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Transforming U.S. Climate Change Policies: 2021 and Beyond (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Thomas L. BrewerThis book presents an integrated, multi-disciplinary analysis that combines climate science, economics, technology and political analysis of US climate policy changes undertaken during 2021. The book begins with an up-to-date discussion of the climate crisis as of 2021, with key concepts, problems and data all represented in straight-forward graphs and tables. This introduction to climate science and climate conditions establishes the context in which US climate policy is being made. The second chapter presents information about issues and policies at the advent of the Biden administration in January 2021 within the institutional context of the US political system. The chapter focuses on the initiatives taken by the new administration in a remarkable display of wide-ranging decision-making during its first year in office, and it also includes the policies of state and local governments. The third chapter offers a detailed analysis of the climate budget developed for the fiscal year 2022, a budget that marks dramatic increases in the amounts of funds for a wide variety of climate change programs—and also reductions in the subsidies for fossil fuel industries. A series of sectoral chapters examine the economics and technologies, as well as the government policies, in key industry sectors: energy, transportation, agriculture and finance. The final chapter is based on scenarios of future climate changes and policy paths that can address the mitigation and adaptation challenges of the next decade. The book offers specific information, so the reader can understand the contemporary climate issues and policies in the USA. At the same time, it provides the enduring concepts and fundamental features of the science, economics, technologies and political institutions that will shape the future.
Transforming University Biochemistry Teaching Using Collaborative Learning and Technology
by Penny J. GilmerOne aim of Gilmer's captivating text on university pedagogy is to show that biochemistry (or any science) does not consist solely of facts to be learned, but is a way of thinking about the world. Her purpose, both in this book and in her classroom, is to make her students into critical thinkers rather than passive learners. The chapters cast a critical eye over research into enhanced education techniques such as collaborative learning. Gilmer describes the action research she conducted in her own biochemistry undergraduate classroom into ways of improving the learning environment. She offers various perspectives on the make-up of her classroom, including an analysis of ethnographic data. The tools Gilmer employs as she hones her teaching skills include collaborative learning and technology. She views the classroom through various theoretical perspectives: social constructivism, cultural-historical activity theory, and a theory that involves the dialectic between the structure of the learning environment and the agency of the learners (a group among whom she includes herself). She provides a wealth of autobiographical detail as well as the results of her action research, which followed up on its original subjects after an interval of 11 years, to see what impact her course had on their professional growth. Above all, this volume is proof of what can be achieved in education when teachers are as interested in the process of learning as they are in their subject itself.
Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa
by Liam Riley Jonathan CrushCountries across Africa are rapidly transitioning from rural to urban societies. The UN projects that 60% of people living in Africa will be in urban areas by 2050, with the urban population on the continent tripling over the next 50 years. The challenge of building inclusive and sustainable cities in the context of rapid urbanization is arguably the critical development issue of the 21st Century and creating food secure cities is key to promoting health, prosperity, equity, and ecological sustainability. The expansion of Africa’s urban population is taking place largely in secondary cities: these are broadly defined as cities with fewer than half a million people that are not national political or economic centres. The implications of secondary urbanization have recently been described by the Cities Alliance as “a real knowledge gap”, requiring much additional research not least because it poses new intellectual challenges for academic researchers and governance challenges for policy-makers. International researchers coming from multiple points of view including food studies, urban studies, and sustainability studies, are starting to heed the call for further research into the implications for food security of rapidly growing secondary cities in Africa. This book will combine this research and feature comparable case studies, intersecting trends, and shed light on broad concepts including governance, sustainability, health, economic development, and inclusivity. This is an open access book.
Transforming Urban Green Space Governance in China Under Ecological Civilization: An Institutional Analysis (Urban Health and Wellbeing)
by Jieling Liu Franz GatzweilerThis book addresses the transdisciplinary subject of urban green space governance in Chinese cities through political sciences, organization theory, sociology, and new institutional economics lenses, with urban planning and ecology perspectives as research foundation and the science of climate change on health and wellbeing research background. It captivates readers by bringing answers to: 1) Why are urban green spaces such a highly contested subject in climate mitigation and adaptation, particularly in contexts like Chinese cities? 2) Why is it important to govern urban green spaces as common-pool resources? 3) How to design policies/institutions that can maximize the end objectives such as good health, wellbeing, and climate resilience? 4) What can ordinary citizens gain from caring more about greening their cities and contributing to the process? Besides, the methods used in this research-case-based study - qualitative in-depth interviews and qualitative content analysis using the mainstream qualitative data analysis software MaxQDA, are valuable learning sources, especially for junior graduate students. The book features three in-depth case studies with rich interview and illustration materials and a range of graphics of higher analytical quality. Readers both from research professionals to non-academics with a general cultural interest in geography would find this work instructive and informative.
