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Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Resource Management in Asia
by Suresh Chand Rai Prabuddh Kumar MishraThis book highlights the different ways of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) practices that conserve natural resources sustainably. Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), along with synonymous or closely related terms like indigenous knowledge and native science, originates in the literature on international development and adaptive management. Against the backdrop of unprecedented global degradation and reduction in ecosystem services with impacts on human well-being over the last 50 years, there is a growing interest in the role of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) practices and systems of local communities in ensuring the sustainable utilization and management of resources. In this context, this book comprehensively analyzes the important aspects of natural resources in Asia. This book covers a detailed study of the different aspects of natural resources. It is divided into three sections, which deal with varying dimensions of indigenous ecological knowledge of resource management in Asia. The first part reflects upon the concept of traditional ecological knowledge, the second part analyzes the systematic documentation of TEK practices, and the third part deals with policy for governance. This book critically describes and explains the indigenous knowledge about resource management. This book is the ideal text for undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholars in India and abroad. This book is designed in such a manner that it covers all the aspects of natural resources. It also helps the administrator and policymakers use indigenous knowledge in resource management.
Traditional European Breads: An Illustrative Compendium of Ancestral Knowledge and Cultural Heritage
by Marco Garcia-Vaquero Kristian Pastor Gul Ebru Orhun Anna McElhatton João Miguel F. RochaThis text comprehensively covers the rituals, traditions and receipts of ancestral processes of bread making from multiple countries, including the scientific and technological character of the science of bread making and sourdough biotechnology. Individual chapters cover the scientific aspects of bread making in different cultures and traditions as well as the technological phenomena occurring during the bread making process, utilizing the full network of SOURDOMICS from the COST initiative.Pictures and illustrations are used to explain the science behind bread making processes and the cultural, historical and traditional elements associated with bread making in multiple countries. Authored by bread making experts from the breadth of Europe, the process of bread fermentation in each country and region is covered in detail. The traditions surrounding bread making are simply the empirical know-how passed between generations, and this book's main purpose is to perpetuate these traditions and know-how.Provides a description of the culture of European peoples with respect to the technology of bread making and sourdough biotechnology;Explains the process of bread fermentation using simple language combined with scientific rigor;High quality pictures and illustrations enrich the scientific and cultural elements mentioned in each chapter.
Traditional Foods: History, Preparation, Processing and Safety (Food Engineering Series)
by Mohammed Al-Khusaibi Nasser Al-Habsi Mohammad Shafiur RahmanThis work provides comprehensive coverage of the preparation, processing, marketing, safety and nutritional aspects of traditional foods across the globe. Individual chapters focus on the traditional foods of different cultures, with further chapters discussing the consumer acceptability of traditional foods as well as the laws and regulations and the sensorial factors driving the success of these foods. In addition, the integration of traditional food into tourism development plans is discussed at length. As the first publication to focus on a wide scale variety of traditional foods, including their histories and unique preparatory aspects, this is an important book for any researcher looking for a single reference work covering all of the important processing information for each major traditional food category. From traditional Arab foods to traditional Indian, European, African, Australian and Native American foods, Traditional Foods: History, Preparation, Processing and Safety covers the full spectrum of cultural foods, dedicating extensive information to each traditional food type. A full overview of current trends in traditional foods is included, as is a comprehensive history of each type of traditional food. Specific regulations are discussed, as are marketing factors and issues with consumer acceptability. With the recent trends in consumer interest for traditional foods which can not only bring great sensory satisfaction but also fulfill dimensions of culture and tradition, this is a well-timed and singular work that fulfills a great current need for researchers and promises to be an important source for years to come.
Traditional Foods: The Reinvented Superfoods
by Swarnendu Roy Prakasan Nisha Rakhi ChakrabortyTraditional foods can be defined as foods that have been consumed for several generations by a specific community in a particular locality, region or country. Many of these plant- and animal-based foods have traditionally been consumed for generations in different corners of the world, without proper understanding or knowledge of their beneficial properties. Apart from the basic nutritional attributes provided by these foods, they contribute to the prevention of several diseases, including hypertension, hyperglycemia and gastrointestinal disorders. The way traditional foods are prepared also plays a key role in naturally preserving the therapeutic potential of the food ingredients. In the present age of globalization, where food habits and food preferences are constantly being challenged, the reinvention of the therapeutic potential of traditional foods can provide a viable alternative. Measures have been initiated to gain an understanding of the beneficial attributes of traditional foods. Traditional Foods: The Reinvented Superfoods focuses on the health benefits of traditional foods in the light of recent evidence. This book also presents a fundamental overview of food-based therapy and the traditional methods that contribute to the preservation of the nutraceutical properties of food ingredients. This text comprehensively presents the background, history and prospects of traditional foods for a broad range of readers, presenting a balanced understanding of the present knowledge and technical advances in the field of traditional foods. Readers will find photographs of all the major traditional foods, along with illustrative schemes and sketches highlighting their preparation and future commercialization strategies.
Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge
by John A. Parrotta Ronald L. TrosperExploring a topic of vital and ongoing importance, Traditional Forest Knowledge examines the history, current status and trends in the development and application of traditional forest knowledge by local and indigenous communities worldwide. It considers the interplay between traditional beliefs and practices and formal forest science and interrogates the often uneasy relationship between these different knowledge systems. The contents also highlight efforts to conserve and promote traditional forest management practices that balance the environmental, economic and social objectives of forest management. It places these efforts in the context of recent trends towards the devolution of forest management authority in many parts of the world. The book includes regional chapters covering North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Australia-Pacific region. As well as relating the general factors mentioned above to these specific areas, these chapters cover issues of special regional significance, such as the importance of traditional knowledge and practices for food security, economic development and cultural identity. Other chapters examine topics ranging from key policy issues to the significant programs of regional and international organisations, and from research ethics and best practices for scientific study of traditional knowledge to the adaptation of traditional forest knowledge to climate change and globalisation.
Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Methods
by Willow J.H. LiuThis book introduces the methodology for collection and identification of herbal materials, extraction and isolation of compounds from herbs, in vitro bioassay, in vivo animal test, toxicology, and clinical trials of herbal research. To fully understand and make the best use of herbal medicines requires the close combination of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmacology, and clinical science. Although there are many books about traditional medicines research, they mostly focus on either chemical or pharmacological study results of certain plants. This book, however, covers the systematic study and analysis of herbal medicines in general - including chemical isolation and identification, bioassay and mechanism study, pharmacological experiment, and quality control of the raw plant material and end products.
Traditional Herbal Remedies of Sri Lanka (Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants)
by Viduranga Y. WaisundaraThe Sri Lankan medicinal system predominantly utilizes herbs and spices for the treatment of various ailments. This is mostly because Sri Lanka is a tropical country, a biodiverse hot-spot blessed with a plethora of flora and fauna. Traditional Herbal Remedies of Sri Lanka looks at the traditional medicinal practices of the country that utilize plant material from a cultural, philosophical and scientific perspective. When it comes to the scientific aspects, several Sri Lankan herbs have been in the spotlight for possessing bioactive constituents with promising therapeutic effects. It is hoped that these will be considered as strong candidates to combat currently prevailing global disease conditions. Key Features: Reveals the science behind the traditional wisdom passed down in Sri Lanka’s long history of using herbal medicines Emphasizes the increasing global interest in botanical drugs Reviews the hot topic of Sri Lankan herbs, which possess bioactive constituents and have promising therapeutic effects Aids the international natural product communities to better understand the herbal resources in Sri Lanka
Traditional Herbal Therapy for the Human Immune System (Exploring Medicinal Plants)
by Azamal HusenDrawing on indigenous and scientific knowledge of medicinal plants, Traditional Herbal Therapy for the Human Immune System presents the protective and therapeutic potential of plant-based drinks, supplements, nutraceuticals, synergy food, superfoods, and other products. Medicinal plants and their products can affect the immune system and act as immunomodulators. Medicinal plants are popularly used in folk medicine to accelerate the human immune defence and improve body reactions against infectious or exogenous injuries, as well as to suppress the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. This book explains how medicinal plants can act as a source of vitamins and improve body functions such as enhanced oxygen circulation, maintained blood pressure and improved mood. It also outlines how specific properties of certain plants can help boost the immune system of humans with cancer, HIV, and COVID-19. Key features: Provides specific information on how to accelerate and or fortify the human immune system by using medicinal plants. Presents scientific understanding of herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees and their potential uses in conventional and herbal medicine systems. Discusses the specific role of herbal plants that act as antiviral and antibacterial agents and offer boosted immunity for cancer, H1N1 virus, relieving swine flu, HIV and COVID-19 patients. Part of the Exploring Medicinal Plants series, this book is useful for researchers and students, as well as policy makers and people working in industry, who have an interest in plant-derived medications.
Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria (Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times #4)
by Merlin Willcox; Gerard Bodeker; Philippe RasoanaivoMalaria is an increasing worldwide threat, with more than three hundred million infections and one million deaths every year. The worlds poorest are the worst affected, and many treat themselves with traditional herbal medicines. These are often more available and affordable, and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional antimala
Traditional Medicines for Modern Times: Antidiabetic Plants (Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times)
by Amala SoumyanathThe increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus world-wide is an issue of major socio-economic concern. Scientific interest in plant-derived medicine is steadily rising, yet there is often a wide disparity in the caliber of information available. A detailed compilation of scientific information from across the globe, Traditional Medicines for Modern
Traditional Mexican Agriculture: A Basis for Sustainable Agroecological Systems (Advances in Agroecology)
by Alba González JácomeThis long-needed book highlights how traditional Mexican agriculture has changed according to environmental, climatic, geographical, social and cultural conditions. Grounded in archaeological-historical data from interrelated research of various scientific disciplines, the book also draws on studies made by anthropologists of varied small-scale agricultural groups. Traditional Mexican Agriculture is the result of a holistic study of Mexican agriculture. It offers the reader a perspective of traditional agriculture in Mexico from social, cultural and ecological Anthropology, Ethnology, regional and environmental History, and Agroecology, to help obtain sustainable agroecology where human societies obtain better ways of life and a healthy and nutritious food system. The book further aims to recover ideas, management, and components of local knowledge of small-scale farmers. Pitched at university students and academics, as well as researchers and developers of agricultural matters, this book will be ideal reading at agrarian universities and related institutions. It provides a basis for future studies in sustainable agricultural systems in this region.
Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use (Routledge Revivals)
by Harriet Kuhnlein Nancy J TurnerFirst published in 1991, Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples details the nutritional properties, botanical characteristics and ethnic uses of a wide variety of traditional plant foods used by the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. Comprehensive and detailed, this volume explores both the technical use of plants and their cultural connections. It will be of interest to scholars from a variety of backgrounds, including Indigenous Peoples with their specific cultural worldviews; nutritionists and other health professionals who work with Indigenous Peoples and other rural people; other biologists, ethnologists, and organizations that address understanding of the resources of the natural world; and academic audiences from a variety of disciplines.
Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Structures (SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology)
by Joji V.S. Reshma Susan JacobThis book contains detailed information about the traditional rainwater structures. Harvesting rainwater is becoming as a practical adaptation strategy for urban areas that are vulnerable to climate alteration. In the past, rainwater harvesting was more significant than it is today. Studies show that a variety of traditional and age-old rainwater gathering techniques were created or put into use in reaction to earlier climate change incidents. According to history, both floods and droughts were frequent occurrences in ancient India. Perhaps this explains why each region of the nation has its own traditional water gathering practices that are representative of the local physical and cultural diversity. All of these methods can be seen as a concept of harvesting rain whenever and wherever it falls. Water makes up 70.9 % of the Earth's surface, mainly in the form of oceans and seas. Water is found in modest proportions as 1.7 % groundwater, 1.7 % glaciers and ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland, vapour, clouds (ice and liquid water suspended in air), and 0.001% precipitation in the air. Evaporation, transpiration, evapo-transpiration, condensation, precipitation, root absorption, percolation, infiltration, base flow and runoff are processes that water goes through on its way to the sea.
Traditional Resources and Tools for Modern Drug Discovery: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacology (Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances)
by Anupam Das Talukdar Jayanta Kumar Patra Gitishree Das Deepa NathThis book provides perspectives on the combinatorial approach of plant-based compounds for drug discovery to achieve better disease-curing outcomes introducing the evolution of ethnobotany and traditional medicine in modern drug development. It covers the biotechnological interventions for the identification and screening of compounds and their optimization to enhance affinity, selectivity, bioavailability, and metabolic stability. While overviewing how essential compounds are successfully identified from herbal/ medicinal plants and utilized in the form of effective drugs which eventually have helped in combating long-term diseases in humans, the book also provides a better understanding of how infection and the diseases caused are regulated at the molecular and physiological stages. The book also highlights the importance of bioactive compounds in modern drug discovery and the perspectives for a potential industrial application. The chapters are developed by eminent subject experts with due care and clarity and cover an up-to-date literature review with relevant illustrations. The book would cater to the needs of undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and scientists, and may attract the attention of pharmaceutical companies/industrialists and health policymakers.
