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The Sage Handbook of Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience: Cognitive Systems, Development and Applications
by Alvaro Pascual-Leone Georg Northoff Barbara J. Sahakian Felipe Fregni Marjan Jahanshahi Aron K. Barbey Gregory J. BoyleCognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of how cognitive and intellectual functions are processed and represented within the brain, which is critical to building understanding of core psychological and behavioural processes such as learning, memory, behaviour, perception, and consciousness. Understanding these processes not only offers relevant fundamental insights into brain-behavioural relations, but may also lead to actionable knowledge that can be applied in the clinical treatment of patients with various brain-related disabilities. This Handbook examines complex cognitive systems through the lens of neuroscience, as well as providing an overview of development and applications within cognitive and systems neuroscience research and beyond. Containing 35 original, state of the art contributions from leading experts in the field, this Handbook is essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, as well as scholars across the fields of neuroscientific, behavioural and health sciences. Part 1: Attention, Learning and Memory Part 2: Language and Communication Part 3: Emotion and Motivation Part 4: Social Cognition Part 5: Cognitive Control and Decision Making Part 6: Intelligence
The Sage Handbook of Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience: Cognitive Systems, Development and Applications
by Alvaro Pascual-Leone Georg Northoff Barbara J. Sahakian Felipe Fregni Marjan Jahanshahi Aron K. Barbey Gregory J. BoyleCognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of how cognitive and intellectual functions are processed and represented within the brain, which is critical to building understanding of core psychological and behavioural processes such as learning, memory, behaviour, perception, and consciousness. Understanding these processes not only offers relevant fundamental insights into brain-behavioural relations, but may also lead to actionable knowledge that can be applied in the clinical treatment of patients with various brain-related disabilities. This Handbook examines complex cognitive systems through the lens of neuroscience, as well as providing an overview of development and applications within cognitive and systems neuroscience research and beyond. Containing 35 original, state of the art contributions from leading experts in the field, this Handbook is essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, as well as scholars across the fields of neuroscientific, behavioural and health sciences. Part 1: Attention, Learning and Memory Part 2: Language and Communication Part 3: Emotion and Motivation Part 4: Social Cognition Part 5: Cognitive Control and Decision Making Part 6: Intelligence
The Sage Handbook of Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience: Neuroscientific Principles, Systems and Methods
by Alvaro Pascual-Leone Georg Northoff Barbara J. Sahakian Felipe Fregni Marjan Jahanshahi Aron K. Barbey Gregory J. BoyleCognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of how cognitive and intellectual functions are processed and represented within the brain, which is critical to building understanding of core psychological and behavioural processes such as learning, memory, behaviour, perception, and consciousness. Understanding these processes not only offers relevant fundamental insights into brain-behavioural relations, but may also lead to actionable knowledge that can be applied in the clinical treatment of patients with various brain-related disabilities. This Handbook focusses on the foundational principles, methods, and underlying systems in cognitive and systems neuroscience, as well as examining cutting-edge methodological advances and innovations. Containing 34 original, state of the art contributions from leading experts in the field, this Handbook is essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, as well as scholars across the fields of neuroscientific, behavioural and health sciences. Part 1: Background Considerations Part 2: Neuroscientific Substrates and Principles Part 3: Neuroanatomical Brain Systems Part 4: Neural Dynamics and Processes Part 5: Sensory-Perceptual Systems and Cognition Part 6: Methodological Advances
The Sage Handbook of Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience: Neuroscientific Principles, Systems and Methods