Transforming Waste Management: Challenges and Success of an Indian City
by Mercy S Samuel Asad WarsiWaste management has become a great challenge for cities and urban areas, especially in countries with a high population density. This book looks at the waste management apparatus of the city of Indore, India, to see how the city overhauled its waste management practices and strategies to become one of the cleanest cities in the country.The volume highlights the challenges that the city faced and its use of innovative business models, technology, and infrastructure as well as instituting sweeping policy and process changes to bring change. It examines the city’s successful efforts to bring informal waste management systems to the mainstream and other interventions to close the gaps between government institutions, sanitation workers, and the general public. It further throws light on the use of technological interventions that the city government adopted for streamlining waste management and developing a sustainable business model for waste and emission reduction leading to achieve carbon credits and net zero goals.This book will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers of urban planning and management, urban sociology, urban geography, waste management, and environmental studies. It will also be useful to policymakers and professionals working in the field of city management planning and governance.
Transforming Water Management in South Africa
by Rashid M. Hassan Barbara SchreinerOne of the early set of reforms that South Africa embarked on after emerging from apartheid was in the water sector, following a remarkable, consultative process. The policy and legal reforms were comprehensive and covered almost all aspects of water management including revolutionary changes in defining and allocating rights to water, radical reforms in water management and supply institutions, the introduction of the protection of environmental flows, and major shifts in charging for water use and in the provision of free basic water. Over ten years of implementation of these policy and legislative changes mean that valuable lessons have already been learned and useful experiences gained in the challenge of effective water resources management and water services provision in a middle income country.
Transfusion: Blood and Sympathy in the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination
by Ann Louise Kibbie"England may with justice claim to be the native land of transfusion," wrote one European physician in 1877, acknowledging Great Britain’s crucial role in developing and promoting human-to-human transfusion as treatment for life-threatening blood loss. As news of this revolutionary medical technique spread from professional publications to popular journals and newspapers, the operation invaded the Victorian imagination. Transfusion is the first extended study of this intersection between medical and literary history. It examines the medical discourse that surrounded the real nineteenth-century practice of transfusion, which focused on women suffering from uterine hemorrhage, alongside literary works that exploited the operation’s sentimental, satirical, sensational, and gothic potentials.In the eighteenth century, the term "transfusion" was used to figure aesthetic and religious inspiration as well as erotic and romantic commingling—associations that persisted into the nineteenth century and informed attitudes toward the medical practice of blood transfer and the cultural conception of sympathetic exchange. Exploring transfusion’s role in canonical works such as Wells’s The Island of Dr. Moreau and Stoker’s Dracula, as well as a surprising array of lesser-known short stories and novels, Kibbie demonstrates the tangled, mutually informing relationship between science and culture. This innovative study traces the creation of a new fluid economy between persons, one that could be seen to forge new forms of intimacy between donors and recipients or to threaten the very idea of personal identity.
Transfusion Medicine: A Clinical Guide
by Katherine I. SchexneiderTransfusion Medicine: A Clinical Guide is a concise, patient-focused handbook that guides physicians in the art of blood transfusion. The book begins with a clear explanation of the simple task of ordering blood, something many physicians have never learned. The next four chapters describe evidence-based transfusion for the common patient types acr
Transgender Lives: Complex Stories, Complex Voices
by Kirstin Cronn-Mills"I didn't hear the word transgender until I was eighteen, when a person I was dating came out as trans. My boyfriend came out as my girlfriend, and I thought, 'What . . . is that?' She said, 'I just don't think I'm a man.' And I said, 'Guess what? Neither do I.' And then the skies parted, and I understood who I was."—Katie Burgess, nonprofit director and community activist/organizer Meet Katie, Hayden, Dean, Brooke, David, Julia, and Natasha. Each is transgender, and in this book, they share their personal stories. Through their narratives, you'll get to know and love each person for their humor, intelligence, perseverance, and passion. You'll learn how they each came to better understand, accept, and express their gender identities, and you'll follow them through the sorrows and successes of their personal journeys. Transgender Lives helps you understand what it means to be transgender in America while learning more about transgender history, the broad spectrum of transgender identities, and the transition process. You'll explore the challenges transgender Americans face, including discrimination, prejudice, bullying and violence, unequal access to medical care, and limited legal protections. For transgender readers, these stories offer support and encouragement. Transgender Lives is a space for trans* voices to be heard and to express the complexities of gender while focusing on what it means to be human.
