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Valuing Animals: Veterinarians and Their Patients in Modern America (Animals, History, Culture)
by Susan D. JonesOver the course of the twentieth century, the relationship between Americans and their domestic animals has changed dramatically. In the 1890s, pets were a luxury, horses were the primary mode of transport, and nearly half of all Americans lived or worked on farms. Today, the pet industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business, keeping horses has become an expensive hobby, and consumers buy milk and meat in pristine supermarkets. Veterinarians have been very much a part of these changes in human-animal relationships. Indeed, the development of their profession—from horse doctor to medical scientist—provides an important perspective on these significant transformations in America's social, cultural, and economic history.In Valuing Animals, Susan D. Jones, trained as both veterinarian and historian, traces the rise of veterinary medicine and its impact on the often conflicting ways in which Americans have assessed the utility and worth of domesticated creatures. She first looks at how the eclipse of the horse by motorized vehicles in the early years of the century created a crisis for veterinary education, practice, and research. In response, veterinarians intensified their activities in making the livestock industry more sanitary and profitable. Beginning in the 1930s, veterinarians turned to the burgeoning number of house pets whose sentimental value to their owners translated into new market opportunities. Jones describes how vets overcame their initial doubts about the significance of this market and began devising new treatments and establishing appropriate standards of care, helping to create modern pet culture.Americans today value domestic animals for reasons that typically combine exploitation and companionship. Both controversial and compelling, Valuing Animals uncovers the extent to which veterinary medicine has shaped—and been shaped by—this contradictory attitude.
Valuing Assessment in Science Education: Pedagogy, Curriculum, Policy
by Alister Jones Richard Gunstone Deborah CorriganAssessment is a fundamental issue in research in science education, in curriculum development and implementation in science education as well as in science teaching and learning. This book takes a broad and deep view of research involving assessment in science education, across contexts and cultures (from whole countries to individual classrooms) and across forms and purposes (from assessment in the service of student learning to policy implications of system wide assessment). It examines the relationships between assessment, measurement and evaluation; explores assessment philosophies and practices in relation to curriculum and scientific literacy/learning; and details the relationships between assessment and science education policy. The third in a series, Valuing Assessment in Science Education has chapters from a range of international scholars from across the globe and staff from Monash University, King's College London and University of Waikato. The two previous books in the series examined research relevant to the re-emergence of values in science education and teaching across the spectrum of science education as well as across cultural contexts through the professional knowledge of science teaching. This third book now moves to examine different aspects of generating understanding about what science is learnt, how it is learnt, and how it is valued. Valuing Assessment in Science Education will appeal to all those with some engagement with and/or use of research in science education, including research students, academics, curriculum development agencies, assessment authorities, and policy makers. It will also be of interest to all classroom science teachers who seek to keep abreast of the latest research and development and thinking in their area of professional concern.
Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environmental Decision-making
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesNutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem services—even intangible ones—and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts.
Valuing the Built Environment: GIS and House Price Analysis
by Scott OrfordThis book critically assesses the hedonic pricing technique as a method of imputing monetary values for the implicit attributes of housing. The hedonic technique is widely used, particularly in the US, but increasingly in Europe and Asia and has proved to yield important results and influence cost-benefit analysis. Scott Orford breaks new ground in this volume by exploring hedonic house price models within a geographical rather than purely economic context. He reevaluates the microeconomic theory of housing markets and concludes that only by treating housing market dynamics as inherently spatial can empirical results conform to the theory that underpins them. He also makes conclusions with respect to locational externalities, which have important implications as to how the built environment is valued.
Valuing the Past, Sustaining the Future?: Exploring Coastal Societies, Childhood(s) and Local Knowledge in Times of Global Transition (MARE Publication Series #27)
by Anne Trine Kjørholt Sharon Bessell Dympna Devine Firouz Gaini Spyros SpyrouThis book explores questions related to social and cultural sustainability of coastal communities in transition through the lens of childhood. Contributors explore diverse local and national contexts spanning several countries aiming to shed light on the shifting and dynamic interplay between education, knowledge production, society and working life in coastal environments from an intergenerational perspective. Key points that are disclosed are:the current threat to the social and cultural sustainability of coastal communities in different local and national contexts, and the reason they must be preserved the centrality of processes of inter generational transmission of local knowledge to the preservation and development of sustainable coastal communitiesthe central role of children and young people as actors in creating sustainable livelihoods, economies and knowledge in coastal communities for the future?the practices across different country contexts The book will address the challenges to sustainability experienced by local communities in light of local, national and global social and economic changes. Looking at these challenges cross-nationally and through the lens of childhood, and knowledge production across generations, will provide for a much-needed perspective in ongoing discussion on sustainability in coastal communities.
