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They Died with Custer: Soldiers' Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn
by Douglas D. Scott P. Willey Melissa A. ConnorMore than a hundred years after the Battle of the Little Bighorn, its secrets continue to unfold. In this book, Douglas D. Scott, P. Willey, and Melissa A. Connor blend historic sources, archeological evidence, and physical data to present new revelations about the men who rode and died with Custer. Although dead men tell no tales, their skeletons whisper entire life stories. Through painstaking analysis of the skeletal remains, the authors construct composite biographies of the soldiers, identifying their true ages, heights, states of health, and how they died. A vast selection of illustrations, including photographs, battlefield maps, drawings, & graphs, enhance the discussion. The authors also move beyond individual stories to consider our views regarding the appropriate treatment for the dead. They explain how Custer Battlefield National Monument, now Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, has always reflected shifts in cultural values. The planned monument to the American Indians who fought against the Seventh Cavalry is perhaps the most notable example. THEY DIED WITH CUSTER is important because it humanizes the cavalrymen who until now have been mere statistics. The first study of its kind, this volume not only makes a significant contribution to Little Bighorn scholarship but also offers a general model for new ways to interpret the past. Douglas D. K. Scott is Great Plains Team Leader, Midwest Archeological Center, National Park Service. He is widely know as an expert on military archeology. P. Willey is Professor of Anthropology, Chico State University, California. His specialties include forensic anthropology and human skeletal biology. Melissa A. Connor, an Archeologist with the Midwest Archeological Center, is currently studying the application of archeology to forensic work and the recovery of recent human remains.
They Got It Wrong: Science
by Graeme DonaldThis book is the perfect gift for anyone with an interest in our scientific history. It exposes the theories that were once widely regarded as facts but have since been proven to be complete science fiction. From such seemingly crazy ideas as the body being composed of only four things--black and yellow bile, blood, and phlegm--to the discovery of dinosaur bones being accepted as the bones of giants killed in the great flood from Biblical times. They Got It Wrong: Science tells the fascinating story behind 50 erroneous scientific theories and gives incredible perspective on how the way we view the workings of the world has evolved throughout history.
They Had Names: Tracing the History of the North American Indigenous People
by Nathaniel JeansonBefore the Pilgrims landed at Cape Cod, what was happening in North America? Who was there? What civilizations rose and fell? For years, the answers to these questions have been shrouded in mystery. At the time of European contact, a diverse world of Native peoples thrived across the continent. What was their backstory? Who were the ancestors of the Sioux? Where did the Navajo come from? What about the Apache, the Comanche, the Cherokee? They Had Names is the result of a multi-year deep dive into genetics, indigenous histories, archaeology, and linguistics—an ambitious quest to uncover answers to these questions. In this book, you will explore pre-Columbian links between civilizations of the Old World and civilizations of the New. You’ll read about unexpected connections between Mexico and tribes north of the Rio Grande. You’ll also discover that ancient ruins from North American civilizations still exist, that these ruins tell dramatic stories, and that they can still be visited today. On this continent, peoples and kingdoms rose and fell, great battles were fought, heroes were enshrined—heroes whose names have been preserved.