by Alvaro Pascual-Leone Georg Northoff Barbara J. Sahakian Felipe Fregni Marjan Jahanshahi Aron K. Barbey Gregory J. BoyleCognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of how cognitive and intellectual functions are processed and represented within the brain, which is critical to building understanding of core psychological and behavioural processes such as learning, memory, behaviour, perception, and consciousness. Understanding these processes not only offers relevant fundamental insights into brain-behavioural relations, but may also lead to actionable knowledge that can be applied in the clinical treatment of patients with various brain-related disabilities. This Handbook focusses on the foundational principles, methods, and underlying systems in cognitive and systems neuroscience, as well as examining cutting-edge methodological advances and innovations. Containing 34 original, state of the art contributions from leading experts in the field, this Handbook is essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, as well as scholars across the fields of neuroscientific, behavioural and health sciences. Part 1: Background Considerations Part 2: Neuroscientific Substrates and Principles Part 3: Neuroanatomical Brain Systems Part 4: Neural Dynamics and Processes Part 5: Sensory-Perceptual Systems and Cognition Part 6: Methodological Advances
The Salmon Cannon and the Levitating Frog: And Other Serious Discoveries of Silly Science
by Carly Anne YorkA brilliant new voice in science writing—"witty, whip-smart, truly one of our best" (Mary Roach)—shows why playfulness and curiosity are the key to science Why would anyone research how elephants pee? Or study worms who tie themselves into a communal knot? Or quantify the squishability of a cockroach? It all sounds pointless, silly, or even disgusting. Maybe it is. But in The Salmon Cannon and the Levitating Frog, Carly Anne York shows how unappreciated, overlooked, and simply curiosity-driven science has led to breakthroughs big and small. Got wind power? You might have humpback whales to thank. Know anything about particle physics? Turns out there is a ferret close to the heart of it all. And if you want to keep salmon around, be thankful for that cannon! The research itself can seem bizarre. But it drives our economy. And what&’s more, this stuff is simply cool. York invites readers to appreciate the often unpredictable journey of scientific exploration, highlighting that the heart of science lies in the relentless pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. Emphasizing the hard work of the people behind the discoveries, this is an accessible, story-driven book that shows how important and exciting it is to simply let curiosity run wild.
The Salmon Cannon and the Levitating Frog: And Other Serious Discoveries of Silly Science
by Carly Anne YorkA playful examination of how science's silliest research leads to crucial breakthroughs and enduring insights.Why would anyone research how elephants pee? Or study worms who tie themselves into a communal knot? Or quantify the squishability of a cockroach? It all sounds pointless, silly, or even disgusting.Maybe it is. But in The Salmon Cannon and the Levitating Frog, Carly Anne York shows how unappreciated, overlooked, and simply curiosity-driven science has led to breakthroughs big and small. Got wind power? You might have humpback whales to thank. Know anything about particle physics? Turns out there is a ferret close to the heart of it all. And if you want to keep salmon around, be thankful for that cannon! The research itself can seem bizarre. But it drives our economy. And what's more, this stuff is simply cool.York invites readers to appreciate the often unpredictable journey of scientific exploration, highlighting that the heart of science lies in the relentless pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. Emphasizing the hard work of the people behind the discoveries, this is an accessible, story-driven book that shows how important and exciting it is to simply let curiosity run wild.
The Salmon Cannon and the Levitating Frog: And Other Serious Discoveries of Silly Science
by Carly Anne YorkA playful examination of how science's silliest research leads to crucial breakthroughs and enduring insights.Why would anyone research how elephants pee? Or study worms who tie themselves into a communal knot? Or quantify the squishability of a cockroach? It all sounds pointless, silly, or even disgusting.Maybe it is. But in The Salmon Cannon and the Levitating Frog, Carly Anne York shows how unappreciated, overlooked, and simply curiosity-driven science has led to breakthroughs big and small. Got wind power? You might have humpback whales to thank. Know anything about particle physics? Turns out there is a ferret close to the heart of it all. And if you want to keep salmon around, be thankful for that cannon! The research itself can seem bizarre. But it drives our economy. And what's more, this stuff is simply cool.York invites readers to appreciate the often unpredictable journey of scientific exploration, highlighting that the heart of science lies in the relentless pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. Emphasizing the hard work of the people behind the discoveries, this is an accessible, story-driven book that shows how important and exciting it is to simply let curiosity run wild.
