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The Research Companion: A practical guide for those in the social sciences, health and development
by Petra M. BoyntonHave you ever wanted to know an effective and ethical way to: Design a study? Recruit participants? Report findings? And improve the quality and output of your research? The Research Companion focuses on the practical skills needed to complete research in the social or health sciences and development. It covers the behind-the-scenes essentials you need to run an effective and ethical piece of research and offers clear, honest advice to help avoid typical problems and improve standards and outcomes. It addresses each stage of the research process from thinking of a research idea, through to managing, monitoring, completing and reporting your project, and working effectively and safely with participants and colleagues. As well as covering theoretical issues in research, the book is full of links to other resources and contains practical tips and stories from researchers at all levels. This new edition is fully updated to reflect shifts in funding structures, open access, and online developments and has a link to a blog and friendly online community for readers to connect with diverse researchers all sharing experiences and offering practical advice. The Research Companion brings hard-earned lessons from the real world to offer invaluable guidance to all students of the social and health sciences, from those just beginning their first research project, to experienced researchers and practitioners. It will be instrumental in raising readers’ competence levels and making their research more accurate, ethical, and productive.
The Researching, Teaching, and Learning Triangle
by Gul Guner Miguel A. CastanhoIt is impossible not to ask ourselves how to cope with the role and impact of scientific research in teaching and learning. The researching, teaching and learning triangle explores a growing trend among top universities across the world to focus attention on the quality of post-graduate education and the success of the educators, using pioneering examples, ranging from classroom-level initiatives to university-wide projects. This book will be of interest to all scientists, from the budding beginner to the seasoned supervisor.
The Resilience of Cultural Landscapes: Perspectives from UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Springer Geography)
by Fabrizio AimarThis book explores the possibility of building the resilience of the UNESCO cultural landscapes, both using theoretical conceptions and practical strategies and actions. Two case studies have been selected, one in Italy and one in China, which have then been explored for the first time in such a comparative way. Different notions of landscape, as well as the driving force of changes affecting these landscapes, are examined and compared. Moreover, the perceptions of the local communities regarding these landscapes are examined, using online questionnaires with over 400 participants. This research highlights the need for an integrated management system, building stronger rural communities able to manage change and continuity. Five pillars to build the resilience of these landscapes have been provided, with schemes and figures, requiring a people-centered approach in their management. This book demonstrates strong connections between identity and landscape resilience, especially in inlandareas where the sense of identity is most prominent. Furthermore, it is structured to make it possible to replicate this investigation in ordinary case studies, i.e. ordinary landscapes. Scholars and professionals interested in cultural landscapes and heritage conservation are target of this book, as well as site managers.
The Resilience of Traditional Knowledge Systems for a Sustainable Future: A Focus on Agriculture and Food Practices in the Himalayas (Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research)
by Pardeep Singh Anwesha BorthakurThis book is an effort to draw attention to the resilience of traditional knowledge systems for a sustainable future in the Himalayas with a particular focus on agriculture and food practices. Through examples from the region, it underscores the importance of these practices in navigating contemporary global environmental challenges. The Himalayan region, known for its socio-cultural diversity and unique agricultural ecology, emerges as a major hotspot of climate change. Therefore, acknowledging and recognizing the lived experiences of the locals along with their traditional knowledge associated with agriculture and food systems becomes imperative for devising adaptation and mitigation strategies amidst the unfolding environmental and climate crisis. Drawing upon insights from local communities and experts deeply rooted in the Himalayan context, this book not only documents traditional agricultural and food systems but also sheds light on the pressing anthropogenic challenges threatening their sustainability. We believe that research and documentation of traditional knowledge practices of the local and indigenous communities are essential for tackling the current and projected global environmental challenges.This book advocates for a holistic approach to addressing both current and future global environmental challenges. It serves as a timely call to action for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike.
