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Untangling Complex Systems: A Grand Challenge for Science
by Pier GentiliComplex Systems are natural systems that science is unable to describe exhaustively. Examples of Complex Systems are both unicellular and multicellular living beings; human brains; human immune systems; ecosystems; human societies; the global economy; the climate and geology of our planet. This book is an account of a marvelous interdisciplinary journey the author made to understand properties of the Complex Systems. He has undertaken his trip, equipped with the fundamental principles of physical chemistry, in particular, the Second Law of Thermodynamics that describes the spontaneous evolution of our universe, and the tools of Non-linear dynamics. By dealing with many disciplines, in particular, chemistry, biology, physics, economy, and philosophy, the author demonstrates that Complex Systems are intertwined networks, working in out-of-equilibrium conditions, which exhibit emergent properties, such as self-organization phenomena and chaotic behaviors in time and space.
Untangling Complexity—Peace Building Engineering: Systems Thinking & Complexity Management to Support Community Development (Synthesis Lectures on Engineers, Technology, & Society #29)
by Camilo Andrés Navarro ForeroThis book examines how the rapid acceleration and interconnection of globalization comes with the need for more flexible and adaptable solutions to complex problems and solutions. It describes and demonstrates possible combinations of methods and methodologies to address the complex problems that the world offers us today. Sharing meaningful experiences of the application of workshops in mixed public private companies and with vulnerable communities and peacebuilding communities. The text offers readers, who are looking for tools to face complexity and enhance their projects, real-world examples and accessible methods. The book is based on advanced engineering tools however it is understandable and accessible to a broad audience.This book is for decision makers involved with social complex systems who are uncertain about how they should start and proceed. Discussions on new methodologies to support engineering interventions with communities are being shown. A new multi-methodology proposal called “Complexity Funnel Methodology” (CFM) dissected in “Social Transformation Workshops” (STW) is provided and discussed. It is used with combinations of different methods and methodologies of critical Systems thinking. The implementation of this methodology is described using a case study approach.
Untapped Knowledge in India’s E-Waste Industry: A Roadmap to Strengthen the Informal Economy (Palgrave Advances in the Economics of Innovation and Technology)
by T. S. KrishnanThis book focuses on the economic, political, and cultural factors that make up India’s “informal processors,” which are the highly networked, multi-generational systems that reuse, repurpose, and otherwise dispose of 80% of India’s electronic waste. The research includes insight from more than ninety interviews with forty-nine key stakeholders working within India’s e-waste processing industry. This vital resource explores the complexities of the e-waste industry, and it comprehensively explains the importance of developing context-specific solutions that leverage the inherent strengths of informal processors. The resulting resource offers a counterpoint to mainstream arguments that dismiss the value of expertise from informal processors.
Unternehmensplanung für Ingenieure (essentials)
by Ekbert HeringDie meisten Ingenieure in der Praxis übernehmen Führungsverantwortung. Dabei ist vor allem die Planungskompetenz gefragt. Es muss einerseits die nahe Zukunft geplant werden, beispielsweise für Umsätze, Ergebnisse und Liquiditäten von Sparten, Produkten und in Märkten für die nächsten drei Jahre. Andererseits ist es erforderlich, zukünftige Entwicklungen des Unternehmens in einem dynamischen Wettbewerbsumfeld zu planen. Diese strategische Planung ist die entscheidende Weichenstellung für den Erfolg der Zukunft. Deshalb werden in diesem Band die Methoden der strategischen und operativen Planung vorgestellt. In einem gesamtheitlichen Rahmen werden die Einzelpläne diskutiert (z. B. Umsatz-, Kosten-, Finanz- und Personalpläne) und ihr zeitlicher Horizont bestimmt sowie der zeitliche Ablauf vorgestellt.