The Saltwater Wilderness
by Glenn S. VanstrumThis book plunges the reader into the heart of the sea. It provides an account of one photojournalist's experience studying marine natural history and ecology. Illustrated with black and white photography, and annotated with references to classic marine literature, this book takes the reader from California to New Guinea, Fiji, Palau, and Tonga, to the Caribbean, to Alaska, and back again. Along the way, a quest to shed light on marine limits, symbiosis, and biogeography ties the adventures together. It will appeal to anyone who snokels, swims, scuba dives, surfs, studies marine biology, or loves the sea.
The Salvia miltiorrhiza Genome (Compendium of Plant Genomes)
by Shanfa LuThis is the first book on the genome of Salvia miltiorrhiza, summarizing the research advances in the molecular mapping, whole genome sequencing, chloroplast and mitochondria genomes, epigenetics, transcriptomics and functional genomics of this emerging model plant with great economic and medicinal value. It also describes its distribution, taxonomy and morphology and provides useful information on its cultivation and breeding. Further, it highlights the biosynthetic pathways of tanshinones and phenolic acids – two main classes of bioactive components produced in this plant species – and reviews and discusses the technology of hairy root induction, tissue culture and genetic transformation of S. miltiorrhiza.The book is a valuable resource for students, teachers and researchers in academia and industry interested in medicinal plants and pharmacy.
The San Joaquin Kit Fox: Biology, Ecology, and Conservation of an Endangered Species
by Brian L. CypherThe San Joaquin Kit Fox introduces readers to a small wild canid that occupies a prominent position in ongoing conservation battles. Native to central California, where land is in high demand for development purposes, the San Joaquin kit fox population has been significantly impacted by profound habitat loss. The species remains on the original US endangered species list issued in 1966, with dim prospects for recovery.To guide the work of researchers and conservationists, Brian L. Cypher synthesizes the biological and ecological data collected to date on this species and documents both historical and contemporary efforts to protect it. He details the species' evolutionary and taxonomic history, distribution and habitat preferences, mortality sources, and more. In doing so, he draws out the ever-changing relationship between San Joaquin kit foxes, people, and land use. Richly illustrated and accessible, The San Joaquin Kit Fox is a necessary reference for students, researchers, and conservationists looking to better understand this charismatic creature and others like it in order to better secure the futures of these species.
The Sandalwood Genome (Compendium of Plant Genomes)
by Chittaranjan Kole Malali Gowda H. B. MaheshThis book is the first comprehensive compilation describing the importance of sandalwood in national and international markets, genetic resources, molecular markers, whole genome sequencing, and pathway genes involved in oil biosynthesis, aroma and fragrance. Application of various “omics” approaches in delineating genome architecture and annotation of genes is highlighted. This book comprises 10 chapters covered over 200 pages authored by the researchers involved in sandalwood genomics. The sandalwood, Santalum album is known for its unique fragrance and finest wood available for carving. Also, sandalwood is intertwined with Indian culture and it is the second most valuable and expensive tree in the world.
The Sandcastle Empire
by Kayla OlsonBefore the war, Eden’s life was easy. Then the revolution happened, and everything changed.Now a powerful group called the Wolfpack controls the earth and its resources. And even though Eden has lost everything to them, she refuses to die by their hands. She knows the coordinates to the only neutral ground left in the world, a place called Sanctuary Island, and she is desperate to escape to its shores.Eden finally reaches the island and meets others resistant to the Wolves. But the solace is short-lived when one of Eden’s new friends goes missing. Braving the jungle in search of their lost ally, they quickly discover Sanctuary is filled with lethal traps and an enemy they never expected.This island might be deadlier than the world Eden left behind, but surviving it is the only thing that stands between her and freedom.
