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A Time-Release History of the Opioid Epidemic (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by J. N. Campbell Steven M. RooneyThis Brief takes the reader on a chemical journey by following the history for over two centuries of how an opiate became an opioid, thus spawning an empire and a series of crises. These imperfect resemblances of alkaloids are both natural and synthetic substances that, particularly in America, are continually part of a growing concern about overuse. This seemed an inviting prospect for those in pain, but as the ubiquitous media coverage continues to lay bare, the levels of abuse point to the fact that perhaps an epidemic is upon us, if not a culture war. Seeking answers to how and why this addiction crisis transpired over two hundred years of long development, this Brief examines the role that the chemistry laboratory played in turning patients into consumers. By utilizing a host of diverse sources, this Brief seeks to trace the design and the production of opioids and their antecedents over the past two centuries. From the isolation and development of the first alkaloids with morphine that relieved pain within the home and on the battlefield, to the widespread use of nostrums and the addiction crisis that ensued, to the dissemination of drugs by what became known as Big Pharma after the World Wars; and finally, to competition from home-made pharmaceuticals, the progenitor was always, in some form, a type of chemistry lab. At times, the laboratory pressed science to think deeply about society's maladies, such as curing disease and alleviating pain, in order to look for new opportunities in the name of progress. Despite the best intentions opioids have created a paradox of pain as they were manipulated by creating relief with synthetic precision and influencing a dystopian vision. Thus, influence came in many forms, from governments, from the medical community, and from the entrepreneurial aspirations of the general populace. For better, but mostly for worse, all played a role in changing forever the trajectory of what started with the isolation of a compound in Germany. Combining chemistry and history in a rousing new long-form narrative that even broadens the definition of a laboratory, the origins and future of this complicated topic are carefully examined.
Time-Resolved Mass Spectrometry
by Yi-Sheng Wang Yu-Chie Chen Pawel L. UrbanTime is an important factor in physical and natural sciences. It characterizes the progress of chemical and biochemical processes. Mass spectrometry provides the means to study molecular structures by detecting gas-phase ions with the unique mass-to-charge ratios. Time-resolved mass spectrometry (TRMS) allows one to differentiate between chemical states that can be observed sequentially at different time points. Real-time mass spectrometric monitoring enables recording data continuously with a specified temporal resolution. The TRMS approaches - introduced during the past few decades - have shown temporal resolutions ranging from hours down to microseconds and beyond.This text covers the key aspects of TRMS. It introduces ion sources, mass analyzers, and interfaces utilized in time-resolved measurements; discusses the influence of data acquisition and treatment; finally, it reviews most prominent applications of TRMS - in the studies of reaction kinetics and mechanism, physicochemical phenomena, protein structure dynamics, biocatalysis, and metabolic profiling.It will assist science and engineering students to gain a basic understanding of the TRMS concept, and to recognize its usefulness. In addition, it may benefit scientists who conduct molecular studies in the areas of chemistry, physics and biology.
Time-Resolved Photoionisation Studies of Polyatomic Molecules: Exploring the Concept of Dynamophores (Springer Theses)
by Martin Alex BjørnholstThis book explores how structure impacts the dynamics of organic molecules in an extensive and impressive range of femtosecond time-resolved experiments that are combined with state-of-the-art theoretical approaches. It explores an area of molecular dynamics that remains largely uncharted and provides an extraordinary overview, along with novel insights into the concept of the dynamophore – the functional group of ultrafast science. Divided into four parts, this book outlines both experimental and computational studies on the VUV photoinduced dynamics of four cyclic ketones and one linear ketone, the ring-opening and dissociative dynamics of cyclopropane, and the potential ultrafast intersystem crossing in three methylated benzene derivatives. Model systems for the disulfide bond and the peptide bond, both of which are related to the structure of proteins, are also investigated. This highly informative and carefully presented book offers a wealth of scientific insights for all scholars with an interest in molecular dynamics.