Valvular Heart Disease: A Guide for Cardiovascular Nurses and Allied Health Professionals
by Marian C. Hawkey Sandra B. LauckThis book serves as the “go-to” resource for cardiovascular nurses and other health care practitioners involved in the care of patients with acquired valvular heart disease. It includes unique information about heart valve anatomy and pathophysiology, the complexity of clinical presentations and diagnostic evaluation, patient education and shared decision-making, surgical and transcatheter treatment options, and transition to palliative care. The content focuses primarily on the specialized care of patients with aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. In addition, this unique resource provides timely information to guide a patient-centred and team-driven approach that reflects contemporary and innovative practice in the management of valvular heart disease. The essential topics of strengthening the multidisciplinary Heart Team and programmatic processes of care, the priorities for nursing care, and the multifactorial challenges of managing this complex patient population are explored in detail. Importantly, this resource aims to support all clinicians who are involved in the various timepoints of patients’ full trajectory of care, from their evaluation pathway, admissions for treatment, and long term follow-up. Clinicians require contemporary knowledge and evidence to guide their practice, provide appropriate care for this complex patient population, and contribute to the advancement of practice. To date, there has been little emphasis placed on the management of valvular heart disease in cardiovascular nursing and allied health curriculum. This book fills this gap and addresses the pressing need for a user-friendly resource to guide the care for this growing population in a rapidly changing clinical environment. The editors are international leaders in the care and management of patients with acquired valvular heart disease and program development. They are widely recognized for their pioneering role in shaping the way we care for these patients.
VAMOS A DORMIR! (EBOOK)
by Martin GruenbergEs necesario dejar llorar a nuestro hijo para que aprenda a dormir? En este libro el doctor Martín Gruenberg, médico pediatra y apasionado investigador de los problemas del sueño infantil, explica que dejar llorar a un niño para enseñarle a dormir es una herramienta que, utilizada de manera inadecuada, puede resultar contraproducente. También nos enseña a reconocer las distintas etapas madurativas por las que puede estar atravesando nuestro hijo y cómo resolver los trastornos de sueño asociados a ellas, respetando sus necesidades afectivas y emocionales. Con ejemplos y sugerencias prácticas ofrece distintas soluciones para otros temas relacionados con el sueño, como el ronquido y la enuresis, y nos sorprende con consejos útiles y aplicables para poner límites claros de acuerdo a la edad de cada niño.
Vampire Forensics: Uncovering the Origins of an Enduring Legend
by Mark Collins JenkinsStories of immortal, night-crawling creatures who feed on victims' blood have frightened and entertained people worldwide since ancient times. In this book, historian Jenkins examines millennia of vampire legends to see what elements of truth (if any) lay behind them. While the author's recounting of folklore and history outweigh the scientific and forensic explanations that he provides for the persistence of vampire legends, this is nonetheless a very entertaining account of vampirism from ancient Persia through to the present day. The discussion of how the Black Plague and other diseases might be at the root of vampirism is alone worth the price of the book, and the excellent bibliography is especially welcome. Given the increased fascination with vampires since the 1990s, this book should have wide appeal. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Van der Waals Heterostructures: Fabrications, Properties, and Applications
by Yue Zhang Zheng Zhang Zhuo Kang Qingliang LiaoVan der Waals Heterostructures A comprehensive resource systematically detailing the developments and applications of van der Waals heterostructures and devices Van der Waals Heterostructures is essential reading to understand the developments made in van der Waals heterostructures and devices in all aspects, from basic synthesis to physical analysis and heterostructures assembling to devices applications, including demonstrated applications of van der Waals heterostructure on electronics, optoelectronics, and energy conversion, such as solar energy, hydrogen energy, batteries, catalysts, biotechnology, and more. This book starts from an in-depth introduction of van der Waals interactions in layered materials and the forming of mixed-dimensional heterostructures via van der Waals force. It then comprehensively summarizes the synthetic methods, devices building processes and physical mechanism of 2D van der Waals heterostructures, and devices including 2D-2D electronics, 2D-2D optoelectronics, and mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. In Van der Waals Heterostructures, readers can expect to find specific information on: The current library of 2D semiconductors and the current synthesis and performances of 2D semiconductors Controllable synthesis and assemble van der Waals heterostructures, physics of the van der Waals interface, and multi-field coupling effects 2D-2D electronics, 2D-2D optoelectronics, mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, and van der Waals heterostructure applications on energy conversion Insight into future perspectives of the van der Waals heterostructures and devices with the detailed effective role of 2D materials for integrated electrical and electronic equipment
