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Theory and Practice of STEAM Education in Japan (Routledge Research in Education)
by Tetsuo IsozakiWith unique insights into the potential power of Japan’s STEM education, Isozaki and his team of contributors share multiple perspectives on STEM education theory and practices in Japan.Examining how Japan has become an economic superpower based on scientific and technological innovations, this book provides a particular focus on the theoretical and practical analysis of STEM education from historical and comparative perspectives. Additionally, it links the theory and practice of STEM education from primary education to teacher education at universities across Japan and considers both societal and individual needs in advancing STEM literacy. Chapters are written by researchers from a diverse range of fields in education, including science, mathematics, technology, and pedagogy. The book also offers practical teaching tools and materials for teacher education and assessment to promote STEM literacy in students so that they are able to address local and global socio-scientific issues in a real-world context.Covering a wide spectrum of STEM education, this book provides valuable insights and practical suggestions, from a Japanese perspective, for academic researchers, policymakers, and educators who are interested in STEM education.
Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment
by Ronald L. Droste Ronald L. GehrProvides an excellent balance between theory and applications in the ever-evolving field of water and wastewater treatment Completely updated and expanded, this is the most current and comprehensive textbook available for the areas of water and wastewater treatment, covering the broad spectrum of technologies used in practice today—ranging from commonly used standards to the latest state of the art innovations. The book begins with the fundamentals—applied water chemistry and applied microbiology—and then goes on to cover physical, chemical, and biological unit processes. Both theory and design concepts are developed systematically, combined in a unified way, and are fully supported by comprehensive, illustrative examples. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition: Addresses physical/chemical treatment, as well as biological treatment, of water and wastewater Includes a discussion of new technologies, such as membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment, fixed-film biotreatment, and advanced oxidation Provides detailed coverage of the fundamentals: basic applied water chemistry and applied microbiology Fully updates chapters on analysis and constituents in water; microbiology; and disinfection Develops theory and design concepts methodically and combines them in a cohesive manner Includes a new chapter on life cycle analysis (LCA) Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition is an important text for undergraduate and graduate level courses in water and/or wastewater treatment in Civil, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering.
Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science
by Peter Godfrey-SmithHow does science work? Does it tell us what the world is "really" like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of one hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Intended for undergraduates and general readers with no prior background in philosophy, Theory and Reality covers logical positivism; the problems of induction and confirmation; Karl Popper's theory of science; Thomas Kuhn and "scientific revolutions"; the views of Imre Lakatos, Larry Laudan, and Paul Feyerabend; and challenges to the field from sociology of science, feminism, and science studies. The book then looks in more detail at some specific problems and theories, including scientific realism, the theory-ladeness of observation, scientific explanation, and Bayesianism. Finally, Godfrey-Smith defends a form of philosophical naturalism as the best way to solve the main problems in the field. Throughout the text he points out connections between philosophical debates and wider discussions about science in recent decades, such as the infamous "science wars." Examples and asides engage the beginning student; a glossary of terms explains key concepts; and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. However, this is a textbook that doesn't feel like a textbook because it captures the historical drama of changes in how science has been conceived over the last one hundred years. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates in language that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow.
Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, Second Edition
by Peter Godfrey-SmithHow does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.
Theory and Simulation in Physics for Materials Applications: Cutting-Edge Techniques in Theoretical and Computational Materials Science (Springer Series in Materials Science #296)
by Elena V. Levchenko Yannick J. Dappe Guido OriThis book provides a unique and comprehensive overview of the latest advances, challenges and accomplishments in the rapidly growing field of theoretical and computational materials science. Today, an increasing number of industrial communities rely more and more on advanced atomic-scale methods to obtain reliable predictions of materials properties, complement qualitative experimental analyses and circumvent experimental difficulties. The book examines some of the latest and most advanced simulation techniques currently available, as well as up-to-date theoretical approaches adopted by a selected panel of twelve international research teams. It covers a wide range of novel and advanced materials, exploring their structural, elastic, optical, mass and electronic transport properties. The cutting-edge techniques presented appeal to physicists, applied mathematicians and engineers interested in advanced simulation methods in materials science. The book can also be used as additional literature for undergraduate and postgraduate students with majors in physics, chemistry, applied mathematics and engineering.