Unterrichtskonzeptionen für den Physikunterricht: Ein Lehrbuch für Studium, Referendariat und Unterrichtspraxis
by Thomas Wilhelm Horst Schecker Martin HopfWelche Möglichkeiten habe ich für die Gestaltung des nächsten Themas meines Physikunterrichts? Diese Frage stellt sich Lehrkräften immer wieder. Dieses Lehrbuch hilft Lehramtsstudierenden, Referendaren und Lehrkräften dabei, Unterrichtskonzeptionen und ihre Leitideen besser zu verstehen und mögliche Alternativen für den eigenen Unterricht kennenzulernen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren stellen verschiedene Unterrichtskonzeptionen detailliert vor, die im deutschsprachigen Raum für den Physikunterricht entwickelt und in der Schulpraxis erprobt wurden. Zu allen Konzeptionen werden Quellen für Unterrichtsmaterialien angegeben. Die Kapitel beinhalten Übungen, die Leserinnen und Leser zum Durchdenken der Inhalte anregen.Im einführenden Kapitel des Werkes wird erläutert, in welchen Entwicklungszusammenhängen Unterrichtskonzeptionen entstehen. In vierzehn folgenden Themenkapiteln werden jeweils mehrere konkrete Unterrichtskonzeptionen mit ihren Leitideen und ihren Unterrichtsgängen vorgestellt. Die Inhaltsbereiche erstrecken sich vom Anfang der Sekundarstufe I bis hin zur gymnasialen Oberstufe. Dazu zählen u. a. die Optik, Mechanik, Wärmelehre, Elektrizitätslehre, Magnetismus, Felder, Quantenphysik, aber auch Nature of Science, fächerübergreifender Unterricht und prozessbezogene Kompetenzen.Die Leser und Leserinnen werden nach der Lektüre• Unterrichtskonzeptionen in wichtigen Gebieten der Schulphysik kennen,• wissen, was die jeweiligen Grundideen, Ziele und Elementarisierungen sind,• wissen, wo man Unterrichtsmaterialien zu den Unterrichtskonzeptionen findet,• die eigenen Vorstellungen, wie man ein Thema unterrichten sollte, durchdacht und überdacht haben.Leserinnen und Leser werden sich mit verschiedenen Zugängen, ein Thema zu unterrichten, beschäftigen und dadurch ihr Unterrichtsrepertoire erweitern können.
Unterrichtsmethoden für MINT-Fächer
by Andreas ZendlerMathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften (Biologie, Chemie, Physik) und Technik - seit Jahren findet in der breiten Öffentlichkeit eine angeregte Diskussion über diese sogenannten MINT-Fächer statt. Denn das in den MINT-Fächern vermittelte Wissen ist die unverzichtbare Grundlage für die Ausbildung der in Deutschland dringend benötigten Fachkräfte. Darum fordern Politik und Wirtschaft eine stärkere Gewichtung der Fächer, aber auch eine Verbesserung der Unterrichtsqualität. Dieses Buch stellt 20 verschiedene, wissenschaftlich fundierte Methoden für den MINT-Unterricht vor und erläutert die Rolle der digitalen Medien als fächerübergreifendes Element. Die interdisziplinäre Betrachtungsweise bietet Lehrern einen umfassenden Überblick über die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und Ansätze für den eigenen Unterricht. Für jede der vorgestellten Methoden geben die Autoren wissenschaftliche fundierte Einschätzungen zu ihrer Lerneffektivität und erleichtern so Lehrkräften die Auswahl der geeignetsten Methoden für den eigenen Unterricht. Detaillierte Unterrichtsmodelle helfen bei der Umsetzung in der Praxis. Damit erhalten Lehrer und Lehramtsstudenten einen umfassenden Einblick in die effektivsten Unterrichtsmodelle für ein prozess- und ergebnisorientiertes Lernen in den MINT-Fächern. Dieses Buch lässt sich ideal fächerübergreifend einsetzen und dient dazu, die Lerneffektivität speziell im MINT-Unterricht bei Schülerinnen und Schülern zu verbessern.