Time-Resolved Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Molecules in the Gas and Liquid Phases (Springer Theses)
by Cédric SchmidtThis work studies the relaxation dynamics of molecules in both the gas and liquid phases after strong field ionization, using transient absorption in the soft X-rays. In particular, the thesis presents the first realization of time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the spectral water window with a laser-based HHG source. These remarkable experiments were not only performed for isolated molecules, but also in liquids, for which the spectral coverage of the K-edges of C, N, and O are of primary importance for investigating biological molecules. The technique relies on the generation of high-order harmonics to further probe the electronic structure of molecules. Using the atomic selectivity of high energies and the temporal coherence of laser technology, we demonstrate the observation of the first stages of chemical transformation of matter in the gas and liquid phases.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy: An Experimental Perspective (Textbook Series in Physical Sciences)
by Thomas Weinacht Brett J. PearsonThis concise and carefully developed text offers a reader friendly guide to the basics of time-resolved spectroscopy with an emphasis on experimental implementation. The authors carefully explain and relate for the reader how measurements are connected to the core physical principles. They use the time-dependent wave packet as a building block for understanding quantum dynamics, progressively advancing to more complex topics. The topics are discussed in paired sections, one discussing the theory and the next presenting the related experimental methods. A wide range of readers including students and newcomers to the field will gain a clear and practical understanding of how to measure aspects of molecular dynamics such as wave packet motion, intramolecular vibrational relaxation, and electron-electron coupling, and how to describe such measurements mathematically.
Time Reversal Acoustics
by Woon Siong GanThis book highlights time reversal acoustics, techniques based on the symmetry properties of acoustic fields. It has the unique feature that the first eleven chapters of the book are on the indepth studies of the theories of time reversal acoustics. The remaining chapters are on the four major applications of time reversal acoustics, together with their experimental setups and case studies: underwater communication, seismic exploration,nondestructive evaluation, and medical ultrasound imaging.. The gauge invariance approach to acoustic fields, proposed by the author in 2007, is confirmed by the successful fabrication of acoustical metamaterials and the applications of time reversal acoustics to superresolution. The book also presents groundbreaking applications of time reversal acoustics to underwater communication technology and the application of metamaterials to time reversal acoustics.
TIME The Science of Alzheimer's
by Editors of TIMEConfusing, mysterious and unknown, Alzheimer's is among the most-feared diseases because it strikes indiscriminately and there is no known cure. Now, in The Science of Alzheimer's, a new Special Edition from the editors of TIME, we draw back the curtain to reveal the latest research on what the disease is and what it is not, and how science is working to make Alzheimer's a manageable problem with a hopeful long-term prognosis, akin to diabetes or HIV. Go inside the latest research on different types of dementia, hereditary and environmental causes, new treatments, and more. Helpful lifestyle tips show how to ward off mental decline as we age, and case histories-including the stories of musician Glen Campbell and President Ronald Reagan, who bravely shared their diagnoses with the world-reveal the human face of Alzheimer's. We also look at the latest drugs being used to treat the disease and how there is hope in recent treatments and protocols, as well as alternative treatments that may be making a difference. Packed with authoritative information from the health editors at TIME, this guide helps everyone understand a frightening disease-and recognize the strides that are being made to fight it.
TIME The Science of Alzheimer's
by The Editors of TIMEIn TIME's The Science of Alzheimer's learn more about this disease that steals the self as well as the human ingenuity and dogged persistence that gives us hope for the future in the fight against it.
TIME The Science of Creativity
by The Editors of TIMEFrom ancient drawings to the genius of Leonardo and Einstein to the imagination that colors our everyday life: the drive to create, innovate and make something new is a big part of what makes us human. Explore this and more in this new special edition from TIME, The Science of Creativity.
TIME The Science of Epidemics: Inside the Fight Against Deadly Diseases, from Ebola to Aids
by The Editors of TIMETIME's The Science of Epidemics brings deeper understanding of Ebola and other infectious diseases from plague to polio. TIME takes readers behind the headlines not only to look at what caused Ebola to spread, but how doctors are trying to fight the disease in Africa, what the US and other countries are doing to stop it from spreading and the impact it has on survivors and society. TIME looks into the battle against other diseases as well, including the campaign in Saudi Arabia against MERS-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-and what doctors and scientists are doing to end the AIDS epidemic. TIME explores the work of virus hunters in the field, report on the new Enterovirus D68 and the ever-present and mutating flu virus, explain how science won the fight against polio, and chronicle the deadliest viruses of all time. Filled with the behind-the-scenes reporting people expect from Time, as well as the publication's magnificent photography and informative graphics, The Science of Epidemics is a book illuminates what medical researchers and doctors in the field are doing to save millions of lives from deadly diseases.
TIME The Science of Exercise: Younger. Smarter. Stronger
by The Editors of TIMEFew fields have changed as rapidly as the science of exercise. New research suggests that exercise can increase your life expectancy and stave off cognitive decline more than anything else you do. The best part? You may not need to do as much of it as experts once thought. In this TIME special edition, readers will learn:exactly why exercise is the best anti-ager-and how it changes nearly every part of the bodyeffective ways to squeeze tiny amounts of exercise into your daystrategies for lasting weight loss through exercise in conjunction with the right dietthe best exercises for every goal, whether it's stress reduction, better skin, a stronger stomach or a healthier heart
TIME The Science of Families: Better Romance - Modern Families - True Friends
by The Editors of TIMEIn this special edition from TIME, The Science of Families, explore the evolution of the human family and all the life-events that effect it including adoption, childbearing, death, and more.