The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters
by National Research Council Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences Board on Energy and Environmental Systems Planning Committee for the Workshop on the Resilience of the Electric Power System to Terrorism and Natural Disasters David W. CookeThe Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters is the summary of a workshop convened in February 2013 as a follow-up to the release of the National Research Council report Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. That report had been written in 2007 for the Department of Homeland Security, but publication was delayed because of security concerns. While most of the committee's findings were still relevant, many developments affecting vulnerability had occurred in the interval. The 2013 workshop was a discussion of the committee\'s results, what had changed in recent years, and how lessons learned about the grid's resilience to terrorism could be applied to other threats to the grid resulting from natural disasters. The purpose was not to translate the entire report into the present, but to focus on key issues relevant to making the grid sufficiently robust that it could handle inevitable failures without disastrous impact. The workshop focused on five key areas: physical vulnerabilities of the grid; cybersecurity; mitigation and response to outages; community resilience and the provision of critical services; and future technologies and policies that could enhance the resilience of the electric power delivery system. The electric power transmission and distribution system (the grid) is an extraordinarily complex network of wires, transformers, and associated equipment and control software designed to transmit electricity from where it is generated, usually in centralized power plants, to commercial, residential, and industrial users. Because the U.S. infrastructure has become increasingly dependent on electricity, vulnerabilities in the grid have the potential to cascade well beyond whether the lights turn on, impacting among other basic services such as the fueling infrastructure, the economic system, and emergency services. The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters discusses physical vulnerabilities and the cybersecurity of the grid, ways in which communities respond to widespread outages and how to minimize these impacts, the grid of tomorrow, and how resilience can be encouraged and built into the grid in the future.
The Resistance: Digital dissent in the age of machines
by Joel Achenbach The Washington PostWashington Post reporter Joel Achenbach explores our relationship with technology—frequently beneficial, occasionally adversarial, and rapidly changing in a world growing more connected by the minute. In the second decade of this new millennium, we are more connected than we have ever been, and digital utopians speak of the new wonders ahead—artificial intelligence and augmented intelligence, a merger of humans and machines, and a coming era of transhumanism that we cannot possibly imagine. But there are dissenters. They see the rise of a surveillance state. They see personal data turned into a commodity. They see profits swirling to a few huge corporations. They see basic human interactions impaired by gadgetry. The most apocalyptic thinkers fear that machines will soon escape our control. They believe artificial intelligence will be our most catastrophic invention. These people do not form a coherent movement. But if they share a common message, it's that technology should serve humans and not the other way around. Joel Achenbach explores his own relationship with the digital revolution, as well as its future, in this eye-opening, intelligent, and entertaining look at how we connect today.
The Respiratory System (A True Book)
by Christine Taylor-ButlerThis book introduces readers (Grades 3-5) to the respiratory system, explaining why and how people breathe, how each organ works, and how certain diseases can influence respiration.
The Respiratory System in Equations
by Bertrand MauryThis book proposes an introduction to the mathematical modeling of the respiratory system. A detailed introduction on the physiological aspects makes it accessible to a large audience without any prior knowledge on the lung. Different levels of description are proposed, from the lumped models with a small number of parameters (Ordinary Differential Equations), up to infinite dimensional models based on Partial Differential Equations. Besides these two types of differential equations, two chapters are dedicated to resistive networks, and to the way they can be used to investigate the dependence of the resistance of the lung upon geometrical characteristics. The theoretical analysis of the various models is provided, together with state-of-the-art techniques to compute approximate solutions, allowing comparisons with experimental measurements. The book contains several exercises, most of which are accessible to advanced undergraduate students.
The Responsibility of Science (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science #57)
by Harald A. MiegThis open access book provides an overview of issues of scientific responsibility. The volume comprises three types of contributions: first, analyses of the responsibility of science; second, analyses of the structural conditions for science and its responsibility; and third, normative versions of scientific responsibility. The questions and problems dealt with include science as a profession, ambivalence of research and dual-use, innovation vs. precaution, notions of responsibility, the role of science within society and its relation to human rights, as well as scientific and public discourses. The book addresses scholars in the fields of Science Studies and Research Policy.This is an open access book.