Transgenesis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2631)
by Thomas L. SaundersThis detailed volume focuses on genotyping and validation in addition to information on how to produce gene edited cells and animals for research. Future advances in biomedical research will benefit greatly from the use of precise gene targeting of transgenes in the genome as CRISPR technology supersedes earlier methods that relied on random transgene integration, which this collection reflects. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Transgenesis: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers working with or working on genetically modified models.
Transgenesis Techniques
by Elizabeth J. CartwrightOne of the major challenges currently facing the scientific community is to understand the function of the multitude of protein-coding genes that were revealed when the human genome was fully sequenced. In Transgenesis Techniques: Principles and Protocols, Third Edition, experts in the field fully update and expand upon the previous edition in order to detail the transgenic techniques currently used to modify the genome. The volume explores classic procedures to genetically modify mice and other model organisms, as well as cutting-edge practices involving microinjection, site-specific recombination systems, cryopreservation, and many other topics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters include brief introductions to their subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes sections, highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Transgenesis Techniques: Principles and Protocols, Third Edition is a comprehensive practical guide to the generation of transgenic animals and an invaluable source of information in any lab currently involved in transgenic techniques.
Transgenesis Techniques
by Alan R. ClarkeThis revised and updated edition of a much-acclaimed classic presents a collection of readily reproducible techniques for the generation and analysis of transgenic animals, with emphasis on the manipulation of the mammalian genome. It concentrates on the creation and maintenance of genetically modified murine strains, providing access to the germline by both conventional pronuclear injection, and by retroviral and adenoviral infection. Extensive coverage is also given to the generation, maintenance, and manipulation of embryonic stem cell lineages, with protocols for both constitutive and conditional (Cre-lox or the Flp-frt systems) gene targeting. Additional chapters provide cutting-edge techniques for the cryopreservation of both male and female germlines, for the generation of transgenic sheep by nuclear transfer, and for the basic analysis of transgenic organisms.
Transgenesis Techniques
by David Murphy David A. CarterPractical methods for the generation and analysis of transgenic animals, covering a comprehensive range of species, from invertebrates to lower vertebrates to higher vertebrates. Chapters examine ways in which transgenic techniques can be used to address many problems in biological systems present in-depth descriptions of analytical methods, and give step-by-step techniques that can be easily performed in your lab.
Transgenic and Mutant Tools to Model Brain Disorders
by Allan V. Kalueff Carisa L. BergnerAs the presence of genetically modified animal models in research laboratories has multiplied, the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of brain disorders has become particularly important. The refinement of molecular genetic methods has continued to broaden our understanding of the genetic factors associated with a variety of disorders. In "Transgenic and Mutant Tools to Model Brain Disorders", leading scientists specializing in this field contribute a timely collection of recent advances featuring a vast array of topics in order to contribute to the diverse approaches taken toward the evaluation of genetically modified models in biomedical research. Opening with several chapters covering general aspects of genetically modified animal models, the book then continues with detailed chapters on models of specific human brain disorders, including OCD, Rett Syndrome, anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. As a volume in the successful NeuromethodsTM series, the chapters provide authoritative reviews covering the most commonly used approaches in the field. Cutting-edge and concise, "Transgenic and Mutant Tools to Model Brain Disorders" offers a comprehensive and descriptive overview on a variety of topics in neuroscience and biological psychiatry.
Transgenic Animals
by Louis-Marie HoudebineDuring the past 20 years, transgenesis has become a popular technique and a crucial tool for molecular geneticists and biologists. Transgene expression is now better-controlled and even specifically inducible by exogenous factors. While these techniques have quite significantly transformed the experimental approaches taken by biologists, the applications are more limited than expected and concerns have arisen regarding biosafety as well as physiological, social, and philosophical issues. Transgenic Animals: Generation and Use contains articles on the techniques used to generate transgenic animals and a section on the preparation of vectors for the optimally controlled expression of transgenes. It also examines the use of transgenic animals in the study of gene function and human diseases, the preparation of recombinant proteins and organs for pharmaceutical and medical use, and the improvement of genetic characteristics of farm animals. Finally, it discusses more recent problems generated by transgenic animals including conservation of transgenic lines, specific database patenting, biosafety, and bioethics.Drawn from both academia and industry, the contributors to this monograph present in one concise volume all the relevant information on the different aspects of transgenesis. This book can be used as both a reference book and a textbook for specialized university courses and will be of interest to everyone involved in basic research in animal biology, molecular genetics, animal biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and medicine.