TIME The Science of Good and Evil
by The Editors of TIMETIME Magazine presents The Science of Good and Evil.
TIME The Science of Laughter
by The Editors of TIMEHave you ever wondered why we laugh? If giggling is contagious? If laughter really is the best medicine? Discover that and more in this special edition, TIMEThe Science of Laughter.
TIME The Secrets to a Healthy Heart
by Editors of TIMEHeart disease is America's No. 1 killer, causing one in every four deaths. Yet new science and time-tested strategies hold the keys to having a healthy heart. In this special edition, TIME shows the remarkable resiliency of this organ and the best ways to keep it in top shape for a lifetime. Highlights include:Astonishing new advances in treating heart diseaseThe strong connection between our emotions and our cardiovascular healthPromising new drugs and proven heart-healthy diets
Time Series Modeling for Analysis and Control
by Kohei Ohtsu Hui Peng Genshiro KitagawaThis book presents multivariate time series methods for the analysis and optimal control of feedback systems. Although ships' autopilot systems are considered through the entire book, the methods set forth in this book can be applied to many other complicated, large, or noisy feedback control systems for which it is difficult to derive a model of the entire system based on theory in that subject area. The basic models used in this method are the multivariate autoregressive model with exogenous variables (ARX) model and the radial bases function net-type coefficients ARX model. The noise contribution analysis can then be performed through the estimated autoregressive (AR) model and various types of autopilot systems can be designed through the state-space representation of the models. The marine autopilot systems addressed in this book include optimal controllers for course-keeping motion, rolling reduction controllers with rudder motion, engine governor controllers, noise adaptive autopilots, route-tracking controllers by direct steering, and the reference course-setting approach. The methods presented here are exemplified with real data analysis and experiments on real ships. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in designing optimal or adaptive controllers not only of ships but also of any other complicated systems under noisy disturbance conditions.
Time Series Modeling of Neuroscience Data (Chapman & Hall/CRC Interdisciplinary Statistics)
by Tohru OzakiRecent advances in brain science measurement technology have given researchers access to very large-scale time series data such as EEG/MEG data (20 to 100 dimensional) and fMRI (140,000 dimensional) data. To analyze such massive data, efficient computational and statistical methods are required.Time Series Modeling of Neuroscience Data shows how to
Time Snatchers
by Richard UngarA thrilling middle-grade sci-fi Caleb's blinders are off. The small group of orphans who were also "adopted" by Uncle used to feel like family, but the competition to be the top time snatcher and the punishment for failure has gotten fierce. Time traveling to steal valuable objects can be a thrill, but with bully Frank trying to steal his snatches, his partner Abbie falling for Frank's slimy charms, and Uncle's plans to kidnap innocent kids to grow his business, Caleb starts thinking about getting out. But Uncle's reach extends to any country in any time period, and runaways get the harshest punishment of all. Caleb can steal just about anything from the past, but can he steal a family for the future? .
Time-Symmetry Breaking in Turbulent Multi-Particle Dispersion
by Jennifer JuchaThis thesis presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the connection between the time asymmetry in the short-time evolution of particle clusters and the intrinsic irreversibility of turbulent flows due to the energy cascade. The term turbulence describes a special state of a continuous medium in which many interacting degrees of freedom are excited. One of the interesting phenomena observed in turbulent flows is their time irreversibility. When milk is stirred into coffee, for example, highly complex and interwoven structures are produced, making the mixing process irreversible. This behavior can be analyzed in more detail by studying the dispersion of particle clusters. Previous experimental and numerical studies on the time asymmetry in two-particle dispersion indicate that particles separate faster backwards than forwards in time, but no conclusive explanation has yet been provided. In this thesis, an experimental study on the short-time behavior of two- and four-particle dispersion in a turbulent water flow between two counter-rotating propellers is presented. A brief but rigorous theoretical analysis reveals that the observed time irreversibility is closely linked to the turbulence energy cascade. Additionally, it is demonstrated experimentally that the addition of minute amounts of polymers to the flow has a significant impact on multi-particle dispersion due to an alteration of the energy cascade.
Time, Tense, and Reference
by Aleksandar Jokic Quentin SmithAmong the many branches of philosophy, the philosophy of time and the philosophy of language are more intimately interconnected than most, yet their practitioners have long pursued independent paths. This book helps to bridge the gap between the two groups.