The Restless Anthropologist: New Fieldsites, New Visions
by Alma GottliebWhat does a move from a village in the West African rain forest to a West African community in a European city entail?a What about a shift from a Greek sheep-herding community to working with evictees and housing activists in Rome and Bangkok? aIna"The Restless Anthropologist," Alma Gottlieb brings together eight eminent scholars to recount the riveting personal and intellectual dynamics of uprooting oneOCOs lifeOCoand decades of workOCoto embrace a new fieldsite. Addressing questions of life-course, research methods, institutional support, professional networks, ethnographic models, and disciplinary paradigm shifts, the contributing writers ofa"The Restless Anthropologist"adiscuss the ways their earlier and later projects compare on both scholarly and personal levels, describing the circumstances of their choices and the motivations that have emboldened them to proceed, to become novices all over again. In doing so, they question some of the central expectations of their discipline, reimagining the space of the anthropological fieldsite at the heart of their scholarly lives. aa
The Restless Clock: A History of the Centuries-Long Argument over What Makes Living Things Tick
by Jessica RiskinToday, a scientific explanation is not meant to ascribe agency to natural phenomena: we would not say a rock falls because it seeks the center of the earth. Even for living things, in the natural sciences and often in the social sciences, the same is true. A modern botanist would not say that plants pursue sunlight. This has not always been the case, nor, perhaps, was it inevitable. Since the seventeenth century, many thinkers have made agency, in various forms, central to science. The Restless Clock examines the history of this principle, banning agency, in the life sciences. It also tells the story of dissenters embracing the opposite idea: that agency is essential to nature. The story begins with the automata of early modern Europe, as models for the new science of living things, and traces questions of science and agency through Descartes, Leibniz, Lamarck, and Darwin, among many others. Mechanist science, Jessica Riskin shows, had an associated theology: the argument from design, which found evidence for a designer in the mechanisms of nature. Rejecting such appeals to a supernatural God, the dissenters sought to naturalize agency rather than outsourcing it to a "divine engineer." Their model cast living things not as passive but as active, self-making machines. The conflict between passive- and active-mechanist approaches maintains a subterranean life in current science, shaping debates in fields such as evolutionary biology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. This history promises not only to inform such debates, but also our sense of the possibilities for what it means to engage in science--and even what it means to be alive.
The Restless Universe
by Max BornThis highly readable introduction to modern physics was written by a giant of quantum mechanics. Gifted with a rare ability to explain complicated scientific concepts to lay readers, Nobel laureate Max Born presents a step-by-step guide to the understanding of molecules, atoms, subatomic particles, and nuclear physics. Chemical and Engineering News praised Born's narrative as "masterfully discussed . . . easy and delightful," and Philosophy of Science declared that it "should be welcomed by all." Starting with explanations of molecular motion and the kinetic theory of gases, Born advances to the laws of chance, conduction of heat, molecular weight, relativity, mass and energy, electronic charges, gaseous ions, light waves, light quanta, and spectral lines of gases. Subsequent topics include electron waves, Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom, wave mechanics, Pauli's exclusion principle, cosmic rays, nuclear structure, and dozens of related subjects. Profusely illustrated with helpful figures and drawings, the text includes an extensive appendix that explains the historical and social significance of developments in modern physics.
The Restless Universe Applications of Gravitational N-Body Dynamics to Planetary Stellar and Galactic Systems (Scottish Graduate Series)
by Bonnie StevesThe Restless Universe: Applications of Gravitational N-Body Dynamics to Planetary Stellar and Galactic Systems stimulates the cross-fertilization of ideas, methods, and applications among the different communities who work in the gravitational N-body problem arena, across diverse fields of astrophysics. The chapters and topics cover three broad the
The Restoring Ecological Health to Your Land Workbook (Science Practice Ecological Restoration)
by Steven I. Apfelbaum Alan HaneyThis is the first practical guidebook to give restorationists and would-be restorationists with little or no scientific training or background the "how to" information and knowledge they need to plan and implement ecological restoration activities. The first part of the book introduces the process of ecological restoration in simple, easily understood language through specific examples drawn from the authors' experience in restoring their own lands. The second half shows how that same "thinking" and "doing" can be applied to North America's major ecosystems and landscapes in any condition or scale. No other ecological restoration book leads by example and first-hand experience like this one. It represents a unique and important contribution to the literature on restoration.
The Retailer's Guide to Loss Prevention and Security
by Donald J. HoranThe Retailer's Guide to Loss Prevention and Security is an introduction to retail security. It covers the basic principles, the various techniques and technologies available, and the retailer's interaction with the police, courts, and the law.Donald J. Horan, President of Loss Control Concepts, Ltd., lends to this book his vast experience in the retail business and as a loss control consultant. Designated a Certified Protection Professional by the American Society for Industrial Security, he is also a member of the International Association of Professional Security Consultants (IAPSC). He has directed and managed retail loss prevention programs all over the U.S. for major department stores and specialty chains, and has provided his expertise to a host of client companies during his tenure with the National Loss Prevention Bureau. Donald Horan's practical experience fills this book with all the tips, strategies, and procedures you need to create an effective loss prevention program.Owners, managers, and security managers of small and medium-sized retail operations; security agencies; individuals, institutions, and companies that give seminars on the topic; and personnel in law enforcement and forensics will find this an essential text. It will be extremely helpful to senior corporate executives to whom the loss prevention/security function reports, because it is their responsibility to determine whether loss prevention practices conform to the long-term goals of the company. Growing retail businesses and those contemplating future acquisitions for expansion will find the work invaluable. The same can be said for turn-around ventures or downsized businesses emerging from reorganization. The book would also be easily adaptable for use in undergraduate courses in an accredited criminal justice or retail management program.