They Knew: The US Federal Governments Fifty-Year Role in Causing the Climate Crisis
by James Gustave SpethA devastating, play-by-play account of the federal government's leading role in bringing about today's climate crisis.In 2015, a group of twenty-one young people sued the federal government for violating their constitutional rights by promoting the climate catastrophe, depriving them of life, liberty, and property without due process of law. They Knew offers evidence for their claims, presenting a devastating, play-by-play account of the federal government's role in bringing about today's climate crisis. James Speth, tapped by the plaintiffs as an expert on climate, documents how administrations from Carter to Trump--despite having information about climate change and the connection to fossil fuels--continued aggressive support of a fossil fuel based energy system. What did the federal government know and when did it know it? Speth asks, echoing another famous cover up. What did the federal government do and what did it not do? They Knew (an updated version of the Expert Report Speth prepared for the lawsuit) presents the most compelling indictment yet of the government's role in the climate crisis, showing a forty-year failure to take action. Since Juliana v. United States was filed, the federal government has repeatedly delayed the case. Yet even in legal limbo, it has helped inspire a generation of youthful climate activists. An Our Children&’s Trust Book
They Laughed at Galileo: How the Great Inventors Proved Their Critics Wrong
by Albert JackA humorous account of great inventors and their critics who predicted failure.They Laughed at Galileo takes a humorous and reflective look at one thousand years of the development of humankind: those who dreamt, those who taught, those who opposed, and those who, ultimately, did.At some point in modern history, each and every one of our inventions and discoveries was first envisioned and then developed by a single person, or a handful of people, who dreamt of the seemingly impossible. For them, the future was clear and obvious, but for the vast majority, including the acknowledged experts of their days, such belief was sheer folly.For just about everything that has improved our modern lifestyles in a way that our ancestors could not possibly imagine, there was once a lone dreamer proclaiming, "It can be done.” That dreamer was nearly always opposed by a team of "enlightened” contemporaries publicly declaring, "It cannot be done.” Well, yes it could.Marconi’s wireless radio transmissions were initially deemed pointless. Edward L. Drake’s eventual success on August 27, 1859, was called the day "the crazy man first struck oil.” Louis Pasteur’s theory of germs was considered a "ridiculous fiction.” Each of these inventions has had a profound effect on the course of human history, and each one was rejected, resisted, and ridiculed in its day. Ultimately, the innovators who brought these into existence provided invaluable contributions to science and the culture of humankind.
They Lead: The Wolf Pack
by June SmallsThey are the leaders. The creators of the pack. She digs the den, where their young will grow. He patrols the territory and brings her food while she cares for the helpless pups. As seasons pass, and new litters arrive, the pack grows and all work together to raise the young. A wolf&’s piercing howl can carry up to 10 miles, raising goosebumps on even the most intrepid camper&’s skin. But the gray wolf is far from a simple predator. An incredible combination of teamwork and instinct has helped wolf packs survive, despite being endangered in most of North America. With a mother wolf and father wolf leading the pack–their family–together, the cubs grow and learn the skills they need to start their own pack someday. With stunning, lifelike illustrations and facts on each page for grownups or older children who want a deeper dive, this beautiful picture book is a monument to these majestic packs.
They Play, You Pay
by James T. BennettThey Play, You Pay is a detailed, sometimes irreverent look at a political conundrum: despite evidence that publicly funded ballparks, stadiums, and arenas do not generate net economic growth, governments keep on taxing sales, restaurant patrons, renters of automobiles, and hotel visitors in order to build ever more elaborate cathedrals of professional sport--often in order to satisfy an owner who has threatened to move his team to greener, more subsidy-happy, pastures. This book is a sweeping survey of the literature in the field, the history of such subsidies, the politics of stadium construction and franchise movement, and the prospects for a re-privatization of ballpark and stadium financing. It ties together disparate strands in a fascinating story, examining the often colorful cases through which governments became involved in sports. These range from the well-known to the obscure--from Yankee Stadium and the Astrodome to the Brooklyn Dodgers' move to Los Angeles (to a privately built ballpark constructed upon land that had been seized via eminent domain from a mostly Mexican-American population) to such arrant giveaways as Cowboys Stadium. It examines alternatives that might lessen the pressure for public subsidies, whether the Green Bay Packers model (in which the team's owners are local stockholders) or via league expansions. It also takes a look at little-known, yet significant, episodes such as President Theodore Roosevelt's intervention in the collegiate football crisis of 1905--a move that indirectly put the federal government on the side of such basic rule changes as the legalization of the forward pass. They Play, You Play is a fresh look at a political and economic puzzle: how it came to be that Joe and Jane Sixpack in the Bronx and Dallas subsidize the Steinbrenners and Jerry Joneses of professional sport.