Vanadium
by Hitoshi MichibataThe publication of Vanadium: Biochemical and Molecular Biological Approaches is particularly timely as it exactly coincides with the centennial anniversary of the discovery of vanadium by Professor Henze, in the blood cells of an ascidian (tunicate) collected in Gulf of Naples in 1911. Vanadium, atomic number 23, covers a wide range of oxidation states (from -2 to +5) and has unpaired electrons. Depending on these properties, a wide variety of enzymes and compounds containing vanadium have been found and the biochemical behaviour of vanadium has been investigated extensively. This monograph provides not only the basic properties and recent advances of vanadium chemistry but also presents recent topics on hyper-accumulators of vanadium, enzymatic roles of vanadium, biochemical functions of vanadium and medicinal functions of vanadium, which have been discovered by Biochemical and Molecular Biological Approaches. Vanadium: Biochemical and Molecular Biological Approaches is aimed at pure and applied chemists, biochemists, pharmaceutical and medical scientists.
Vanadium: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Practical Applications
by Alan S. Tracey Gail R. Willsky Esther S. TakeuchiThe first comprehensive resource on the chemistry of vanadium, Vanadium: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Practical Applications has evolved from over a quarter century of research that concentrated on delineating the aqueous coordination reactions that characterize the vanadium(V) oxidation state. The authors distill information o
Vanadium in Soils and Plants (Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment)
by Jörg RinklebeVanadium is an essential element for humans and animals. The toxicity of vanadium at higher concentrations could be a global environmental concern and a significant issue for both environmental protection and economic benefits. The relevance of anthropogenic vanadium in the environment has increased significantly in recent years due to an increased demand for vanadium in high-temperature industrial activities. This book summarizes vanadium’s current research and explains its behavior and mobilization in the environment, especially in soils, sediments, water and plants. Through case studies from various countries, it discusses critical limits set and risk assessment approaches and remediation approaches of vanadium-contaminated soils. FEATURES Provides a comprehensive overview of vanadium in the total environment Covers the role of vanadium in various environments such as soils, sediments, water and plants Includes bioavailability studies and further case studies from various countries around the world Focuses on a better understanding of biogeochemical processes of vanadium Is written by international experts who present the current stage of the knowledge including innovative remediation and management approaches of vanadium-contaminated sites This book will be of use to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in soil science, environmental science, soil ecology, water science, plant science, ecotoxicology, geology and geography as well as scientists, lecturers, environmental and technical engineers, ecologists, applied ecological scientists and managers.
Vanadium Oxide-Based Cathode for Supercapacitor Applications: Using Electrodeposition Method (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Hairus AbdullahThis book highlights the use/application of Vanadium Oxide as a Supercapacitor (SC) material using the electrodeposition method. The preparation methods, material characterization, and performance testing of VOx-based SC are thoroughly discussed. Electrolyte solutions from VCl3 and other metal precursors are used to form V3O5 electrodes on nickel foam (NF). The cathode can deliver a specific capacitance value of 5689 F/g. The work is improved by depositing V3O5 film on Ni(OH)2 to form a bilayer coating on NF substrate. Ni(OH)2 with a nano-sheet structure is used for the purpose of increasing the specific surface area of V3O5 layer which can achieve specific capacitance of 7500 F/g, the energy density of 167 Wh/kg, and the power density of 199 W/kg. After 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rate is 93%. Finally, a full cell SC is assembled using the bilayer electrode and active carbon. The asymmetric and symmetric full cells performed the specific capacitances of 390 F/g and 846 F/g, the energy densities of 286 Wh/kg and 170 Wh/kg, and the power densities of 1149 W/kg and 602 W/g, respectively. After 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rates of asymmetric and symmetric full cells are 97% and 95%, respectively.