The Sanitation Triangle: Socio-Culture, Health and Materials (Global Environmental Studies)
by Taro Yamauchi Seiji Nakao Hidenori HaradaThis open access book deals with global sanitation, where SDG 6.2 sets a target of enabling access to sanitation services for all, but has not yet been achieved in low- and middle-income countries. The transition from the United Nations MDGs to the SDGs requires more consideration based on the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. In other words, equitable sanitation for those in vulnerable situations could be based on socio-cultural contexts. Sanitation is a system that comprises not only a latrine but also the works for the treatment and disposal of human waste. Sanitation systems do not function by themselves but have significance only through social management. The process of decision-making also largely depends on socio-cultural conditions, and the importance of sanitation needs to be socially acknowledged. The health benefits of sanitation improvement—among the significant contributions of sanitation—also need to be considered in the socio-cultural milieu. Further, the social-culture itself is affected, and potentially even created, by sanitation. In this context, more progress on the improvement of sanitation requires a more holistic approach across disciplines.In this book, we present the concept of the Sanitation Triangle, which considers the interconnections of health, materials, and socio-culture in sanitation, as a holistic approach, and the case studies based on the Sanitation Triangle by diverse disciplines such as Cultural Anthropology, Development Studies, Health Sciences, Engineering, and Science Communication. By the deep theoretical examinations and inter-dialogues between the different disciplines, this book explores the potentialities of inter-disciplinary studies on global sanitation.
The Sassafras Science Adventures: Anatomy
by Johnny Congo Paige HudsonIn this volume, the twins (and you) will learn all about the different systems of the human body as they zip to an ancient tomb in Ethiopia, a garbage landfill in Texas and more. Don’t miss a minute of their summer-long, science-filled zip line journey!
The Sassafras Science Adventures: Volume 3: Botany
by Johnny Congo Paige HudsonInspire kids to love science with the Sassafras living books science curriculum series! Adventure stories integrate facts related to a major science topic into story-lines that children can't put down. <P><P>Each book can be read on its own (as a read-aloud or independently by students in 4th grade & up) or can be used alongside the activity book and logbook (not included and sold-separately) to create a full homeschool science curriculum. Designed for grades K-5.
The Sassafras Science Adventures: Zoology
by Johnny Congo Paige HudsonA guide that provides ideas for experiments, notebooking, vocabulary, memory work, and additional activities to enhance what your students are learning about animals!
The Sauropod Dinosaurs: Life in the Age of Giants
by Mark Hallett Mathew J. WedelThe best illustrated and most comprehensive book ever published on the largest land animals the world has ever known.From The Land Before Time to Jurassic Park, images of fantastically large, long-necked, plant-eating dinosaurs have captured our imaginations. These are the sauropods: centerpieces of museums and gentle giants of the distant past. Imagine what it must have been like to crest a hill and see in the valley below not just one sauropod, but an entire herd, feeding its way across the landscape. The most massive land animals ever to have lived, sauropods roamed widely across the continents through most of the "Age of Dinosaurs" from about 220 to 65 million years ago. They reached incredible sizes, giving rise to the question: Why were they so big? Early guesses suggested that they gained protection from predators by virtue of their size, which also allowed them to reach the tops of trees in order to eat leaves and conifer needles. More recent hypotheses hold that they needed a long and complicated digestive tract due to their consumption of low-nutrient food sources: size was an offshoot of that need. Whatever the explanation, there is little doubt that natural selection produced something extraordinary when the Sauropoda diversified into a wide variety of species. This book combines majestic artwork and the best of paleontological research to resurrect the lives of sauropods. The Sauropod Dinosaurs shows how these amazing creatures raised and defended their young, traveled in groups, and interacted with the rich diversity of Mesozoic plants and animals. Beautiful enough to sit on the coffee table, the book also serves as the best reference available on these bygone giants. Anyone with a passion for dinosaurs or prehistoric life will cherish this once-in-a-generation masterpiece.The book includes the following features: Over 200 full-color illustrations More than 100 color photographs from museums, field sites, and collections around the world Thoughtfully placed drawings and charts Clearly written text reviewed by major sauropod researchers Descriptions of the latest sauropod concepts and discoveries A field guide to major groups of sauropods Detailed skeletal reconstructions and anatomical restorations A comprehensive glossary
The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology
by Kristina A. Curry Rogers Jeffrey A. WilsonThis volume explores sauropod anatomy, details its variations, and questions the myth that life at large size led to evolutionary stagnation and eventual replacement by more "advanced" herbivorous dinosaurs.