They Poisoned the World: Life and Death in the Age of Forever Chemicals
by Mariah BlakeA landmark investigation of the chemical industry's decades-long campaign to hide the dangers of forever chemicals, told through the story of a small town on the frontlines of an epic public health crisisIn 2014, after losing several friends and relatives to cancer, an unassuming insurance underwriter in Hoosick Falls, New York, began to suspect that the local water supply was polluted. When he tested his tap water, he discovered dangerous levels of forever chemicals. This set off a chain of events that led to 100 million Americans learning their drinking water was tainted. Although the discovery came as a shock to most, the U.S. government and the manufacturers of these toxic chemicals—used in everything from lipstick and cookware to children&’s clothing—had known about their hazards for decades.In They Poisoned the World, investigative journalist Mariah Blake tells the astonishing story of this cover-up, tracing its roots back to the Manhattan Project and through the postwar years, as industry scientists discovered that these chemicals refused to break down and were saturating the blood of virtually every human being. By the 1980s, manufacturers were secretly testing their workers and finding links to birth defects, cancer, and other serious diseases. At every step, the industry&’s deceptions were aided by our government&’s appallingly lax regulatory system—a system that has made us all guinea pigs in a vast, uncontrolled chemistry experiment.Drawing on years of on-the-ground reporting and tens of thousands of documents, Blake interweaves the secret history of forever chemicals with the moving story of how a lone village took on the chemical giants—and won. From the beloved local doctor to the young mother who took her fight all the way to the nation&’s capital, citizen activists in Hoosick Falls and beyond have ignited the most powerful grassroots environmental movement since Silent Spring.Humane and revelatory, this book will provoke outrage—and hopefully inspire the change we need to protect the health of every American for generations to come.
They Studied Man: The Major Anthropologists and Their Contribution to the Understanding of Culture
by Abram Kardiner Edward PrebleThis book is an experiment in the description of an episode in cultural change. It takes as its text a segment of the cultural history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the period in which, from nebulous origins, cultural anthropology developed into a scientific discipline. The authors have not attempted to write a history of anthropology, for they are neither qualified nor interested in such an enterprise. Rather, they have attempted to relate the seminal hypotheses of the few great innovators in the development of a "science of man" to the ethos of the times and to the specific lives of these innovators. By using this method of treatment, the birth and growth of this scientific tradition can be presented within an adaptational framework. On the cultural level the hypotheses, theories, and techniques of these scientists are portrayed as creations responsive to the collective interests and needs of the time.
Thiamine Deficiency and Associated Clinical Disorders
by David W. MccandlessThiamine deficiency and related clinical disorders represent an intriguing area of both basic and clinical investigation. Modern imaging strategies have facilitated the rapid treatment, and potential reversal of these clinical disorders. The fusion of laboratory and clinical knowledge serve as an example of how research can translate to successful treatment. The goal of Thiamine Deficiency and Related Clinical Disorders is to bring together cogent results from basic and clinical investigation and to stimulate further investigations in these areas. This data will be useful to neurologists, internists, nutritionists, biochemists, neurochemists, neuroscientists, and others with interest in thiamine deficiency.
Thiamine: Catalytic Mechanisms in Normal and Disease States (Oxidative Stress and Disease)
by Mulchand S. Patel Frank JordanCompiling landmark research from those laying the foundation for medical science's next leap forward, Thiamine: Catalytic Mechanisms in Normal and Disease States fully explores the pathophysiological aspects of a spectrum of diseases associated with TDP-requiring enzymes. Providing brilliant new insights into neurogenerative diseases, this comprehensive volume associates defects in the function of TDP-dependent enzymes with numerous metabolic disorders and disease states, and offers novel aspects of thiamine enzymes in chiral synthesis, as well as new perspectives on the cellular role of thiamine triphosphate and thiamine triphosphates.
Thicker Than Blood: How Racial Statistics Lie
by Tukufu ZuberiTukufu Zuberi offers a concise account of the historical connections between the development of the idea of race and the birth of social statistics. Zuberi describes the ways race-differentiated data is misinterpreted in the social sciences and asks searching questions about the ways racial statistics are used. He argues that statistical analysis can and must be deracialized, and that this deracialization is essential to the goal of achieving social justice for all.
Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator
by Naseem Ahmad Mohammad FaisalPlant biotechnology is a most interesting branch for academicians and researchers in recent past. Now days, it becomes a very useful tool in agriculture and medicine and is regarded as a popular area of research especially in biological sciences because it makes an integral use of biochemistry, molecular biology and engineering sciences in order to achieve technological application of cultured tissues, cell and microbes.Plant tissue culture (PTC) refers to a technique of cultivation of plant cells and other parts on artificial nutrient medium in controlled environment under aseptic conditions. PTC requires various nutrients, pH, carbon source, gelling agent, temperature, photoperiod, humidity etc. and most importantly the judicious use of plant growth regulators. Various natural, adenine and phenyl urea derivatives are employed for the induction and proliferation of different types of explants. Several phenyl urea derivatives were evaluated and it was observed that thidiazuron (n-phenyl-N”-1,2,3- thidiazol-5-ulurea) was found to be the most active among the plant growth regulators. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was initially developed as a cotton defoliant and showed high cytokinin like activity. In some examples, its activity was 100 times more than BA in tobacco callus assay and produces more number of shoots in cultures than Zeatin and 2iP. TDZ also showed major breakthrough in tissue culture of various recalcitrant legumes and woody species. For the last two decades, number of laboratories has been working on TDZ with different aspect and number of publications has come out. To the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive edited volume on this particular topic. Hence th,e edited volume is a deed to consolidate the scattered information on role of TDZ in plant tissue culture and genetic manipulations that would hopefully prove informative to various researches.Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator compiles various aspects of TDZ in Plant Tissue Culture with profitable implications. The book will provides basic material for academicians and researchers who want to initiate work in this fascinating area of research.The book will contain 26 chapters compiled by International dignitaries and thus giving a holistic view to the edited volume.
Thieves of Virtue: When Bioethics Stole Medicine (Basic Bioethics)
by Tom KochAn argument against the “lifeboat ethic” of contemporary bioethics that views medicine as a commodity rather than a tradition of care and caring.Bioethics emerged in the 1960s from a conviction that physicians and researchers needed the guidance of philosophers in handling the issues raised by technological advances in medicine. It blossomed as a response to the perceived doctor-knows-best paternalism of the traditional medical ethic and today plays a critical role in health policies and treatment decisions. Bioethics claimed to offer a set of generally applicable, universally accepted guidelines that would simplify complex situations. In Thieves of Virtue, Tom Koch contends that bioethics has failed to deliver on its promises. Instead, he argues, bioethics has promoted a view of medicine as a commodity whose delivery is predicated not on care but on economic efficiency.At the heart of bioethics, Koch writes, is a “lifeboat ethic” that assumes “scarcity” of medical resources is a natural condition rather than the result of prior economic, political, and social choices. The idea of natural scarcity requiring ethical triage signaled a shift in ethical emphasis from patient care and the physician's responsibility for it to neoliberal accountancies and the promotion of research as the preeminent good. The solution to the failure of bioethics is not a new set of simplistic principles. Koch points the way to a transformed medical ethics that is humanist, responsible, and defensible.
Thieves, Deceivers, and Killers: Tales of Chemistry in Nature
by William AgostaThe tobacco plant synthesizes nicotine to protect itself from herbivores. The female moth broadcasts sex pheromones to attract a mate, while a soldier ant deploys an alarm pheromone to call for help. The carbon dioxide on a mammal's breath beckons hungry ticks and mosquitoes, while a flower's fragrance speaks to the honey bee. Indeed, much of the communication that occurs within and between various species of organisms is done not by sight, sound, or touch, but with chemicals. From mating to parenting, foraging to self-defense, plant and animal activities are accomplished largely by the secretion or exchange of organic chemicals. The fascinating and fast-developing science that encompasses these diverse phenomena is introduced here, by William Agosta, in a series of remarkable stories absolutely accessible to the general reader yet revelatory to chemists and biologists. Among Agosta's characters are the organisms that steal, counterfeit, or interpret the chemical signals of other species for their own ends. We learn of seeds that mimic ant odors to facilitate their own dispersion and flies that follow the scent of truffles to lay their eggs. We read about pit vipers that react in terror when their flicking tongues detect a king snake, and slave-making ants incapable of finding their own food. And we meet ice-age people who ate birch fungus to relieve whipworms and early human hunters who used the urine of wolves to maneuver deer to favorable sites. Agosta also chronicles the rapid development of the applied science that makes use of chemical ecology. As researchers deepen our understanding of the biological world, they are making economically significant discoveries (such as enzymes that remain stable in extreme heat), finding ways to reduce our reliance on manufactured pesticides, identifying new uses for traditional medicines, and developing sophisticated new pharmaceuticals effective in treating malaria and several cancers. On the horizon are antiviral agents derived from the chemical defenses of marine species. From the exploits of flies to the high-stakes effort to cure human disease, Agosta's tour of chemical ecology grants any reader entrance to the invisible realm where chemistry determines life and death.