Vanadiumgruppe: Eine Reise durch das Periodensystem (essentials)
by Hermann SiciusHermann Sicius stellt in diesem essential die Elemente der fünften Nebengruppe (Vanadiumgruppe) ausführlich vor. Er zeigt, dass diese Elemente teilweise reaktiv, aber gelegentlich auch sehr reaktionsträge sind, dass sie an der Luft lagernd von einer dünnen, passivierenden Oxidschicht vor weiterer Korrosion geschützt und auch in Säuren nur selten und dann nur unter Anwendung drastischer Methoden löslich sind. Die technische Anwendung zeigt der Autor für diese Elemente auf, die alle sehr harte, hochschmelzende Metalle sind und deren Verbindungen mit Kohlen- und Stickstoff teils extrem hochschmelzende, harte Schleifmaterialien darstellen, die man auch industriell einsetzt. Vanadium findet sich in Stahllegierungen, Tantal in medizinischen Implantaten, Ferroniob als Bestandteil von Gasturbinen oder Vanadium-V-oxid als Katalysator bei der Herstellung von Schwefelsäure.
Vander's Human Physiology
by Eric P. Widmaier Hershel Raff Kevin T. StrangEric Widmaier (Boston University), Hershel Raff (Medical College of Wisconsin), and Kevin Strang (University of Wisconsin) have taken on the challenge of maintaining the strengths and reputation of Vander’s Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. Moving beyond the listing of mere facts, it stressed the causal chains of events that constitute the mechanisms of body function. The fundamental purpose of this textbook is to present the principles and facts of human physiology in a format that is suitable for undergraduates regardless of academic background or field of study.
Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function 13th Edition
by Eric P. Widmaier Kevin T. Strang Hershel RaffVander's Human Physiology, thirteenth edition, carries on the tradition of clarity and accuracy, while refining and updating the content to meet the needs of today's instructors and students. The thirteenth edition features a streamlined, clinically oriented focus to the study of human body systems. It has also responded to reviewer requests for more clinical applications. Physiology Inquiries are maintained throughout the chapters. These critical-thinking questions associated with figures are just one more opportunity to add to the student's learning experience.
Vanilla (ISSN)
by Eric Odoux Michel GrisoniCultivated in an increasing number of countries, vanilla is a universally appreciated flavor that is consumed worldwide. However, most users are unaware of the plant from which the product comes. This book presents up-to-date reviews on the cultivation, curing, and uses of vanilla. The latest scientific data provides information on genetic status, resources, pests, diseases, cultural practices, biosynthesis of aromatic compounds, and aroma development. Leading contributors from around the world examine emergent countries for vanilla production, including China, India and Uganda. The text also explores the relationship between fruit development anatomy and flavor quality.
Vanished Giants: The Lost World of the Ice Age
by Anthony J. StuartFeaturing numerous illustrations, this book explores the many lessons to be learned from Pleistocene megafauna, including the role of humans in their extinction, their disappearance at the start of the Sixth Extinction, and what they might teach us about contemporary conservation crises. Long after the extinction of dinosaurs, when humans were still in the Stone Age, woolly rhinos, mammoths, mastodons, sabertooth cats, giant ground sloths, and many other spectacular large animals that are no longer with us roamed the Earth. These animals are regarded as “Pleistocene megafauna,” named for the geological era in which they lived—also known as the Ice Age. In Vanished Giants: The Lost World of the Ice Age, paleontologist Anthony J. Stuart explores the lives and environments of these animals, moving between six continents and several key islands. Stuart examines the animals themselves via what we’ve learned from fossil remains, and he describes the landscapes, climates, vegetation, ecological interactions, and other aspects of the animals’ existence. Illustrated throughout, Vanished Giants also offers a picture of the world as it was tens of thousands of years ago when these giants still existed. Unlike the case of the dinosaurs, there was no asteroid strike to blame for the end of their world. Instead, it appears that the giants of the Ice Age were driven to extinction by climate change, human activities—especially hunting—or both. Drawing on the latest evidence provided by radiocarbon dating, Stuart discusses these possibilities. The extinction of Ice Age megafauna can be seen as the beginning of the so-called Sixth Extinction, which is happening right now. This has important implications for understanding the likely fate of present-day animals in the face of contemporary climate change and vastly increasing human populations.
