances in materials science, such as the use of polyurea layers on metallic plates in order to improve their ballistics. In addition, more data and analyses are now available on dwell and interface defeat in ceramic tiles coated with polymers, and are presented here. Lastly, the new edition includes new results, numerical and empirical, concerning the DIF issue in brittle solids, as well as the “upturn” phenomenon in the stress–strain curves of ductile solids.The author also added a new analysis of concrete penetration experiments which accounts for the scaling issue in this field. This is a new,and important, addition which we are happy to announce. They also added some new insights into the interaction of EEP’s and FSP projectiles with metallic plates.Throughout the book, the authors demonstrate the advantages of the simulation approach in terms of understanding the basic physics behind the phenomena investigated, making it a must-read for all professionals who need to understand terminal ballistics.
Terminological Dictionary of Automatic Control, Systems and Robotics (Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering #104)
by Rihard Karba Juš Kocijan Tadej Bajd Mojca Žagar Karer Gorazd KarerThis dictionary contains terms from the fields of automatic control, which includes mathematical modelling, simulation of dynamic systems, automation technology with its corresponding elements, and robotics. It also includes signal processing, information technologies and production technologies.The terminological dictionary is primarily aimed at experts and students who deal with control technology and dynamic systems in both technical and non-technical domains. To be able to use the dictionary, at least basic knowledge in this field is required. In the dictionary users will find concise terminological definitions. A concept may be designated by different terms; therefore, cross-references are used. The aim of the dictionary is to collect and unify – at least to an achievable extent – the terminology in the field of automatic control, dynamic systems and robotics.
Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations: Teaching Guide and Notes (Health Informatics)
by Peter L. ElkinThis set of teaching notes provides extensive guidance for educators related to its sister title and contains numerous tools and questions to help educators provide didactics and evaluation of students in this essential area of biomedical informatics. This is needed to understand the central topics of ontology, terminology and terminological systems in healthcare. Twenty-five years ago the notion that ontology would be essential to knowledge representation in healthcare was all but unknown. Almost all important terminologies and many ontologies are now in wide use and are growing in importance. With no general model of what a ontology and terminology should be, there are an increasing number of tools to support ontology / terminology development, implementation and maintenance. Steady progress since then has improved both ontology / terminology content and the technology and processes used to sustain that content. Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations: Teaching Guide and Notes provides extensive teaching materials to accompany Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations . It provides further definition of the topic and explains the use of reference terminologies needed to use them safely. It contains questions and explanations from each section of the textbook, making it easier to use the text in teaching Health Informatics students. The authors also provide supplementary information about the questions, their relevance and their relation to other concepts. This book augments Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations by assisting the understanding of terminology services and the architecture for terminological servers, and consequently serves as an essential tool for educators in their efforts to teach students in their study of health informatics.
Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations (Health Informatics)
by Peter L. ElkinThis revised new edition containing numerous new and heavily updated chapters provides readers with the essential information needed to understand the central topics of terminology in healthcare, the understanding of which is an asset to be leveraged in care and research. Twenty-five years ago the notion that terminology should be concept-based was all but unknown in healthcare; now almost all important terminologies are at least partly concept-based. With no general model of what a terminology was or should be, there were no tools to support terminology development and maintenance. Steady progress since then has improved both terminology content and the technology and processes used to sustain that content. This new edition uses real world examples from the health sector to delineate the principal issues and solutions for the field of data representation. It includes a history of terminologies and in particular their use in healthcare, including inter-enterprise clinical and research data aggregation. Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations covers the basis, authoring and use of ontologies and reference terminologies including the formalisms needed to use them safely. The editor and his team of carefully chosen contributors exhaustively reviews the field of concept-based indexing and provides readers with an understanding of natural language processing and its application to health terminologies. The book discusses terminology services and the architecture for terminological servers and consequently serves as the basis for study for all students of health informatics.