Theory and Simulation Methods for Electronic and Phononic Transport in Thermoelectric Materials (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Neophytos NeophytouThis book introduces readers to state-of-the-art theoretical and simulation techniques for determining transport in complex band structure materials and nanostructured-geometry materials, linking the techniques developed by the electronic transport community to the materials science community. Starting from the semi-classical Boltzmann Transport Equation method for complex band structure materials, then moving on to Monte Carlo and fully quantum mechanical models for nanostructured materials, the book addresses the theory and computational complexities of each method, as well as their advantages and capabilities. Presented in language that is accessible to junior computational scientists, while including enough detail and depth with regards to numerical implementation to tackle modern research problems, it offers a valuable resource for computational scientists and postgraduate researchers whose work involves the theory and simulation of electro-thermal transport in advanced materials.
Theory and Technology of Sheet Rolling: Numerical Analysis and Applications
by V.L. Mazur O. V. NogovitsynDespite significant advances in technology and equipment for rolled steel, the computerization of production processes and the steady increase in production of sheet steel, recent scientific and technological achievements have not been compiled in the special literature and revealed to a wide range of specialists. This book details new approaches, computational techniques, and reliable calculation methods of leaf-rolling modes, forecasting and optimization of the technologies, increasing productivity of the mill and a radical improvement in the quality of steel products.
Theory Choice in the History of Chemical Practices
by Emma Tobin Chiara AmbrosioThis collection of essays examines the question of theory from the perspective of the history of chemistry. Through the lens of a number of different periods, the authors provide a historical analysis of the question of theory in the history of chemical practice. The consensus picture that emerges is that the history of science tells us a much more complex story about theory choice. A glimpse at scientific practice at the time shows that different, competing as well as non-competing, theories were used in the context of the scientific practice at the various times and sometimes played a pivotal pedagogical role in training the next generation of chemists. This brief brings together a history of chemical practice, and in so doing reveals that theory choice is conceptually more problematic than was originally conceived. This volume was produced as part of the Ad HOC chemistry research group hosted by University College London and University of Cambridge.
Theory, Evidence, Data: Themes from George E. Smith (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #343)
by Marius Stan Christopher SmeenkThis book builds on the path-breaking work of George E. Smith and further explores the notions of evidence and confirmation in the exact sciences from two perspectives: conceptual and historical. Contributions in this volume investigate the philosophical presuppositions, explanatory scope, and historical precursors of evidence in mathematical physics and related disciplines. The papers are written by and of interest to philosophers and historians of science.
Theory, Formulation and Realization of Artifacts Science: 3M&I-Body System (SpringerBriefs in Business)
by Masayuki MatsuiThis book considers and builds on the main propositions regarding body similarity and the principles of nature versus artifacts in science. It also explores the design (matrix) power of the human, Material/Machine, Money & Information (3M&I) body with respect to productivity/gross domestic product (GDP). The book begins in 2009 with Weiner’s cybernetics and describes Matsui’s theory and dynamism concerning the basic equation of W = ZL and artifact formulation using matrix methods, such as Matsui’s matrix equation (Matsui’s ME). In his book Fundamentals and Principles of Artifacts Science: 3M&I-Body System, published by Springer in 2016, the author championed the white-box approach for 3M&I artifacts in contrast to Simon’s artificial approach from 1969. Two principles, the Sandwich (waist) and Balancing theories, and their fundamental problems, were identified. This book now proposes a third principle: the fractal/harmonic-like structure of the cosmos and life types in space and time. The book further elaborates on the complexity of the 3M&I system and management in terms of enterprises, economics, nature, and other applications. Also, the domain of nature versus artifacts is highlighted, demonstrating the possibility of a white-box cybernetics-type robot. This fosters the realization of humanized and harmonic worlds that combine increased happiness and social productivity in an age increasingly dominated by technology.
Theory of Adiabatic Potential and Atomic Properties of Simple Metals
by V G Baryakhtar E V Zarotchentsev E P TroitskayaThe contemporary ideas about the theory of atomic properties of metals are reviewed in this book. This theory is based upon concepts of pseudopotential and interacting electrons and is used for quantitative description of the whole complex of atomic properties of perfect simple metals. The authors have tried to maintain the consonance of the theoretical description of metal properties with computer experiment. A well-advanced theory with many new developments is presented, as well as simple and well-known theoretical approaches necessary for computer calculation. The background of the theory of atomic properties of crystals is addressed alongside the theory of pseudopotential form-factor in metals and the linear screening theory. This book will be useful for specialists in the theory and computer simulation of properties of solids.
The Theory of Almost Everything
by Robert OerterThere are two scientific theories which, taken together, explain the entire universe. The first, which describes the force of gravity, is widely known: Einstein's Theory of Relativity. But the theory that explains everything else - the Standard Model of Elementary Particles - is virtually unknown among the general public. Here, Oerter shows how what were once thought to be separate forces of nature were combined into a single theory by some of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century. Rich and accessible prose makes this a truly readable book.