The Reticulocyte (Routledge Revivals)
by Samuel M. RapoportFirst Published in 1986, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide to immature red blood cells. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
The Retina and Circadian Rhythms
by Gianluca Tosini P. Michael Iuvone Douglas G. Mcmahon Shaun P. CollinDaily rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of living systems. Generally, these rhythms are not just passive consequences of cyclic fluctuations in the environment, but instead originate within the organism. In mammals, including humans, the master pacemaker controlling 24-hour rhythms is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN). This circadian clock is responsible for the temporal organization of a wide variety of functions, ranging from sleep and food intake, to physiological measures such as body temperature, heart rate and hormone release. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of the circadian rhythms due to genetic mutations or environmental factors (i. e. , jet-lag or shift work) contribute to the development of many pathologies, including sleep disorders, mood and affective disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, as well as the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
The Retina: An Approachable Part of the Brain, Revised Edition (Belknap Press Ser.)
by John E. DowlingThe Retina (1987) quickly became the most widely recognized introduction to the structure and function of retinal cells. In this easy-to-read Revised Edition, John Dowling draws on twenty-five years of new research to produce an interdisciplinary synthesis focused on how retinal function contributes to our understanding of brain mechanisms.
The Retinoids
by Pascal Dollé Karen NiederreitherThe Retinoids: Biology, Biochemistry, and Disease provides an overview and synthesis of the retinoid molecules, from basic biology to mechanisms of diseases and therapy. Divided into five sections, the book covers retinoic acid signaling from biochemical, genetic, developmental, and clinical perspectives. The text is divided into five sections, the first of which examines vitamin A metabolic and enzymatic pathways. Focus then shifts to the role of retinoic acid signaling in development, and then to retinoids and physiological function. The book concludes with chapters on retinoids, disease and therapy. Comprehensive in scope and written by leading researchers in the field, The Retinoids: Biology, Biochemistry, and Disease will be an essential reference for biologists, biochemists, geneticists and developmental biologists, as well as for clinicians and pharmacists engaged in clinical research involving retinoids.e for biologists, biochemists, geneticists and developmental biologists conducting retinoid research, as well as for clinicians and pharmacists in clinical research involving retinoids.
The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China (New Perspectives On Asian History Ser.)
by Mark ElvinThe eminent China scholar delivers a landmark study of Chinese culture&’s relationship to the natural environment across thousands of years of history. Spanning the three millennia for which there are written records, The Retreat of the Elephants is the first comprehensive environmental history of China. It is also a treasure trove of literary, political, aesthetic, scientific, and religious sources, which allow the reader direct access to the views and feelings of Chinese people toward their environment and their landscape. China scholar and historian Mark Elvin chronicles the spread of the Chinese style of farming that eliminated elephant habitats; the destruction of most of the forests; the impacts of war on the landscape; and the re-engineering of the countryside through gigantic water-control systems. He documents the histories of three contrasting localities within China to show how ecological dynamics defined the lives of the inhabitants. And he shows that China in the eighteenth century was probably more environmentally degraded than northwestern Europe around this time. Indispensable for its new perspective on long-term Chinese history and its explanation of the roots of China&’s present-day environmental crisis, this book opens a door into the Chinese past.