Thin Film Coatings: Properties, Deposition, and Applications (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Fredrick Madaraka Mwema Tien-Chien Jen Lin ZhuThin Film Coatings: Properties, Deposition, and Applications discusses the holistic subject of conventional and emerging thin film technologies without bias to a specific technology based on the existing literature. It covers properties and delves into the various methods of thin film deposition, including the most recent techniques and a direction for future developments. It also discusses the cutting-edge applications of thin film coatings such as self-healing and smart coatings, biomedical, hybrid, and scalable thin films. Finally, the concept of Industry 4.0 in thin film coating technology is examined. This book: Explores a wide range and is not specific to material and method of deposition Demonstrates the application of thin film coatings in nearly all sectors, such as energy and anti-microbial applications Details the preparation and properties of hybrid and scalable (ultra) thin materials for advanced applications Provides detailed bibliometric analyses on applications of thin film coatings Discusses Industry 4.0 and 3D printing in thin film technology With its broad coverage, this comprehensive reference will appeal to a wide audience of materials scientists and engineers and others studying and developing advanced thin film technologies.
Thin Film Deposition Techniques: Thin Film Deposition Techniques and Its Applications in Different Fields
by Tahir Iqbal Awan Sumera Afsheen Sabah KausarThis book describes the basics and historical aspects of thin film. The introductory chapter of this book contains various aspects about thin-film deposition methods, significance of nanomaterials in the fabrication of thin film, certain fundamental characteristics of thin films (electrical, optical, and morphological), some challenges (thickness uniformity, film adhesion issues, temperature-related challenges, film defects and quality control, preparation of the surface of the substrate before deposition, etc.) faced during the formation of thin film, significance, and different types of deposition techniques along with their basic introduction, working principle, construction, merits/demerits, and also application in specific fields. This book specifically works on the techniques of thin-film deposition and role of the thin film in the formation of these deposition methods.
Thin Film Magnetoresistive Sensors (Series in Sensors)
by S TumanskiThin Film Magnetoresistive Sensors presents a comprehensive review of thin film magnetoresistive (MR) sensors, including the theory of MR effects as well as the design, fabrication, properties, and applications of MR sensors. With over 1,000 references, the book fully reviews the theory, development, and use of these sensors. It provides essential information about the performance of various kinds of sensors, including permalloy magnetoresistors, spin valve sensors, multilayer sensors, colossal effect sensors, spin dependent tunneling sensors, and magnetoimpedance sensors.
Thin Film Shape Memory Alloys
by Shuichi Miyazaki Yong Qing Fu Wei Min HuangThis book, the first dedicated to this exciting and rapidly growing field, enables readers to understand and prepare high-quality, high-performance TiNi shape memory alloys (SMAs). It covers the properties, preparation and characterization of TiNi SMAs, with particular focus on the latest technologies and applications in MEMS and biological devices. Basic techniques and theory are covered to introduce new-comers to the subject, whilst various sub-topics, such as film deposition, characterization, post treatment, and applying thin films to practical situations, appeal to more informed readers. Each chapter is written by expert authors, providing an overview of each topic and summarizing all the latest developments, making this an ideal reference for practitioners and researchers alike.
Thin Film and Flexible Thermoelectric Generators, Devices and Sensors
by Sergey Skipidarov Mikhail NikitinThis book presents and facilitates new research and development results with hot topics in the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) field. Topics include: novel thin film; multilayer, composite and nanostructured thermoelectric materials; simulation of phenomena related to thermoelectricity; thermoelectric thin film and multilayer materials manufacturing technologies; measurement techniques for characterization; thermoelectric generators; and the simulation, modeling, design, thermal, and mechanical degradation problems. This book helps researchers tackle the challenges that still remain in creating cheap and effective TEGs and presents the latest trends and technologies in development and production of advanced thermoelectric generation devices.
