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Torsors, Étale Homotopy and Applications to Rational Points
by Alexei N. SkorobogatovTorsors, also known as principal bundles or principal homogeneous spaces, are ubiquitous in mathematics. The purpose of this book is to present expository lecture notes and cutting-edge research papers on the theory and applications of torsors and étale homotopy, all written from different perspectives by leading experts. Part one of the book contains lecture notes on recent uses of torsors in geometric invariant theory and representation theory, plus an introduction to the étale homotopy theory of Artin and Mazur. Part two of the book features a milestone paper on the étale homotopy approach to the arithmetic of rational points. Furthermore, the reader will find a collection of research articles on algebraic groups and homogeneous spaces, rational and K3 surfaces, geometric invariant theory, rational points, descent and the Brauer–Manin obstruction. Together, these give a state-of-the-art view of a broad area at the crossroads of number theory and algebraic geometry.
Tortuosity and Microstructure Effects in Porous Media: Classical Theories, Empirical Data and Modern Methods (Springer Series in Materials Science #333)
by Lorenz Holzer Philip Marmet Mathias Fingerle Andreas Wiegmann Matthias Neumann Volker SchmidtThis open access book presents a thorough look at tortuosity and microstructure effects in porous materials. The book delivers a comprehensive review of the subject, summarizing all key results in the field with respect to the underlying theories, empirical data available in the literature, modern methodologies and calculation approaches, and quantitative relationships between microscopic and macroscopic properties. It thoroughly discusses up to 20 different types of tortuosity and introduces a new classification scheme and nomenclature based on direct geometric tortuosities, indirect physics-based tortuosities, and mixed tortuosities (geometric and physics-based). The book also covers recent progress in 3D imaging and image modeling for studying novel aspects of tortuosity and associated transport properties in materials, while providing a comprehensive list of available software packages for practitioners in the community.This book is a must-read for researchers and students in materials science and engineering interested in a deeper understanding of microstructure–property relationships in porous materials. For energy materials in particular, such as lithium-ion batteries, tortuosity is a key microstructural parameter that can greatly impact long-term material performance. Thus, the information laid out in this book will also greatly benefit researchers interested in computational modeling and design of next-generation materials, especially those for sustainability and energy applications.
Total Absorption Technique for Nuclear Structure and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Alejandro Algora Berta Rubio Jose Luis Tain William GelletlyThis book is the first monograph dedicated to the use of the total absorption technique in beta decay studies. It provides a detailed introduction to the beta decay process and all necessary know-how for the use of the total absorption technique. Total absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is the one of the very few techniques available that can provide nuclear decay data free from the Pandemonium effect (the systematic error causes the assignment of larger beta-decay probabilities than the real values to the lower lying levels). This book covers all aspects related to the use of this technique, from the preparation of an experiment to the algorithms required in the analysis of the data acquired. It also covers the most relevant applications of the technique, from nuclear structure (comparison with nuclear models, determination of nuclear shapes) to nuclear astrophysics and other more applied purposes such as the prediction of reactor decay heat and the primary antineutrino spectrum from nuclear reactors.
Total Addiction
by Kate RussoSeeing a total solar eclipse is often described as a once-in-a-lifetime experience. However, for many who have experienced totality, once-in-a-lifetime is simply not enough. They want more, and are willing to go to great lengths often at great expense to repeat the experience. What is it like to experience totality? What is it about the experience that motivates these eclipse chasers? Is there an eclipse chaser personality? Can eclipse chasing actually be described as an addiction? This book describes the people who dedicate their lives to chasing their dream.
Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins
by Ashraf BrikHow to synthesize native and modified proteins in the test tube With contributions from a panel of experts representing a range of disciplines, Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins presents a carefully curated collection of synthetic approaches and strategies for the total synthesis of native and modified proteins. Comprehensive in scope, this important reference explores the three main chemoselective ligation methods for assembling unprotected peptide segments, including native chemical ligation (NCL). It includes information on synthetic strategies for the complex polypeptides that constitute glycoproteins, sulfoproteins, and membrane proteins, as well as their characterization. In addition, important areas of application for total protein synthesis are detailed, such as protein crystallography, protein engineering, and biomedical research. The authors also discuss the synthetic challenges that remain to be addressed. This unmatched resource: Contains valuable insights from the pioneers in the field of chemical protein synthesis Presents proven synthetic approaches for a range of protein families Explores key applications of precisely controlled protein synthesis, including novel diagnostics and therapeutics Written for organic chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and molecular biologists, Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins provides key knowledge for everyone venturing into the burgeoning field of protein design and synthetic biology.