Termites (Nature's Children)
by Jen GreenDescribes the physical characteristics, habits, and habitats of termites.
Termofluidodinamica: Problemi insoliti con soluzioni analitiche
by Michele CiofaloQuesto libro raccoglie dieci problemi di termofluidodinamica che richiedono l'uso di soluzioni analitiche. Tutti i problemi discussi sono stati affrontati dall'autore durante la sua attività di ricerca, alcune delle soluzioni sono un suo contributo, mentre altre sono risultati classici della letteratura o possono essere derivate da essi. I fenomeni fisici coinvolti vanno dall'idrodinamica pura al flusso con trasferimento di calore o di massa, al flusso bifase e alla magnetoidrodinamica. I problemi discussi non sono canonici; si trovano raramente nei libri di testo e spesso presentano soluzioni sorprendenti o addirittura paradossali. I lettori potenziali del volume sono studenti, docenti e scienziati in campo scientifico e ingegneristico interessati alla fluidodinamica e al trasferimento di calore/massa: a loro potrà offrire spunti di riflessione, suggerimenti per lezioni o esercitazioni e idee per ulteriori sviluppi originali.
Termofluidodinamica dei deflussi turbolenti: Fondamenti e modellazione
by Michele CiofaloIl testo fornisce i fondamenti teorici della turbolenza e una panoramica completa dei modelli di turbolenza, dai più semplici ai più avanzati, tra cui la simulazione diretta e la simulazione Large Eddy. Si concentra principalmente sui problemi di modellazione e calcolo e fornisce informazioni sulla teoria dei sistemi dinamici e sulle loro biforcazioni. Esamina anche aspetti della turbolenza che non sono trattati nella maggior parte dei libri esistenti su questo argomento, come la turbolenza in convezione libera e mista, la turbolenza transitoria e la transizione alla turbolenza. Il libro adotta la notazione tensoriale, che è la più appropriata per trattare quantità intrinsecamente tensoriali come le sollecitazioni e i tassi di deformazione, e per coloro che non hanno familiarità con essa viene fornita un'appendice sull'algebra tensoriale e sulla notazione tensoriale.
Ternary Alloys Based on II-VI Semiconductor Compounds
by Vasyl Tomashyk Petro Feychuk Larysa ShcherbakDoped by isovalent or heterovalent foreign impurities (F), II-VI semiconductor compounds enable control of optical and electronic properties, making them ideal in detectors, solar cells, and other precise device applications. For the reproducible manufacturing of the doped materials with predicted and desired properties, manufacturing technologists
Ternary Alloys Based on III-V Semiconductors
by Vasyl TomashykIII-V semiconductors have attracted considerable attention due to their applications in the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Because of their wide applications in a variety of devices, the search for new semiconductor materials and the improvement of existing materials is an important field of study. This new book covers all known information about phase relations in ternary systems based on III-V semiconductors. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying materials science, solid state chemistry, and engineering. It will also be relevant for researchers at industrial and national laboratories, in addition to phase diagram researchers, inorganic chemists, and solid state physicists.