Thin Films and Coatings in Biology
by Soroush NazarpourThe surface of materials is routinely exposed to various environmental influences. Surface modification presents a technological challenge for material scientists, physicists, and engineers, particularly when those surfaces are subjected to function within human body environment. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and topics dealing with interaction of soft living matter with the surface of implants. Fundamental scientific concepts are embedded through experimental data and a broad range of case studies. First chapters cover the basics on biocompatibility of many different thin films of metals, alloys, ceramics, hydrogels, and polymers, following with case studies dealing with orthopedic and dental coatings. Next, a novel and low-cost coating deposition technique capable of production of several types of nanostructures is introduced through simple calculations and several illustrations. Moreover, chapter 6 and 7 present important topics on surface treatment of polymers, which is a subject that has seen many developments over the past decade. The last chapters target mainly the applications of coatings in biology such as in bio-sensing, neuroscience, and cancer detection. With several illustrations, micrographs, and case studies along with suitable references in each chapter, this book will be essential for graduate students and researchers in the multidisciplinary field of bio-coatings.
Thin Films and Coatings: Engineering Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Ali Dad Chandio Iftikhar Ahmed ChannaThis book highlights the fundamentals of thin films and coatings, including deposition techniques and material properties. The book showcases real-world applications in electronics, optics, nanotechnology, and aerospace, highlighting how these materials improve performance and durability. It also explores emerging trends such as smart coatings and sustainable options, making it a comprehensive resource for those seeking to leverage the potential of thin films and coatings in engineering. With both theoretical foundations and practical insights, it is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in this dynamic field.
Thin Films and Coatings: Toughening and Toughness Characterization (Advances in Materials Science and Engineering)
by Ian MuehlenhausThin Films and Coatings: Toughening and Toughness Characterization captures the latest developments in the toughening of hard coatings and in the measurement of the toughness of thin films and coatings. Featuring chapters contributed by experts from Australia, China, Czech Republic, Poland, Singapore, Spain, and the United Kingdom, this book: Presents the current status of hard-yet-tough ceramic coatings Reviews various toughness evaluation methods for films and hard coatings Explores the toughness and toughening mechanisms of porous thin films and laser-treated surfaces Examines adhesions of the film/substrate interface and the characterization of coating adhesion strength Discusses nanoindentation determination of fracture toughness, resistance to cracking, and sliding contact fracture phenomena Toughening and toughness measurement (of films and coatings) are two related, yet separate, fields of great importance in today’s nanotechnology world. Thin Films and Coatings: Toughening and Toughness Characterization is a timely reference written in such a way that novices will find it a stepping stone to the field and veterans will find it a rich source of information for their research.
Thin Films: Processes and Characterization Techniques
by Nicoleta NedelcuThe book provides research scientists and engineers in industry information and data on the materials processing, characterization, and determination of materials’ physical-chemical properties. The book highlights optical and chemical properties obtained on novel materials using a range of deposition methods by two different spectroscopic techniques: SE and UV-VIS-NIR. Emphasizing applications from across a number of domains including Healthcare, Opto-Electronic, and Defense, the book is ideal for academic researchers, graduate/undergraduate students, and practicing engineers concerned with optical coating technologies.
Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate in the World's Highest Mountains
by Mark Bowen"One of the best books yet published on climate change . . . The best compact history of the science of global warming I have read."—Bill McKibben, The New York Review of BooksThe world's premier climatologist, Lonnie Thompson has been risking his career and life on the highest and most remote ice caps along the equator, in search of clues to the history of climate change. His most innovative work has taken place on these mountain glaciers, where he collects ice cores that provide detailed information about climate history, reaching back 750,000 years. To gather significant data Thompson has spent more time in the death zone—the environment above eighteen thousand feet—than any man who has ever lived.Scientist and expert climber Mark Bowen joined Thompson's crew on several expeditions; his exciting and brilliantly detailed narrative takes the reader deep inside retreating glaciers from China, across South America, and to Africa to unravel the mysteries of climate. Most important, we learn what Thompson's hard-won data reveals about global warming, the past, and the earth's probable future.