Traditional Urbanism Response to Climate Change: Walled City of Jaipur (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)
by Anjali Krishan SharmaThe book focuses on the key contemporary issue of Climate change, constructing the narrative from traditions’ of Urbanism through its Axiology and Epistemology. The book is a rich collection of seven chapters and attempts to address each of the aspects and building further for traditional Urbanism. The book further explores the synergies of traditional urbanism for Climate change through climate responsive practices with main thrust on Energy use. The said understanding is validated through the case example of walled city of Jaipur: World Heritage Site 2019. The chapters enumerate how the traditional urbanism of Jaipur was designed that evolved as climate responsive typology for the respective geography.
Traditions of Analysis and Synthesis (Archimedes #73)
by William R. Newman Jutta SchickoreThis open access book provides a fresh perspective on analysis and synthesis across several areas of inquiry. The two operations form a primary basis of modern laboratory science, ranging from the spectrographic analysis used in practically every scientific discipline today, to the naming of entire disciplines, such as synthetic organic chemistry. Despite their acknowledged significance, however, the history of analysis, synthesis, and their relations over the longue durée is poorly understood. Several volumes have been devoted to the history of analysis and synthesis in the sense that premodern mathematicians and philosophers used the terms, but very little work has been done on the tradition of material decomposition and recomposition and its relationship to mathematics and philosophy. The present volume brings together scholars in the history of medicine, mathematics, philosophy, chemistry, and alchemy to explore the ways in which these multiple disciplines understood and used analysis and synthesis as experimental, justificatory, and conceptual tools.
Traffic and Granular Flow '17
by Samer H. HamdarThis book presents 57 peer-reviewed papers from the 12th Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow (TGF) held in Washington, DC, in July 2017. It offers a unique synthesis of the latest scientific findings made by researchers from different countries, institutions and disciplines.The research fields covered range from physics, computer science and engineering and they may be all grouped under the topic of "Traffic and Granular Flow". The main theme of the Conference was: "From Molecular Interactions to Internet of Things and Smart Cities: The Role of Technology in the Understanding and the Evolution of Particle Dynamics".
Traffic and Granular Flow 2019 (Springer Proceedings in Physics #252)
by Iker Zuriguel Angel Garcimartín Raúl Cruz HidalgoThis book gathers contributions on a variety of flowing collective systems. While primarily focusing on pedestrian dynamics, they also reflect the latest developments in areas such as vehicular traffic and granular flows and address related emerging topics such as self-propelled particles, data transport, swarm behavior, intercellular transport, and collective dynamics of biological systems. Combining fundamental research and practical applications in the various fields discussed, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners alike.
Traffic Flow Dynamics: Data, Models and Simulation
by Arne Kesting Christian Thiemann Martin TreiberThis textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Exposure in Urbanized Areas
by Bernard Połednik Sławomira Dumała Łukasz Guz Adam PiotrowiczTraffic-related pollutions, apart from the emissions from other anthropogenic sources, significantly decrease the air quality in cities. This is especially true in the case of the areas located in the vicinity of communication routes with high traffic intensity. In accordance with the epidemiological studies, the transport emissions affecting road users, both drivers and pedestrians, have a detrimental effect on health and may contribute to numerous serious illnesses. This work presents the characteristics of traffic-related pollution and the factors affecting its concentration in the air. The effects of exposure to traffic-related pollution on health are described as well. The transport emissions in Lublin, Poland, are discussed in detail. The results of previous studies on traffic-related environmental pollution are presented, including pollutant concentrations as well as exposures of drivers and pedestrians along one of the busiest roads. The studies account for different seasons and weather conditions. The methods of reducing traffic-related pollution and prospects for improving the urban air quality are described as well. This book is intended for academics, researchers, engineers and professionals involved in studies and assessment of the road transport impact on the environment.