Total Environmental Compliance: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals
by Bert P. Krages IITotal Environmental Compliance: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals gives you the background and skills you need to ensure total environmental compliance in your organization. Instead of dryly describing theoretical management systems or reciting regulatory provisions, the author delves into the challenging issues of why organizations
Total Garbage: A Messy Dive into Trash, Waste, and Our World
by Rebecca DonnellyTotal Garbage by Rebecca Donnelly dives into the messy truth about trash, garbage, waste, and our world—it's a fact-filled and fascinating illustrated middle grade environmental read!Trash has been part of human societies since the beginning. It seems like the inevitable end to the process of making and using things—but why? In this fascinating account of the waste we make, we'll wade into the muck of history and explore present-day STEM innovations to answer these important questions: What is garbage?Where does our garbage come from?Why do we make so much garbage?Where does our garbage go?What can we learn from our garbage?How bad is our garbage problem?How can we do better?Rebecca Donnelly tackles the extraordinary, the icky, and the everyday, helping us see how our choices, personal and societal, impact our world and our planet—and encouraging us make a change.Back matter includes a timeline of the history of waste management, selected bibliography, and index."clear, engaging writing. . . [and] whimsical, informative, detailed teal-tone line drawings add to a captivating and important book. . . A fact-filled and fascinating dumpster dive of a book." —Kirkus Reviews, starred review on Total Garbage"this book makes garbage fun to read about and is a great choice for browsable nonfiction shelves and curricular tie-ins" —School Library Journal on Total Garbage"Readers will need strong stomachs for some of the nauseating facts Donnelly dishes in her deep dumpster dive, but they’ll emerge a heartier lot that’s armed with awareness and the tools to clean up their acts, environmentally speaking. " —Booklist on Total Garbage
Total Hip Arthroplasty: Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts
by Emre TokgozTotal Hip Arthroplasty: Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts provides an extensive overview of the most recent advancements in total hip arthroplasty (THA) through a thorough review of the literature in medicine, engineering, mathematics, computing, and related technologies. Coverage includes the most recent engineering and computing techniques such as robotics, biomechanics, artificial intelligence, and optimization, as well as the medical and surgical aspects of pre-existing conditions, surgical procedure types, postoperative complications, and patient care. This book will be a valuable introductory reference for academics, students, and researchers to THA concepts and advances.
Total Hip Replacement: Effect of Inclination and Anteversion Angle on the Performance of Epoxy-UHMWPE Acetabular Cup (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Solehuddin Shuib Ahmad Zafir Romli Muhammad Faris ManapThis book highlights the critical challenges faced in total hip replacement (THR) procedures, particularly concerning the performance and longevity of acetabular components. Despite advancements in implant technology, issues such as improper orientation and material failure continue to result in complications, including dislocation and wear. Recognizing the need for more reliable solutions, this book explores the optimization of safe zone orientation and the development of composite materials, specifically focusing on metal-on-polymer (MoP) implants. By investigating these factors through numerical analysis, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental studies, the book seeks to enhance implant performance, reduce failure rates, and ultimately improve patient outcomes in THR surgeries.
Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts
by Emre Tokgoz Sarah Levitt Diana Sosa Nicholas A. Carola Vishal PatelTotal Knee Arthroplasty: Medical and Biomedical Engineering and Science Concepts provides an extensive overview of the most recent advancements in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) through a thorough review of the literature in medicine, engineering, and technology. Coverage includes the most recent engineering and computing techniques, such as robotics, biomechanics, artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and optimization, as well as the medical and surgical aspects of pre-existing conditions, surgical procedure types, surgical complications, patient care, and psychological factors. This book will be a valuable introduction to TKA concepts and advances for academics, students, and researchers.
Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Hospital and at Home
by Khursheed N. JeejeebhoyIt is therefore obvious that good patient management necessitates the use of an alternative route of nutritional support in patients unable to eat or absorb an oral diet. This alternative is parenteral nutrition, which is the subject of this book. While there are many texts on the subject of parenteral nutrition, very few if any are directed to the practical details of organizing the delivery of parenteral nutrition from a multidisciplinary point of view. In this publication we present the practice of parenteral nutrition as viewed by a team of a physician, nurse, and pharmacist.