Theory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control
by Reza N. JazarTheory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control presents detailed robotics concepts at a theoretical-practical level, concentrating on their practical use. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. This new edition is completely revised, and includes updated and expanded example sets and problems and new materials. This textbook is designed for undergraduate or first-year graduate programs in mechanical, systems, and industrial engineering. Practicing engineers, researchers, and related professionals will appreciate the book’s user-friendly presentation of a wealth of robotics topics, most notably in 3D kinematics and dynamics of manipulator robots.
Theory of Arched Structures
by Igor A KarnovskyTheory of Arched Structures: Strength, Stability, Vibration presents detailed procedures for analytical analysis of the strength, stability, and vibration of arched structures of different types, using exact analytical methods of classical structural analysis. The material discussed is divided into four parts. Part I covers stress and strain with a particular emphasis on analysis; Part II discusses stability and gives an in-depth analysis of elastic stability of arches and the role that matrix methods play in the stability of the arches; Part III presents a comprehensive tutorial on dynamics and free vibration of arches, and forced vibration of arches; and Part IV offers a section on special topics which contains a unique discussion of plastic analysis of arches and the optimal design of arches..
Theory of Atomic Nuclei, Quasi-particle and Phonons
by V.G. SolovievUnique in scope and treatment, Theory of Atomic Nuclei, Quasi-particle and Phonons gives a microscopic description of the structure of complex nuclei at low and intermediate excitation energies in terms of quasi-particle and phonon operators. A substantial quantity of modern experimental data is collected together and incorporated into the book to complement the theoretical treatment. This source book is an extremely useful research reference of the results of experimental work in the area.
Theory of Bilayer Graphene Spectroscopy
by Marcin Mucha-KruczyńskiThis thesis presents the theory of three key elements of optical spectroscopy of the electronic excitations in bilayer graphene: angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), visible range Raman spectroscopy, and far-infrared (FIR) magneto-spectroscopy. Bilayer graphene (BLG) is an atomic two-dimensional crystal consisting of two honeycomb monolayers of carbon, arranged according to Bernal stacking. The unperturbed BLG has a unique band structure, which features chiral states of electrons with a characteristic Berry phase of 2$\pi$, and it has versatile properties which can be controlled by an externally applied transverse electric field and strain. It is shown in this work how ARPES of BLG can be used to obtain direct information about the chirality of electron states in the crystal. The author goes on to describe the influence of the interlayer asymmetry, which opens a gap in BLG, on ARPES and on FIR spectra in a strong magnetic field. Finally, he presents a comprehensive theory of inelastic Raman scattering resulting in the electron-hole excitations in bilayer graphene, at zero and quantizing magnetic fields. This predicts their polarization properties and peculiar selection rules in terms of the inter-Landau-level transitions.
A Theory of Causation in the Social and Biological Sciences
by Alexander ReutlingerThis first full length treatment of interventionist theories of causation in the social sciences, the biological sciences and other higher-level sciences the presents original counter arguments to recent trends in the debate and serves as useful introduction to the subject.
The Theory Of Celestial Influence: Man, The Universe, and Cosmic Mystery
by Rodney CollinOriginally published in 1954, The Theory of Celestial Influence is an exploration of the universe and man's place in it. Drawing extensively on the teachings of Russian mathematician and esotericist P. D. Ouspensky and Greek-Armenian Esoteric doctrine teacher George Gurdjieff, author Rodney Collins examines 20th century scientific discoveries and attempts to unite astronomy, physics, chemistry, human physiology and world history with his own version of planetary influences. He concludes that the driving force behind everything is neither procreation nor survival, but expansion of awareness. Collin sets out to reconcile the considerable contradictions of the rational and imaginative minds and of the ways we see the external world versus our inner selves.
Theory of Charge Transport in Carbon Electronic Materials
by Zhigang Shuai Linjun Wang Chenchen SongMechanism of charge transport in organic solids has been an issue of intensive interests and debates for over 50 years, not only because of the applications in printing electronics, but also because of the great challenges in understanding the electronic processes in complex systems. With the fast developments of both electronic structure theory and the computational technology, the dream of predicting the charge mobility is now gradually becoming a reality. This volume describes recent progresses in Prof. Shuai's group in developing computational tools to assess the intrinsic carrier mobility for organic and carbon materials at the first-principles level. According to the electron-phonon coupling strength, the charge transport mechanism is classified into three different categories, namely, the localized hopping model, the extended band model, and the polaron model. For each of them, a corresponding theoretical approach is developed and implemented into typical examples.