Transgenic Ascidians (Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology #1029)
by Yasunori SasakuraThis book comprehensively describes the transgenesis techniques and applied experimental methods in ascidians including enthusiastically developed original devices in addition to concrete examples of developmental biology studies. Ascidians have been one of the most important model animals in developmental biology for studying molecular and cellular processes underlying formation of the chordate body plan. Transgenic techniques such as microinjection, electropolation, cis-element analysis and application, and TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 have been developed in ascidians for more than 20 years, and now many applied methods, some of which are unique in ascidians, have been accumulated. Those extensive technological innovations, such as cell isolation, cell labeling, germ-line transformation, marker transgenic lines, and the experimental systems for studying notochord formation and nervous system, are exceptional particularly in marine invertebrates. This book is useful for ascidian researchers to quickly access the techniques in which they are interested as well as to compare each technology to become familiar with specialized tips, and for biologists of other organisms to learn the unique techniques and ingenious attempts specific to ascidians. Providing detailed and easily understandable descriptions of techniques, the book will inspire ascidian specialists to improve their techniques, encourage anyone wanting to begin studying ascidians, and enable readers to immediately apply the techniques to the organisms they research.
Transgenic Cotton: Methods And Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #958)
by Baohong ZhangThis second edition provides a comprehensive collection of the cutting-edge methods for creating and monitoring transgenic cotton and its application on agricultural and basic research. Chapters detail current status and perspectives of transgenic cotton, principle and methods for making transgenic cotton, creating gene knockout lines, foreign gene copy and expression in transgenic plants, improvements to cotton using transgenic technology, and monitoring the potential impact of transgenic cotton on environment. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfallsAuthoritative and cutting-edge, Transgenic Cotton: Methods and Protocols 2nd aims to be a resource for scientists as well as graduate students who work on transgenic plants, plant genetics, molecular biology, and agricultural sciences.
Transgenic Cotton
by Baohong ZhangCotton is the most important textile and cash crop and is widely cultivated in more than 70 countries, including the United States, China, and India. Because its long life cycle and complicated genetic background, it is hard to improve cotton using traditional breeding techniques although it has made much progress in the last several decades. Currently, transgenic techniques have become a powerful tool to improve cotton and transgenic cotton is among the first commercially genetically modified crops. Transgenic Cotton: Methods and Protocols provides a comprehensive collection of methods for creating and monitoring transgenic cotton and its application on agricultural and basic research. Divided into five convenient sections, topics covered include the current status and perspectives of transgenic cotton, the principle and methods for making transgenic cotton, the methods for detecting foreign gene copy and expression in transgenic plants, the improvement of cotton using transgenic technology, and finally the methods for monitoring the potential impact of transgenic cotton on environment, including gene flow. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Transgenic Cotton: Methods and Protocols will serve as an excellent resource for scientists as well as graduate students who work on transgenic plants, plant genetics, molecular biology and agricultural sciences.
Transgenic Crop Plants
by Charles Michler Timothy C. Hall Chittaranjan Kole Albert G. AbbottDevelopment of transgenic crop plants, their utilization for improved agriculture, health, ecology and environment and their socio-political impacts are currently important fields in education, research and industries and also of interest to policy makers, social activists and regulatory and funding agencies. This work prepared with a class-room approach on this multidisciplinary subject will fill an existing gap and meet the requirements of such a broad section of readers. Volume 2 with 13 chapters contributed by 41 eminent scientists from nine countries deliberates on the utilization of transgenic crops for resistance to herbicides, biotic stress and abiotic stress, manipulation of developmental traits, production of biofuel, biopharmaceuticals and algal bioproducts, amelioration of ecology and environment and fostering functional genomics as well as on regulations and steps for commercialization, patent and IPR issues, and compliance to concerns and compulsions of utilizing transgenic plants.
Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities
by Beiquan Mou Ralph ScorzaAs the world debates the risks and benefits of plant biotechnology, the proportion of the global area of transgenic field crops has increased every year, and the safety and value continues to be demonstrated. Yet, despite the success of transgenic field crops, the commercialization of transgenic horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, nuts, and or
Transgenic Insects: Techniques and Applications (CABI Biotechnology Series #3)
by Hassan M. Ahmed Omar S. Akbar Serap Aksoy Yehonatan Alcalay Luke Alphey Yael Arien Rotem Daniel Avraham Camilla Beech Nicholas J. Bongio Vanessa Bottino-Rojas L. Roman Carrasco Lucy Carter Jackson Champer Isabelle Coche Carolina Concha Rocco D’Amato Brinda Dass Jason A. Delborne Ellen M. Dotson Ravi V. Durvasula Matthew P. Edgington Claudia Emerson Guido Favia Adam P. Forshaw Alexander W.E. Franz Marisa L. Guido Monika Gulia-Nuss Daniella An Haber Andrew Hammond Alfred M. Handler Keith R. Hayes Ivy Hurwitz Anthony A. James Thomas P. Kelly Nicole Klein Ana Kormos Lee Benjamin Lamdan David J. Lampe Rosemary S. Lees Maria Vittoria Mancini Aditi Mankad John Mumford Tony Nolan Andrew Nuss David A. O’Brochta Riccardo Papa Philippos Aris Papathanos Michael Pham Ricardo Pereira Megan Quinlan Robyn Raban Jason L. Rasgon Aaron Roberts Yasha Rohwer Nathan Rose Marc F. Schetelig Kristof De Schutter Hideki Sezutsu Arvind Sharma Gregory S. Simmons Guy Smagghe Toshiki Tamura Delphine Thizy Lea Pare Toe Brian L. Weiss Ernst A. Wimmer Liu YangTechnology for modifying the genotypes and phenotypes of insects and other arthropods has steadily progressed with the development of more precise and powerful methods, most prominently transgenic modification. For many insect pests, there is now almost unlimited ability to modify phenotypes to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive have the power to make wild-type populations less harmful in ways that could never have been performed with previous transgenic approaches. This transition from primarily laboratory science to greater application for field use has also necessitated greater development of modeling, ethical considerations and regulatory oversight. The 2nd Edition of Transgenic Insects contains chapters contributed by experts in the field that cover technologies and applications that are now possible. This edition includes increased attention to associated challenges of risk assessment, regulation, and public engagement. Featuring: Up-to-date analysis of molecular techniques, such as gene editing. Consideration of public attitudes and regulatory aspects associated with transgenic insects. Many examples of the wide range of applications of transgenic insects. This book will be very valuable to students and researchers in entomology, molecular biology, genetics, public health and agriculture, and will also appeal to practitioners who are implementing the technology, and to regulators, stakeholders and ethicists.
Transgenic Insects: Techniques and Applications (CABI Biotechnology Series #3)
by Mark Q. BenedictInsect transgenesis promises improvements in agriculture, pharmaceuticals and public health. Many important insects can now be routinely transformed with effectors that have useful applications. Agriculture presents the largest market for transgenic insects and has a foundational history of success with sterile insect technique for control of pests including Mediterranean fruit flies and screwworms. Biotechnology will contribute superior markers, suppressible sterility and sex-conversion. Public health is also seeing transgenic mosquitoes developed which suppress natural populations and are incapable of transmitting disease. Experts in the field will contribute their insights into the latest technology and its applications. Authors will also consider the larger risks, social and economic aspects of transgenic insects whose value must be proven in political, regulatory and public acceptance arenas.
Transgenic Insects
by Mark Quentin BenedictInsect transgenesis promises improvements in agriculture, pharmaceuticals and public health. Many important insects can now be routinely transformed with effectors that have useful applications. Agriculture presents the largest market for transgenic insects and has a foundational history of success with sterile insect technique for control of pests including Mediterranean fruit flies and screwworms. Biotechnology will contribute superior markers, suppressible sterility and sex-conversion. Public health is also seeing transgenic mosquitoes developed which suppress natural populations and are incapable of transmitting disease. Experts in the field will contribute their insights into the latest technology and its applications. Authors will also consider the larger risks, social and economic aspects of transgenic insects whose value must be proven in political, regulatory and public acceptance arenas.
Transgenic Maize
by M. Paul ScottAs increasing global population and continuing economic development ensure the need for further production and cultivation of maize, the necessity of the application of transgenic technology to this model species and crop plant grows steadily. In Transgenic Maize: Methods and Protocols, experts in the various disciplines of the field contribute readily reproducible protocols covering such topics as transformation methods, transgenic maize in research, the analysis of transgenic plants, and breeding with transgenes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters present brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and easy to use, Transgenic Maize: Methods and Protocols will greatly aid researchers wishing to use these procedures in their own laboratories, and will provide readers with a better understanding of the experiments being performed by cooperators or fee-for-service labs.
Transgenic Mouse: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2066)
by Melissa A. LarsonThis volume provides readers with a historical foundation in standard techniques and a comprehensive update on the latest methods used in making gene-modified mice. The chapters in this book cover topics such as pronuclear microinjection in one-cell embryos; embryo transfer surgery; nuclear transfer and cloning; blastocyst microinjection; and cryobanking and recovery of genetically modified mice. Importantly, there are chapters devoted to the latest application of CRISPR technology, as well as the establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Comprehensive and authoritative, Transgenic Mouse: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both novice and expert researchers who are interested in learning more about this evolving field.