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons: Environmental Fate, Toxicity, and Remediation
by Saranya Kuppusamy Naga Raju Maddela Mallavarapu Megharaj Kadiyala VenkateswarluThe term “total petroleum hydrocarbons” (TPHs) is used for any mixture of several hundred hydrocarbons found in crude oil, and they represent the sum of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons. The petrol-range organics include hydrocarbons from C6 to C10, while diesel-range organics are C10-C28 hydrocarbons. Environmental pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the major global concerns, particularly in oil-yielding countries. In fact, there are more than five million potentially contaminated areas worldwide that represent, in general, a lost economic opportunity and a threat to the health and well-being of humans and the environment. Petroleum-contaminated sites constitute almost one-third of the total sites polluted with chemicals around the globe. The land contamination caused by industrialization was recognized as early as the 1960s, but less than a tenth of potentially contaminated lands have been remediated due to the nature of the contamination, cost, technical impracticability, and insufficient land legislation and enforcement. This book is the first single source that provides comprehensive information on the different aspects of TPHs, such as sources and range of products, methods of analysis, fate and bioavailability, ecological implications including impact on human health, potential approaches for bioremediation such as risk-based remediation, and regulatory assessment procedures for TPH-contaminated sites. As such, it is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, technicians in the oil industry and remediation practitioners, as well as policy makers.
Total R & D Management: Strategies and Tactics for 21st Century Healthcare Manufacturers
by Roger DabbahDrawing on a lifetime of experience, Roger Dobbah gives readers an in-depth view of R&D survival strategies and tactics and demonstrates how to apply them to any organization. The author provides insights into the role of R&D, the crucial topic of creativity and innovation, and the differences and similarities between general management and R&D man
Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis and Related Methods
by Alex Von Bohlen Reinhold KlockenkämperProviding an accessible introduction into the use of Total-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Analysis, both from a theoretical point of view and for practical applications, this new edition of Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis is completely updated and enlarged to emphasize new methods and techniques. Written to enable students and scientists to evaluate the suitability of a TXRF method for their specific needs, the text provides an overview to the physical fundamentals and principles of Total-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Analysis, explains instrumentation and setups, and describes applications in a great variety of disciplines.
The Total Skywatcher's Manual: Explore the Sky: 298 Tips, Tricks, & Skills
by Astronomical Society of the PacificStar charts, step-by-step projects, photos, and more: &“The Total Skywatcher&’s Manual is a fun book, but more importantly, it&’s a useful book.&” —Sky & Telescope With fully illustrated star charts, gorgeous astrophotography, and step-by-step project instruction, this is the only guide you need to navigate the night (and day) sky. Learn about the phases of the moon, how to conduct your own deep-sky observations, how the universe is expanding, our search for life on other planets, meteors vs. meteorites, sunspots and solar flares, best eclipse-viewing techniques—everything you need to know to appreciate the wonder of our universe. The Total Skywatcher&’s Manual will help stargazers, comet-spotters, and planet-seekers: Choose the best telescope Identify constellations and objects in the night sky Search for extraterrestrial phenomena Plan star parties Capture beautiful space imagery and much more For well over a century, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific has provided resources, tools, and information to astronomy enthusiasts, including amateur astronomers, families, and science educators. Now they draw on their wide-ranging expertise to guide you through the skies.
Total Socioenvironmental Systems: An Analytical Framework for Human-Natural Interactions and Sustainability
by Yichun XieThis book presents a new analytical framework and several newly developed quantitative methods to investigate the interactions between climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic factors as a total socioenvironmental system (TSES). Facing the increasingly imperiled ecosystems around the world, understanding the complex relationships between humans and environments is of utmost importance. This book offers several solutions to these challenges based on the author's research and illustrates them with case studies and annotated data sets. It develops the conceptual framework of a TSES, emphasizing the identification of causal relationships as a starting point to investigating the interactions between biophysical phenomena and socioeconomic factors. The book experiments with various spatial data assimilation techniques such as GIS for matching diverged areal units over which biophysical and socioeconomic datasets are collected. Trend extraction methods including machine learning for synchronizing distinct temporal rhythms hidden in biophysical and socioeconomic phenomena to augment their causal relationships are explored as well. The book also examines sustainability in urban systems, social systems, and ecosystems. This volume will be useful to readers across many disciplines, including but not limited to geographic information science, ecological informatics, environmental informatics, regional and urban modeling, quantitative social sciences and planning.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Maoecrystal V
by Jianxian GongIn this thesis, the author describes the total synthesis of natural product Maoecrystal V in detail. In the first part of the thesis, the author introduces the research background and reviews the research progress in total synthesis of Maoecrystal V. In the second part, the author develops a novel and concise approach for the stereo selective construction of the tetracyclic model system of Maoecrystal V. The model system is accomplished in 8 steps with 20% yield. In the third part, the author describes the first successful total synthesis of Maoecrystal V and investigates four strategies for constructing the key tetrahydrofuran oxa-bridge skeleton. The total synthesis starts from a known compound and is accomplished in 17 steps with 1. 2% yield. The successful total synthesis of Maoecrystal V will contribute to the development of efficient synthetic strategies for natural products and other compounds with complex structures.
Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds
by Shinsuke InukiThe author has developed novel methodologies for highly efficient construction of functionalized heterocycles by palladium-catalyzed domino/cascade cyclization of allenes and related compounds containing appropriate nucleophilic group(s). Based on these methodologies, enantioselective total syntheses of bioactive natural products, pachastrissamine (26% overall yield in seven steps), lysergic acid (4.0% overall yield in fifteen steps), lysergol (3.6% overall yield in fifteen steps) and isolysergol (8.2% overall yield in eleven steps) have been achieved. These are more facile synthetic route than those previously reported. These findings would contribute to the development of efficient synthetic methods for biologically active compounds containing a complex structure.
Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids: Based on Direct Construction of Pyrrolocarbazole Scaffolds via Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations (Springer Theses)
by Junpei MatsuokaThis book explores efficient syntheses of indole alkaloids based on gold-catalyzed cascade cyclizations, presenting two strategies for total synthesis of these natural products based on gold-catalyzed reactions of conjugated diyne or ynamide. The book first describes the total and formal synthesis of dictyodendrins A–F based on direct construction of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole core using the gold-catalyzed annulation of azido-diynes and protected pyrrole. This synthetic strategy features late-stage functionalization of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole scaffold at several positions and allows diverse access to dictyodendrins and their derivatives. Secondly, the book discusses the formal synthesis of vindorosine based on the pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole construction using the gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of ynamide. Importantly, the reaction using a chiral gold complex provides the optically active pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole. This strategy facilitates the rapid construction of the pyrrolocarbazole core structure of aspidosperma and related alkaloids, including vindorosine. These methodologies can accelerate the medicinal application of pyrrolocarbazole-type alkaloids and related compounds.
Total Synthesis of Natural Products
by Jie Jack Li E. J. Corey'Total Synthesis of Natural Products' is written and edited by some of today's leaders in organic chemistry. Eleven chapters cover a range of natural products, from steroids to alkaloids. Each chapter contains an introduction to the natural product in question, descriptions of its biological and pharmacological properties and outlines of total synthesis procedures already carried out. Particular emphasis is placed on novel methodologies developed by the respective authors and their research groups. This text is ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as organic chemists in academia and industry.
Total Synthesis of Natural Products with Antimicrobial Activity (Springer Theses)
by Andrew GiltrapThis thesis focuses on the development of efficient and scalable total syntheses of natural products that can be used as preferred scaffolds for anti-infective drug discovery. It describes the total synthesis of two classes of antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) – teixobactin and the skyllamycins – with subsequent biological evaluation. The first part describes the first total synthesis of teixobactin by means of a solid-phase peptide synthesis-macrolactamisation approach, yielding a synthetic natural product that can combat a number of clinically relevant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. The second part describes the first total synthesis of skyllamycins A-C, a family of structurally complex cyclic NRPs, which inhibit the growth of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms that are responsible for significant mortality among cystic fibrosis patients.
Total Synthesis of Plakortide E and Biomimetic Synthesis of Plakortone B
by Xiao-Yu SunIn his thesis, Xiaoyu Sun conducts the first total synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of plakortide E and also confirms the absolute configuration of natural plakortide E. Xiaoyu Sun subsequently converts Plakortide E methyl ester to plakortone B in a biomimetic conversion. Construction and functionalization of cyclic peroxides are notoriously difficult due to the very low O-O bond dissociation energy. Plaktoride E is isolated from the Jamaican marine sponge platorits halichondrioides and contains a five-membered peroxide ring, with oxygen atoms linked to tertiary C4 and C6 centers. The methodology used for synthesizing highly substituted cyclic peroxides is novel and useful, and not only extends the field of Pd-catalyzed reactions, but also provides a convenient synthetic approach for the preparation of the 1,2-dioxolanes series. Plakortide E and plakortone B are bioactive, which means that the synthetic studies on them and their analogs are pivotal in drug discovery.