Time to Shine: Celebrating the World’s Iridescent Animals
by Karen JamesonLet yourself be dazzled by creatures around the world in this brilliant nonfiction picture book about iridescence. Have you ever noticed the rainbow-like shimmer on certain bird feathers, insect bodies and animal scales? This effect, called iridescence, changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, and animals across the globe use the effect to both blend in and stand out. In playful rhyming couplets, Time to Shine takes a closer look at these creatures and their sparkly “clothes,” from the mallard duck’s shining green flying “cap,” which allows the birds to coordinate flight movements, to the reed frog’s heat reflecting “vest,” to the hummingbird’s sequinned “costume,” which helps to attract a mate. A secondary level of prose text on each spread gives further context for each animal’s particular environment and adaptation. Light seems to dance off of the book's vibrant pages, with illustrations that bring us up close and personal with animals both exotic and familiar to young readers. An author’s note provides additional information about the science of iridescence. Key Text Features author's note bibliography definitions explanation facts further information illustrations Correlates to the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.1.5 Explain major differences between books that tell stories and books that give information, drawing on a wide reading of a range of text types.
Time Trapped
by Richard UngarThe high-octane sequel to Time Snatchers. Caleb thought he'd escaped Uncle's clutches and could have a normal life in 1968, but no such luck. After being forcibly returned to Timeless Treasures and his old job of stealing valuable objects from the past, he learns that things have gotten even more sinister. Training the new kidnapped recruits doesn't seem very important to Frank, Uncle's evil lackey, even though a few of these kids have amazing theiving skills and genius for new technology. But then Caleb figures out it's because Frank doesn't plan on keeping them around very long - or keeping them alive. Stakes are high for all of the time snatchers. If only Caleb can convince the new ones to stop having fun with the technology and use it to save their own lives. .
Time Trapped
by Richard UngarThe high-octane sequel to Time Snatchers. Caleb thought he'd escaped Uncle's clutches and could have a normal life in 1968, but no such luck. After being forcibly returned to Timeless Treasures and his old job of stealing valuable objects from the past, he learns that things have gotten even more sinister. Training the new kidnapped recruits doesn't seem very important to Frank, Uncle's evil lackey, even though a few of these kids have amazing theiving skills and genius for new technology. But then Caleb figures out it's because Frank doesn't plan on keeping them around very long - or keeping them alive. Stakes are high for all of the time snatchers. If only Caleb can convince the new ones to stop having fun with the technology and use it to save their own lives.
Time Travel: Ten Short Lessons (Pocket Einstein Series)
by Brian CleggDuring times like these, who hasn't daydreamed about traveling forward or backward in time?In Time Travel: Ten Short Lessons, popular-science master Brian Clegg gives a grand tour of the essential lessons in this game-changing area of physics, from the imagination of novelists to current research.Einstein's special theory of relativity told us that time travel to the future was possible, and later his general theory of relativity showed us that loops in spacetime could exist, meaning that we might be able to bend time backward, too. But what are the practicalities of making time travel possible? What do we still need to know? How do we deal with paradoxical twists in time—and could quantum physics hold the answer? Packed full of easy-to-understand diagrams and fact boxes, these ten lessons cover all the basics, as well as the latest understanding and developments, to enlighten the nonscientist.About the series: The Pocket Einstein series is a collection of essential pocket-sized guides for anyone looking to understand a little more about some of the most important and fascinating areas of science in the twenty-first century. Broken down into ten simple lessons and written by leading experts in their field, discover the ten most important takeaways from those areas of science you've always wanted to know more about.
Time Travel: A History
by James GleickFrom the acclaimed author of The Information and Chaos, here is a mind-bending exploration of time travel: its subversive origins, its evolution in literature and science, and its influence on our understanding of time itself. The story begins at the turn of the previous century, with the young H. G. Wells writing and rewriting the fantastic tale that became his first book and an international sensation: The Time Machine. It was an era when a host of forces was converging to transmute the human understanding of time, some philosophical and some technological: the electric telegraph, the steam railroad, the discovery of buried civilizations, and the perfection of clocks. James Gleick tracks the evolution of time travel as an idea that becomes part of contemporary culture--from Marcel Proust to Doctor Who, from Jorge Luis Borges to Woody Allen. He investigates the inevitable looping paradoxes and examines the porous boundary between pulp fiction and modern physics. Finally, he delves into a temporal shift that is unsettling our own moment: the instantaneous wired world, with its all-consuming present and vanishing future.(With a color frontispiece and black-and-white illustrations throughout) From the Hardcover edition.