Ternary Alloys Based on IV-VI and IV-VI2 Semiconductors
by Vasyl TomashykIV-VI and IV-VI2 semiconductors are among the most interesting materials in semiconductor physics. The electrical properties of these semiconductors can also be tuned by adding impurity atoms. These semiconductors either have already found use or are promising materials for infrared sensors and sources, thermoelectric elements, solar cells, memory elements, etc. The basic characteristics of these compounds, namely, narrow bandgap, high permittivity, relatively high radiation resistance, high mobility of charge carriers, and high bond ionicity, are unique among semiconductor substances. Because of their wide application in various devices, the search for new semiconductor materials and the improvement of existing materials is an important field of study. Doping with impurities is a common method of modifying and diversifying the properties of physical and chemical semiconductors. This book covers all known information about phase relations in ternary systems based on IV-VI and IV-VI2 semiconductors, providing the first systematic account of phase equilibria in ternary systems and making research originally published in Russia accessible to the wider scientific community. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying materials science, solid state chemistry, and engineering. It will also be relevant for researchers at industrial and national laboratories, in addition to phase diagram researchers, inorganic chemists, and solid-state physicists.FEATURES Provides up-to-date experimental and theoretical information Allows readers to synthesize semiconducting materials with predetermined properties Delivers a critical evaluation of many industrially important systems presented in the form of two-dimensional sections for the condensed phases
Ternary and Multinary Compounds: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference, University of Salford, 8-12 September, 1997 (Institute Of Physics Conference Ser. #152)
by R D Tomlinson; A E Hill; R D PilkingtonMultinary compounds are now used in a wide range of devices, including photovoltaic solar cells, light emitters and detectors, and piezoelectric actuators. Ternary and Multinary Compounds provides an interdisciplinary forum for scientists and engineers working on fundamental and applied aspects of these materials. The volume focuses on optoelectronic properties, electronic band structure, charge carrier transport, optical and magnetic properties, and superconductivity. It includes chapters on the research and development of new techniques and novel materials, such as laser ablation deposition and ferroelectrics.
Ternary Phase Diagrams in Materials Science
by D. R. WestThis book serves undergraduates, postgraduates, and scientists in materials science who wish to acquire or extend their understanding of ternary phase diagrams. Emphasis is given to the use of phase diagrams as a means of understanding phase changes that occur as a function of temperature.
Terpene: Aromen, Düfte, Pharmaka, Pheromone (Teubner Studienbücher Chemie Ser.)
by Eberhard BreitmaierDieses einfuhrende Lehrbuch bietet Studenten der Chemie, Biochemie, Biologie und Pharmazie eine perfekt strukturierte und kompakte Ubersicht uber die faszinierende Welt der Terpene. Der Leser lernt die Systematik der Terpenstrukturen, Vorkommen, biologische, olfaktorische und pharmakologische Wirkungen kennen, aber auch ausgewahlte Totalsynthesen (z.B. von Insektenpheromonen und Baccatin III als Vorstufe des Antikrebsmittels Taxol) und wichtige industrielle Herstellungsverfahren fur Riechstoffe und Vitamin A werden prasentiert. Die zweite Auflage ist vollstandig uberarbeitet und enthalt einige zusatzliche Abschnitte, u.a. uber Biogenese, polycyclische Monoterpene, Cannabinoide, Ginkgolide und Geo-Hopane. Aus dem Inhalt: * Terpene - Bedeutung, Bauprinzip, Biosynthese * Hemi-, Mono-, Sesqui-, Di-, Sester-, Tri- Tetra- und Polyterpene * biologische, olfaktorische und pharmakologische Eigenschaften * ausgewahlte Terpen-Synthesen * Isolierung und Strukturaufklarung"
Terpenoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Medicinal Effects, Ethno-pharmacology
by Bimal Krishna Banik Biswa Mohan Sahoo Abhishek TiwariThis unique volume covers specific aspects of the biological chemistry of terpenoids. It provides extensive information related to classification, general methods of extraction and isolation of terpenoids, synthesis and pharmacological activities of monoterpenoids, synthesis and medicinal uses of diterpenoids, biogenesis of terpenoids, synthesis and medicinal uses of sesqui terpenoids and sesterpenoids. Some terpenes are also classified as diterpene alkaloids. Most of the terpenoids with diverse molecular structures are biologically active and are used for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, malaria, inflammation, tuberculosis and infection, and this is discussed. Features: Activities and biological relationships of terpenes An accurate assessment of where and what terpenes can lead to Discusses how microbes, in particular the actinomycetales, have well over 400 different gene clusters that produce terpenes Arranged by biological activities and usage Provides information on eukaryotic enzymes that have been shown to be a source of “ethnobotanical” terpenes