The Savant and the State: Science and Cultural Politics in Nineteenth-Century France (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science #130)
by Robert FoxHow scientific discoveries and practice were integrated into nineteenth-century French culture and thought.Winner of the Sarton Medal for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement of the History of Science SocietyThere has been a tendency to view science in nineteenth-century France as the exclusive territory of the nation’s leading academic centers and the powerful Paris-based administrators who controlled them. Ministries and the great savants and institutions of the capital seem to have defined the field, while historians have ignored or glossed over traditions on the periphery of science. In The Savant and the State, Robert Fox charts new historiographical territory by synthesizing the practices and thought of state-sanctioned scientists and those of independent communities of savants and commentators with very different political, religious, and cultural priorities.Fox provides a comprehensive history of the public face of French science from the Bourbon Restoration to the outbreak of the Great War. Following the Enlightenment, many different interests competed to define the role of science and technology in French society. Political and religious conservatives tended to blame the scientific community for upsetting traditional values and, implicitly, delivering France into the hands of revolutionary extremists and Napoleonic bureaucrats. Scientists, for their part, embraced the belief that observation and experimentation offered the surest way to the knowledge and wisdom on which the welfare of society depended. This debate, Fox argues, became a contest for the hearts and minds of the French citizenry.
The Sawbones Book: The Hilarious, Horrifying Road to Modern Medicine
by Justin McElroy Dr. Sydnee McElroyEvery week, Dr. Sydnee McElroy and her husband Justin amaze, amuse, and gross out (depending on the week) hundreds of thousands of avid listeners to their podcast, Sawbones. Consistently rated a top podcast on iTunes, with over 15 million total downloads, this rollicking journey through thousands of years of medical mishaps and miracles is not only hilarious but downright educational. While you may never even consider applying boiled weasel to your forehead (once the height of sophistication when it came to headache cures), you will almost certainly face some questionable medical advice in your everyday life (we&’re looking at you, raw water!) and be better able to figure out if this is a miracle cure (it&’s not) or a scam. Table of Contents: Part 1: The Unnerving The Resurrection Men Opium An Electrifying Experience Weight Loss Charcoal The Black Plague Pliny the Elder Erectile Dysfunction Spontaneous Combustion The Doctor Is In Trepanation Part II: The Gross Mummy Medicine Mercury The Guthole Bromance A Piece of Your Mind The Unkillable Phineas Gage Phrenology The Man Who Drank Poop Robert Liston Urine Luck! Radium Humorism The Doctor Is In The Straight Poop Part III: The Weird The Dancing Plague Curtis Howe Springer Smoke &’Em if You Got ëEm A Titanic Case of Nausea Arsenic Paracelsus Honey Self-Experimentation Homeopathy The Doctor Is In Part IV: The Awesome The Poison Squad Bloodletting Death by Chocolate John Harvey Kellogg Parrot Fever Detox Vinegar Polio Vaccine The Doctor Is In.