Untersuchungen zu Signaltransduktionsprozessen mit Hilfe kleiner chemischer Sonden
by Lihe ZhangIn diesem Buch wird ein umfangreiches Forschungsprogramm zur Erforschung von Signaltransduktionsprozessen mithilfe von Sonden mit kleinen Molekülen vorgestellt. Das Programm wurde von der National Natural Science Foundation of China während des 11. Fünfjahresplans ins Leben gerufen, der im Oktober 2008 begann und Ende 2016 abgeschlossen wurde. Der Bericht fasst zunächst die allgemeinen wissenschaftlichen Ziele und den aktuellen Stand der Signaltransduktionsforschung in China und an der internationalen Grenze zusammen. Basierend auf den neuen Methoden und Technologien, die im Bereich der niedermolekularen Sonden erreicht wurden, veranschaulicht dieses Buch die molekularen Schlüsselereignisse bei Signaltransduktionsprozessen in lebenden Systemen und zeigt die Regulation der Signaltransduktion auf. Dies trägt dazu bei, neue Ideen und Strategien für die Diagnose und Vorbeugung von schweren Krankheiten zu erforschen. Darüber hinaus werden in diesem Buch durch die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Biologie und Chemie einige wichtige wissenschaftliche Probleme in der Biologie gelöst und neue Entwicklungen auf diesen Gebieten gefördert. Zu diesen Bereichen gehören die Herstellung von Sonden aus kleinen Molekülen zur Untersuchung der Signaltransduktion und die Entwicklung von Nachweismethoden zur Erfassung von Informationen über die Aktivitäten von Biomakromolekülen. Aufgrund seines Umfangs ist das Buch für Forscher interessant, die in den Bereichen organische Chemie, Naturstoffchemie, medizinische Chemie, analytische Chemie und physikalische Chemie arbeiten. Es fördert auch die multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chemie, Medizin, Materialwissenschaft und Biologie.
Untethered Miniature Soft Robots: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications
by Li Zhang Jiachen Zhang Neng Xia Yue DongUntethered Miniature Soft Robots Reference on achieving contactless manipulation of soft robots, detailing high level concepts and perspectives and technical skills of soft robots Untethered Miniature Soft Robots: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications introduces the emerging field of miniature soft robots and summarizes the recent rapid development in the field to date, describing different types of functional materials to build miniature soft robots, such as silicone elastomer, carbon-based materials, hydrogels, liquid crystal polymer, flexible ferrofluid, and liquid metal, and covering the material properties, fabrication strategies, and functionalities in soft robots together with their underlying mechanisms. The book discusses magnetically, thermally, optically, and chemically actuated soft robots in depth, explores the many specific applications of miniature soft robots in biomedical, environmental, and electrical fields and summarizes the development of miniature soft robots based on soft matter, fabrication strategies, locomotion principles, sensing and actuation mechanisms. In closing, the text summarizes the opportunities and challenges faced by miniature soft robots, providing expert insight into the possible futures of this field. Written by four highly qualified academics, Untethered Miniature Soft Robots covers sample topics such as: Soft elastomer-based robots with programmable magnetization profiles and untethered soft robots based on template-aiding Working mechanisms of carbon-based materials, covering light-induced expansion and shrinkage, and humidity-induced deformation Designing microscale building blocks, modular assembly of building blocks based on Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) matrix, and inverse and forward design of modular morphing systems Material designs of magnetic liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) systems, multiple-stimuli responsiveness of magnetic LCE systems, and adaptive locomotion of magnetic LCE-based robots Controllable deformation and motion behaviors, as well as applications of ferrofluids droplet robots (FDRs), including cargo capturing, object sorting, liquid pumping/mixing, and liquid skin. Providing highly detailed and up-to-date coverage of the topic, Untethered Miniature Soft Robots serves as an invaluable and highly comprehensive reference for researchers working in this promising field across a variety of disciplines, including materials scientists, mechanical and electronics engineers, polymer chemists, and biochemists.
Unthinkable: An Extraordinary Journey Through the World's Strangest Brains
by Helen Thomson'Wonderfully clear, fluent and eye-opening' THE TIMES'A stirring scientific journey, a celebration of human diversity and a call to rethink the "unthinkable"' NATURE'An utterly fascinating romp around the nether regions of the human mind' BIG ISSUEIMAGINE . . . getting lost in a one-room flat; seeing auras; never forgetting a moment; a permanent orchestra in your head; turning into a tiger; life as an out-of-body experience; feeling other people's pain; being convinced you are dead; becoming a different person overnight.Our brains are far stranger than we think. We take it for granted that we can remember, feel emotion, navigate, empathise and understand the world around us, but how would our lives change if these abilities were dramatically enhanced - or disappeared overnight? Award-winning science writer Helen Thomson has spent years travelling the world tracking down incredibly rare brain disorders. In Unthinkable she tells the stories of nine extraordinary people. From the man who thinks he's a tiger to the doctor who feels the pain of others just by looking at them, their experiences illustrate how the brain can shape our lives in unexpected and, in some cases, brilliant and alarming ways. Delving into the rich histories of these conditions, exploring the very latest research and cutting-edge medical techniques, Thomson explains the workings of our consciousness, our emotions, our creativity and even the mechanisms that allow us to understand our own existence. Story by remarkable story, Unthinkable takes us on an unforgettable journey through the human brain. Discover how to forge memories that never disappear, how to grow an alien limb and how to make better decisions. Learn how to hallucinate and how to make yourself happier in a split second. Find out how to avoid getting lost, how to see more of your reality, even how exactly you can confirm you are alive. Think the unthinkable.