Tragedies and Christian Congregations: The Practical Theology of Trauma (Explorations in Practical, Pastoral and Empirical Theology)
by Christopher Southgate Megan Warner Carla A. Grosch-Miller Hilary IsonWhen tragedy strikes a community, it is often unexpected with long-lasting effects on the people left in its wake. Too often, there aren’t adequate systems in place to aid those affected in processing what has happened. This study uniquely combines practical theology, pastoral insight and scientific data to demonstrate how Christian congregations can be helped to be resilient in the face of sudden devastating events. Beginning by identifying the characteristics of trauma in individuals and communities, this collection of essays from practitioners and academics locates sudden trauma-inducing tragedies as a problem in practical theology. A range of biblical and theological responses are presented, but contemporary scientific understanding is also included in order to challenge and stretch some of these traditional theological resources. The pastoral section of the book examines the ethics of response to tragedy, locating the role of the minister in relation to other helping agencies and exploring the all-too-topical issue of ministerial abuse. Developing a nuanced rationale for good practical, pastoral, liturgical and theological responses to major traumas, this book will be of significant value to scholars of practical theology as well as practitioners counselling in and around church congregations.
The Tragedy of American Science: From Truman to Trump
by Clifford D. ConnerA look at the destructive history of science-for-profit, including its toll on the US pandemic response, by the author of A People&’s History of Science. Despite a facade of brilliant technological advances, American science has led humanity to the brink of interrelated disasters. In The Tragedy of American Science, historian of science Clifford D. Conner describes the dual processes by which this history has unfolded since the Second World War, addressing the corporatization and the militarization of science in the US. He examines the role of private profit considerations in determining the direction of scientific inquiry—and the ways those considerations have dangerously undermined the integrity of sciences impacting food, water, air, medicine, and the climate. In addition, he explores the relationship between scientific industries and the US military, discussing the innumerable financial and human scientific resources that have been diverted from other critical areas in order to further military aggrandizement and technological development. While the underlying problems may appear intractable, Conner compellingly argues that replacing the current science-for-profit system with a science-for-human-needs system is not an impossible utopian dream—and the first step to a better future is grappling with the mistakes of the past.
Tragende Bauteile aus Glas: Grundlagen, Konstruktion, Bemessung, Beispiele (Bauingenieur-Praxis)
by Geralt Siebert Iris ManiatisGlaselemente als tragende Bauteile sind aus dem Hochbau nicht mehr wegzudenken. Jedoch gehören die ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen für Entwurf, Bemessung und Konstruktion für die Mehrzahl der Planer in der Praxis noch nicht zur Routine. Dieses Buch fasst die grundlegenden Kenntnisse über den Baustoff Glas sowie die aktuellen Regelwerke und das auf Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten basierende Nachweiskonzept nach DIN 18008 für den Konstruktiven Glasbau zusammen. Es ermöglicht somit einen lückenlosen Planungsprozess vom Entwurf bis zum Standsicherheitsnachweis. Als wichtige Grundlagen werden Herstellung, Veredlung und mechanische Eigenschaften von Gläsern für den Hochbau vorgestellt. Die Vorspannung, Kanten- und Oberflächenbeschaffenheit u. a. Einflüsse auf die Festigkeit und Tragfähigkeit werden besonders erläutert. Die technischen Regelwerke und die baurechtlichen Vorschriften werden erörtert, Konstruktion und Berechnung, Bemessungskonzepte und Nachweisformate sind ausführlich und praxisnah dargestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der konstruktiven Ausbildung von Details. Eine Vielzahl von Bemessungsbeispielen dient der Verdeutlichung. Für linienförmig gelagerte Verglasungen werden Hilfsmittel zur Bemessung in Tabellenform zur Verfügung gestellt. Gegenüber der 1. Auflage wurde das Buch wesentlich erweitert, z. B. um Abschnitte zu gebogenem Glas, Dünnglas, Oberflächenbehandlung, Photovoltaikverglasungen, Kleben, Bauteilversuche.
The Tragic Sense of Life: Ernst Haeckel and the Struggle over Evolutionary Thought
by Robert J. RichardsA biography of the controversial German evolutionist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919)
The Tragic Sense of Life: Ernst Haeckel and the Struggle over Evolutionary Thought
by Robert J. RichardsPrior to the First World War, more people learned of evolutionary theory from the voluminous writings of Charles Darwin’s foremost champion in Germany, Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), than from any other source, including the writings of Darwin himself. But, with detractors ranging from paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould to modern-day creationists and advocates of intelligent design, Haeckel is better known as a divisive figure than as a pioneering biologist. Robert J. Richards’s intellectual biography rehabilitates Haeckel, providing the most accurate measure of his science and art yet written, as well as a moving account of Haeckel’s eventful life.