The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method: Introduction to Theory and Implementation
by Chongmin SongAn informative look at the theory, computer implementation, and application of the scaled boundary finite element method This reliable resource, complete with MATLAB, is an easy-to-understand introduction to the fundamental principles of the scaled boundary finite element method. It establishes the theory of the scaled boundary finite element method systematically as a general numerical procedure, providing the reader with a sound knowledge to expand the applications of this method to a broader scope. The book also presents the applications of the scaled boundary finite element to illustrate its salient features and potentials. The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method: Introduction to Theory and Implementation covers the static and dynamic stress analysis of solids in two and three dimensions. The relevant concepts, theory and modelling issues of the scaled boundary finite element method are discussed and the unique features of the method are highlighted. The applications in computational fracture mechanics are detailed with numerical examples. A unified mesh generation procedure based on quadtree/octree algorithm is described. It also presents examples of fully automatic stress analysis of geometric models in NURBS, STL and digital images. Written in lucid and easy to understand language by the co-inventor of the scaled boundary element method Provides MATLAB as an integral part of the book with the code cross-referenced in the text and the use of the code illustrated by examples Presents new developments in the scaled boundary finite element method with illustrative examples so that readers can appreciate the significant features and potentials of this novel method—especially in emerging technologies such as 3D printing, virtual reality, and digital image-based analysis The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method: Introduction to Theory and Implementation is an ideal book for researchers, software developers, numerical analysts, and postgraduate students in many fields of engineering and science.
The Scaling of Relaxation Processes (Advances in Dielectrics)
by Friedrich Kremer Alois LoidlThe dielectric properties especially of glassy materials are nowadays explored at widely varying temperatures and pressures without any gap in the spectral range from µHz up to the Infrared, thus covering typically 20 decades or more. This extraordinary span enables to trace the scaling and the mutual interactions of relaxation processes in detail, e.g. the dynamic glass transition and secondary relaxations, but as well far infrared vibrations, like the Boson peak. Additionally the evolution of intra-molecular interactions in the course of the dynamic glass transition is also well explored by (Fourier Transform) Infrared Spectroscopy. This volume within 'Advances in Dielectrics' summarizes this knowledge and discusses it with respect to the existing and often competing theoretical concepts.
The Scalpel and the Butterfly - The Conflict Between Animal Research and Animal Protection
by Deborah RudacilleIn this sweeping history of animal research and the animal protection movement, Deborah Rudacille examines the ethical question of whether enhancement of human life justifies the use of animals for research. She shows how the question and the answers provided by both scientists and anti-vivisectionists over the past 150 years have shaped contemporary society. Rudacille anchors her narrative in events from the lives of key players in the history of the war between science and animal protection, describing the work of activists who work outside the law as well as those working to change the system from within.
The Scalpel and the Butterfly: The War Between Animal Research and Animal Protection
by Deborah RudacilleAn engrossing and eloquent study of the history and ethics of animal experimentationThe heart of a pig may soon beat in a human chest. Sheep, cattle, and mice have been cloned. Slowly but inexorably scientists are learning how to transfer tissues, organs, and DNA between species. Some think this research is moving too far, too fast, without adequate discussion of possible consequences: Is it ethical to breed animals for spare parts? When does the cost in animal life and suffering outweigh the potential benefit to humans?In precise and elegant prose, The Scalpel and the Butterfly explores the ongoing struggle between the promise offered by new research and the anxiety about safety and ethical implications in the context of the conflict between experimental medicine and animal protection that dates back to the mid-nineteenth century. Deborah Rudacille offers a compelling and cogent look at the history of this divisive topic, from the days of Louis Pasteur and the founding of organized anti-vivisection in England to the Nazi embrace of eugenics, from animal rights to the continuing war between PETA and biomedical researchers, and the latest developments in replacing, reducing, and refining animal use for research and testing.
The Scarcity Slot: Excavating Histories of Food Security in Ghana (California Studies in Food and Culture #75)
by Amanda L. LoganA free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org.The Scarcity Slot is the first book to critically examine food security in Africa’s deep past. Amanda L. Logan argues that African foodways have been viewed through the lens of ‘the scarcity slot,’ a kind of Othering based on presumed differences in resources. Weaving together archaeological, historical, and environmental data with food ethnography, she advances a new approach to building long-term histories of food security on the continent in order to combat these stereotypes. Focusing on a case study in Banda, Ghana that spans the past six centuries, The Scarcity Slot reveals that people thrived during a severe, centuries-long drought just as Europeans arrived on the coast, with a major decline in food security emerging only recently. This narrative radically challenges how we think about African foodways in the past with major implications for the future.