Vanishing America
by Miles A. PowellMiles Powell explores how early conservationists became convinced that the vitality of America's white races depended on preserving the wilderness. Some conservationists embraced scientific racism, eugenics, and restrictive immigration laws, but these activists also laid the groundwork for the many successes of the modern environmental movement.
Vanishing Bees: Science, Politics, and Honeybee Health
by Daniel Lee Kleinman Sainath SuryanarayananIn 2005, beekeepers in the United States began observing a mysterious and disturbing phenomenon: once-healthy colonies of bees were suddenly collapsing, leaving behind empty hives full of honey and pollen. Over the following decade, widespread honeybee deaths--some of which have come to be called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)--have continued to bedevil beekeepers and threaten the agricultural industries that rely on bees for pollination. Scientists continue to debate the causes of CCD, yet there is no clear consensus on how to best solve the problem. Vanishing Bees takes us inside the debates over widespread honeybee deaths, introducing the various groups with a stake in solving the mystery of CCD, including beekeepers, entomologists, growers, agrichemical companies, and government regulators. Drawing from extensive interviews and first-hand observations, Sainath Suryanarayanan and Daniel Lee Kleinman examine how members of each group have acquired, disseminated, and evaluated knowledge about CCD. In addition, they explore the often-contentious interactions among different groups, detailing how they assert authority, gain trust, and build alliances. As it explores the contours of the CCD crisis, Vanishing Bees considers an equally urgent question: what happens when farmers, scientists, beekeepers, corporations, and federal agencies approach the problem from different vantage points and cannot see eye-to-eye? The answer may have profound consequences for every person who wants to keep fresh food on the table.
The Vanishing Present: Wisconsin’s Changing Lands, Waters, and Wildlife
by Donald M. Waller Thomas P. RooneyStraddling temperate forests and grassland biomes and stretching along the coastline of two Great Lakes, Wisconsin contains tallgrass prairie and oak savanna, broadleaf and coniferous forests, wetlands, natural lakes, and rivers. But, like the rest of the world, the Badger State has been transformed by urbanization and sprawl, population growth, and land-use change. For decades, industry and environment have attempted to coexist in Wisconsin-- and the dynamic tensions between economic progress and environmental protection makes the state a fascinating microcosm for studying global environmental change. The Vanishing Present brings together a distinguished set of contributors-- including scientists, naturalists, and policy experts-- to examine how human pressures on Wisconsin's changing lands, waters, and wildlife have redefined the state's ecology. Though they focus on just one state, the authors draw conclusions about changes in temperate habitats that can be applied elsewhere, and offer useful insights into future of the ecology, conservation, and sustainability of Wisconsin and beyond. A fitting tribute to the home state of Aldo Leopold and John Muir, The Vanishing Present is an accessible and timely case study of a significant ecosystem and its response to environmental change.
Vanishing Treasures: A Bestiary of Extraordinary Endangered Creatures
by Katherine RundellA MOST ANTICIPATED BOOK FROM BOSTON GLOBE, CHICAGO TRIBUNE, & MORE • From the #1 New York Times bestselling author Katherine Rundell comes a &“rare and magical book&” (Bill Bryson) reckoning with the vanishing wonders of our natural world "Extraordinary...For anyone whose capacity for wonder could use a jumpstart, Rundell's essays are essential reading."—Maureen Corrigan, Fresh Air "This celebration of seahorses, lemurs, and others doubles as a wake-up call: look around and protect what you love.&” —Boston GlobeThe world is more astonishing, more miraculous, and more wonderful than our wildest imaginings. In this brilliant and passionately persuasive book, Katherine Rundell takes us on a globe-spanning tour of the world's most awe-inspiring animals currently facing extinction.Consider the seahorse: couples mate for life and meet each morning for a dance, pirouetting and changing colors before going their separate ways, to dance again the next day. The American wood frog survives winter by allowing itself to freeze solid, its heartbeat slowing until it stops altogether. Come spring, the heart kick-starts itself spontaneously back to life. As for the lemur, it lives in matriarchal troops led by an alpha female (it&’s not unusual for female ring-tailed lemurs to slap males across the face when they become aggressive). Whenever they are cold or frightened, they group together in what&’s known as a lemur ball, paws and tails intertwined, to form a furry mass as big as a bicycle wheel.But each of these extraordinary animals is endangered or holds a sub-species that is endangered. This urgent, inspiring book of essays dedicated to 23 unusual and underappreciated creatures is a clarion call insisting that we look at the world around us with new eyes—to see the magic of the animals we live among, their unknown histories and capabilities, and above all how lucky we are to tread the same ground as such vanishing treasures.Beautifully illustrated, and full of inimitable wit and intellect, Vanishing Treasures is a chance to be awestruck and lovestruck, to reckon with the beauty of the world, its fragility, and its strangeness.