Theory of Computational Complexity
by Ding-Zhu Du Ker-I KoPraise for the First Edition "...complete, up-to-date coverage of computational complexity theory...the book promises to become the standard reference on computational complexity." -Zentralblatt MATH A thorough revision based on advances in the field of computational complexity and readers' feedback, the Second Edition of Theory of Computational Complexity presents updates to the principles and applications essential to understanding modern computational complexity theory. The new edition continues to serve as a comprehensive resource on the use of software and computational approaches for solving algorithmic problems and the related difficulties that can be encountered. Maintaining extensive and detailed coverage, Theory of Computational Complexity, Second Edition, examines the theory and methods behind complexity theory, such as computational models, decision tree complexity, circuit complexity, and probabilistic complexity. The Second Edition also features recent developments on areas such as NP-completeness theory, as well as: A new combinatorial proof of the PCP theorem based on the notion of expander graphs, a research area in the field of computer science Additional exercises at varying levels of difficulty to further test comprehension of the presented material End-of-chapter literature reviews that summarize each topic and offer additional sources for further study Theory of Computational Complexity, Second Edition, is an excellent textbook for courses on computational theory and complexity at the graduate level. The book is also a useful reference for practitioners in the fields of computer science, engineering, and mathematics who utilize state-of-the-art software and computational methods to conduct research. A thorough revision based on advances in the field of computational complexity and readers' feedback, the Second Edition of Theory of Computational Complexity presents updates to the principles and applications essential to understanding modern computational complexity theory. The new edition continues to serve as a comprehensive resource on the use of software and computational approaches for solving algorithmic problems and the related difficulties that can be encountered. Maintaining extensive and detailed coverage, Theory of Computational Complexity, Second Edition, examines the theory and methods behind complexity theory, such as computational models, decision tree complexity, circuit complexity, and probabilistic complexity. The Second Edition also features recent devnd complexity at the graduate level. The book is also a useful reference for practitioners in the fields of computer science, engineering, and mathematics who utilize state-of-the-art software and computational methods to conduct research.
Theory of Cryptography: 16th International Conference, Tcc 2018, Panaji, India, November 11-14, 2018, Proceedings, Part Ii (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11240)
by Amos Beimel Stefan DziembowskiThe two-volume set of LNCS 11239 and LNCS 11240 constitutes the revised proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2018, held in Panaji, India, in November 2018.The total of 50 revised full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 168 submissions. The Theory of Cryptography Conference deals with the paradigms, approaches, and techniques used to conceptualize natural cryptographic problems and provide algorithmic solutions to them and much more.
Theory of Cryptography: 16th International Conference, TCC 2018, Panaji, India, November 11–14, 2018, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11240)
by Amos Beimel Stefan DziembowskiThe two-volume set of LNCS 11239 and LNCS 11240 constitutes the revised proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2018, held in Panaji, India, in November 2018.The total of 50 revised full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 168 submissions. The Theory of Cryptography Conference deals with the paradigms, approaches, and techniques used to conceptualize natural cryptographic problems and provide algorithmic solutions to them and much more.
Theory of Decision under Uncertainty
by Itzhak GilboaThis book describes the classical axiomatic theories of decision under uncertainty, as well as critiques thereof and alternative theories. It focuses on the meaning of probability, discussing some definitions and surveying their scope of applicability. The behavioral definition of subjective probability serves as a way to present the classical theories, culminating in Savage's theorem. The limitations of this result as a definition of probability lead to two directions - first, similar behavioral definitions of more general theories, such as non-additive probabilities and multiple priors, and second, cognitive derivations based on case-based techniques.
Theory of Differential Equations in Engineering and Mechanics
by Kam Tim ChauThis gives comprehensive coverage of the essential differential equations students they are likely to encounter in solving engineering and mechanics problems across the field -- alongside a more advance volume on applications. This first volume covers a very broad range of theories related to solving differential equations, mathematical preliminaries, ODE (n-th order and system of 1st order ODE in matrix form), PDE (1st order, 2nd, and higher order including wave, diffusion, potential, biharmonic equations and more). Plus more advanced topics such as Green’s function method, integral and integro-differential equations, asymptotic expansion and perturbation, calculus of variations, variational and related methods, finite difference and numerical methods. All readers who are concerned with and interested in engineering mechanics problems, climate change, and nanotechnology will find topics covered in these books providing valuable information and mathematics background for their multi-disciplinary research and education.
The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection: A Guide to Computations (Lecture Notes in Physics #996)
by Eugenio Del NobileThis book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.