The Return of Wolves: An Iconic Predator's Struggle to Survive in the American West
by Eli FrancovichUncover on-the-ground reporting on the conflict between conservationists, ranchers, and an iconic predator—and discover the solution that might appease them all. The gray wolf has made an astonishing comeback in Washington. Nearly eradicated by the 1990s, conservationists and environmentalists have cheered its robust return to the state over the last two decades. But Washington ranchers are not so joyous. When wolves prey on livestock, ranchers view their livelihood as under attack. In The Return of Wolves, journalist Eli Francovich investigates how we might mend this divide while keeping wolf populations thriving. He finds an answer in the time-honored tradition of range riding and one passionate range rider, Daniel Curry, who has jumped directly into the fray by patrolling the rural Washington landscape on horseback. Curry engages directly with farmers, seeking to protect livestock from wolves while also protecting and proliferating wolf populations. In The Return of Wolves, we meet an eclectic cast of players—local ranchers, politicians, environmentalists, and everyday folks caught in the middle—and find hope for the future of wolves, and perhaps for our divided nation.
The Return of the Horse
by Liz HuyckHorses began 55 million years ago in North America before migrating to Asia. One day, Europeans would bring horses back to the plains of North America.
The Return of the South Pole Sled Dogs: With Amundsen’s and Mawson’s Antarctic Expeditions
by Mary R. TahanThis book documents the return of the surviving sled dogs of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition of 1910–1912 from Antarctica, where they had helped Roald Amundsen become the first human to reach the South Pole. This book is the sequel to the highly acclaimed Roald Amundsen’s Sled Dogs: The Sledge Dogs Who Helped Discover the South Pole. It chronicles how the sled dogs were used internationally to further promote the expedition’s great achievement and follows some of the dogs as they undertake subsequent expeditions – with Douglas Mawson’s Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1914, which made scientific discoveries, and with Arve Staxrud’s Norwegian Arctic Rescue Mission of 1913, which saved members of the Herbert Schröder-Stranz German Arctic Expedition. The book tracks the remaining 39 sled dogs to their next challenging adventures and their final destinations in Argentina, Norway, Antarctica, and Australia.Like its predecessor, the book portrays how Amundsen continued to utilize the Polar dogs – both in their lives and in their deaths – to propel his career and solidify his expedition's image.
The Return of the Unicorns: The Natural History and Conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Biology and Resource Management Series)
by Eric DinersteinBeginning in 1984, Eric Dinerstein led a team directly responsible for the recovery of the greater one-horned rhinoceros in the Royal Chitwan National Park in Nepal, where the population had once declined to as few as 100 rhinos. The Return of the Unicorns is an account of what it takes to save endangered large mammals. In its pages, Dinerstein outlines the multifaceted recovery program—structured around targeted fieldwork and scientific research, effective protective measures, habitat planning and management, public-awareness campaigns, economic incentives to promote local guardianship, and bold, uncompromising leadership—that brought these extraordinary animals back from the brink of extinction. In an age when scientists must also become politicians, educators, fund-raisers, and activists to safeguard the subjects that they study, Dinerstein's inspiring story offers a successful model for large-mammal conservation that can be applied throughout Asia and across the globe.
The Return to Cosmology: Postmodern Science and the Theology of Nature
by Stephen Toulmin"Can we rely on the discoveries that scientists make about one or another part, or aspect, of the world as a basis for drawing conclusions abou the Universe as a Whole?" Thirty years ago, the separateness of different intellectual disciplines was an unquestioned axiom of intellectual procedure. By the mid-nineteen-seventies, however, even within the natural sciences proper, a shift from narrowly disciplinary preoccupations to more interdisciplinary issues had made it possible to reopen questions about he cosmological significance of the scientific world picture and scarcely possible any longer to rule out all religious cosmology and "unscientific." This book, the product of both a professional and personal quest, follow the debate about cosmology--the theory of the universe--as it has changed from 1945 to 1982. The open essay, "Scientific Mythology" reflects the influence of Stephen Toulmin's postwar study with Ludwig Wittgenstein in its skepticism about the naive extrapolation of scientific concepts into nonscientific contexts. Skepticism gradually gives way to qualified optimism that there may be "still a real chance of working outward from the natural sciences into a larger cosmological realm" in a series of essays on the cosmological speculations of individual scientists, including Arthur Koestler, Jacques Monod, Carl Sagan, and others. In the programmatic concluding essays, Toulmin argues that the classic Newtonian distinction between the observer and the observed was inimical not only to the received religious cosmology but also to any attempt to understand humanity and nature as parts of a single cosmos. In the twentieth century, however, what he calls "the death of the spectator" has forced the postmodern scientist--theoretically, in quantum physics, and practically, in the recognized impact of science-derived technologies on the environment--to include himself in his science. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1982.