Vannamei Shrimp Farming
by S. Felix Tzachi Samocha M. MenagaThis volume arose from an attempt to find a new way to approach the shrimp aquaculture’s future, facing up to the central insight that a global, technology-driven blue revolution will require new forms of governance to match the technological and social changes brought by innovative aquaculture practices. Each chapter contains evidence-based background information emphasizing core science, intended for the professional who already possesses a basic understanding of the principles of shrimp aquaculture and layout of each chapter includes a table of contents, materials and methodologies and a concluding set of objectives of the experimental study for the better understanding of the subject matter to the readers. The aim of this book is to provide a basic understanding of the modern culture techniques currently used in shrimp aquaculture research, primarily for vannamei, such that readers can develop an understanding of both the power and limitations of Intensive systems.Recently, in the scientific literature, there has been a profusion of information pertaining to many advanced culture systems such as raceways, reciruclatory aquaculture systems and many advanced culture practices such as biofloc technology and probiotics based culture practices.The material covered in the chapters of this book provides background to newcomers interested in Intensive shrimp culture techniques and a description of the current state of research and scientific understanding of advanced systems and standard management practices in regards to environmental sustainability of shrimp aquaculture would be much more helpful for the farmers and the industrial stakeholders. For researchers currently working in the field on specific culture systems and practices this text provides invaluable information that relates innovative intensive culture systems. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Vapor Crystal Growth and Characterization: ZnSe and Related II–VI Compound Semiconductors
by Ching-Hua SuThe book describes developments in the crystal growth of bulk II-VI semiconductor materials. A fundamental, systematic, and in-depth study of the physical vapor transport (PVT) growth process is the key to producing high-quality single crystals of semiconductors. As such, the book offers a comprehensive overview of the extensive studies on ZnSe and related II-VI wide bandgap compound semiconductors, such as CdS, CdTe, ZnTe, ZnSeTe and ZnSeS. Further, it shows the detailed steps for the growth of bulk crystals enabling optical devices which can operate in the visible spectrum for applications such as blue light emitting diodes, lasers for optical displays and in the mid-IR wavelength range, high density recording, and military communications.The book then discusses the advantages of crystallization from vapor compared to the conventional melt growth: lower processing temperatures, the purification process associated with PVT, and the improved surface morphology of the grown crystals, as well as the necessary drawbacks to the PVT process, such as the low and inconsistent growth rates and the low yield of single crystals. By presenting in-situ measurements of transport rate, partial pressures and interferometry, as well as visual observations, the book provides detailed insights into in the kinetics during the PVT process.This book is intended for graduate students and professionals in materials science as well as engineers preparing and developing optical devices with semiconductors.
Vapor Intrusion Simulations and Risk Assessments
by Yijun Yao Qiang ChenThis book introduces key concepts in modeling and risk assessments of vapor intrusion, a process by which the subsurface volatile contaminants migrate into the building of concern. Soil vapor intrusion is the major exposure pathway for building occupants to chemicals from the subsurface, and its risk assessments determine the criteria of volatile contaminants in soil/groundwater in brownfield redevelopment. The chapters feature the recent advances in vapor intrusion studies and practices, including analytical and numerical modeling of vapor intrusion, statistical findings of United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Vapor Intrusion Database and Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Databases, the challenges of preferential pathways, and the application of building pressure cycling methods, and field practices of vapor intrusion risk assessments at developed contaminated sites and in brownfield redevelopment. This volume also summarizes the advantages and limits of current applications in vapor intrusion risk assessment, laying the groundwork for future research of better understanding in risk characterization of soil vapor intrusion using models. Written by experts in this field, Vapor Intrusion Simulations and Risk Assessments will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers, regulators, and practitioners, who are interested in perceiving the basic knowledge and current advances in risk assessments of soil vapor intrusion.