Total Synthesis of Thielocin B1 as a Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor of PAC3 Homodimer
by Kosuke OhsawaThis book focuses on thielocin B1 (TB1), which was found to be an inhibitor of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of proteasome assembling chaperone (PAC) 3 homodimer, and elucidates the mechanism by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Interfaces of PPIs recently have been expected to be novel therapeutic targets, while it is difficult to apply conventional methodology based on lock and key theory. The author achieved the first total synthesis of TB1 and its spin-labeled derivative to carry out NMR experiments because the supply of TB1 from natural sources was limited. Unique 2,2',6,6'-tetrasubstituted diphenyl ether moiety of TB1 was synthesized from a depsidone skeleton by chemoselective reduction of lactone. In the process of elongating side wings, efficient formylation utilizing dichloromethyl methyl ether-silver trifluoromethanesulfonate was developed for the sterically hindered aromatic compound. NMR titration experiments and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement observation of PAC3 homodimer were performed with synthesized TB1 and its molecular probe, respectively. The results of the above NMR studies and additional in silico docking studies suggested that TB1 promotes the dissociation to monomeric PAC3 after interaction with PAC3 homodimer. The rare mechanism shown in this book indicates a potential novel drug target in the interfaces of PPIs with no cavity or groove.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices
by Isidoro Di Carlo Roberto BiffiSince their first application in 1982, Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices (TIVADs) have become increasingly important in the clinical practice, as more intensive chemotherapy and parenteral treatments have come into use. At this time, there is objective evidence that TIVADs are a safe, effective strategy for long-term venous access; they play a significant role throughout the management of the oncology patient, as they are needed in the initial phases for active treatments as well as in the last stages for palliative measures, making possible repeated administration of chemotherapeutic vesicant agents, nutrients, antibiotics, analgesics, and blood products. According to a number of prospective studies, use of TIVADs is associated with a significant complication rate (10% to 25% of all patients). Evidence-based data support that most complications are directly related to inappropriate technique of placement and/or nursing care, sometimes leading to TIVAD loss, significant morbidity, increased duration of hospitalization, and additional medical cost. A group of world-renowned experts - both in the clinical and research fields - contributed to this volume, whose aim is to provide clinicians, nurses and medical students with a multidisciplinary, full update on these devices, as long term central venous access can no be longer considered a routine matter, and serious complications can be maintained at a very low level only if strict adherence to a well-defined protocol of surgical technique and of catheter care is maintained.
Totally Wired: The Rise and Fall of Josh Harris and the Great Dotcom Swindle
by Andrew Smith&“The Social Network meets Hammer of the Gods&” in this story of a 1990s web titan who made a fortune and lost it all—and what happened afterward (The Independent). One day in February 2001, Josh Harris woke to certain knowledge that he was about to lose everything. The man Time magazine called &“The Warhol of the Web&” was reduced to a helpless spectator as his fortune dwindled from 85 million dollars to nothing, all in the space of a week. Harris had been a maverick genius preternaturally adapted to the new online world. He founded New York&’s first dotcom, Pseudo.com, and paved the way for a cadre of twentysomethings to follow, riding a wave of tech euphoria to unimagined wealth and fame for five years—before the great dotcom crash, in which Web 1.0 was wiped from the face of the earth. Long before then, though, Harris&’s view of the web had darkened, and he began a series of lurid social experiments aimed at illustrating his worst fear: that the internet would soon alter the very fabric of society—cognitive, social, political, and otherwise. In Totally Wired, journalist Andrew Smith seeks to unravel the opaque and mysterious episodes of the early dotcom craze, in which the seeds of our current reality were sown. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Harris and those who worked alongside him in downtown Manhattan&’s &“Silicon Alley,&” the tale moves from a compound in Ethiopia through New York, San Francisco, Las Vegas, London, and Salt Lake City, Utah; from the dawn of the web to the present, taking in the rise of alternative facts, troll society, and the unexpected origins of the net itself, as our world has grown uncannily to resemble the one Harris predicted—and urged us to evade. &“Raucous, whimsical, sad and very funny…a fascinating account of what could have been, what briefly was, what almost lasted.&” ―TheWall Street Journal &“Told with verve and style…A valuable history.&” ―Kirkus Reviews &“A brilliant exploration of madness and genius in the early days of the web.&”―The Guardian &“Dark and compelling.&”―Daily Mail &“This is a book whose time has come.&”―Sunday Times