Unthinkable: An Extraordinary Journey Through the World's Strangest Brains
by Helen ThomsonHow the mind works -- everything from memory to emotion, navigation to creativity -- explained in nine extraordinary human stories.IMAGINE . . . getting lost in a one-room flat; seeing auras; never forgetting a moment; a permanent orchestra in your head; turning into a tiger; life as an out-of-body experience; feeling other people's pain; being convinced you are dead; becoming a different person overnight.Our brains are far stranger than we think. We take it for granted that we can remember, feel emotion, navigate, empathise and understand the world around us, but how would our lives change if these abilities were dramatically enhanced - or disappeared overnight? Award-winning science writer Helen Thomson has spent years travelling the world tracking down incredibly rare brain disorders. In Unthinkable she tells the stories of nine extraordinary people. From the man who thinks he's a tiger to the doctor who feels the pain of others just by looking at them, their experiences illustrate how the brain can shape our lives in unexpected and, in some cases, brilliant and alarming ways. Delving into the rich histories of these conditions, exploring the very latest research and cutting-edge medical techniques, Thomson explains the workings of our consciousness, our emotions, our creativity and even the mechanisms that allow us to understand our own existence. Story by remarkable story, Unthinkable takes us on an unforgettable journey through the human brain. Discover how to forge memories that never disappear, how to grow an alien limb and how to make better decisions. Learn how to hallucinate and how to make yourself happier in a split second. Find out how to avoid getting lost, how to see more of your reality, even how exactly you can confirm you are alive. Think the unthinkable.(P)2018 John Murray Press
Unthinkable: An Extraordinary Journey Through the World's Strangest Brains
by Helen ThomsonIn this Indiebound bestseller, the award-winning science writer unlocks the biggest mysteries of the human brain by examining nine extraordinary cases.Our brains are far stranger than we think. We take it for granted that we can remember, feel emotion, navigate, empathize and understand the world around us, but how would our lives change if these abilities were dramatically enhanced—or disappeared overnight?Helen Thomson has spent years travelling the world, tracking down incredibly rare brain disorders. In Unthinkable she tells the stories of nine extraordinary people she encountered along the way. From the man who thinks he’s a tiger to the doctor who feels the pain of others just by looking at them to a woman who hears music that’s not there, their experiences illustrate how the brain can shape our lives in unexpected and, in some cases, brilliant and alarming ways.Story by remarkable story, Unthinkable takes us on an unforgettable journey through the human brain. Discover how to forge memories that never disappear, how to grow an alien limb and how to make better decisions. Learn how to hallucinate and how to make yourself happier in a split second. Find out how to avoid getting lost, how to see more of your reality, even how exactly you can confirm you are alive. Think the unthinkable.“Helen Thomson’s remarkable book is an astonishing tour of the human brain in all its awesome power and bewildering variation . . . Unthinkable will enrich your brain, blow your mind, and warm your heart.” —Ed Yong, Pulitzer Prize-winning author
Unthought: The Power of the Cognitive Nonconscious
by N. Katherine HaylesN. Katherine Hayles is known for breaking new ground at the intersection of the sciences and the humanities. In Unthought, she once again bridges disciplines by revealing how we think without thinking—how we use cognitive processes that are inaccessible to consciousness yet necessary for it to function. Marshalling fresh insights from neuroscience, cognitive science, cognitive biology, and literature, Hayles expands our understanding of cognition and demonstrates that it involves more than consciousness alone. Cognition, as Hayles defines it, is applicable not only to nonconscious processes in humans but to all forms of life, including unicellular organisms and plants. Startlingly, she also shows that cognition operates in the sophisticated information-processing abilities of technical systems: when humans and cognitive technical systems interact, they form “cognitive assemblages”—as found in urban traffic control, drones, and the trading algorithms of finance capital, for instance—and these assemblages are transforming life on earth. The result is what Hayles calls a “planetary cognitive ecology,” which includes both human and technical actors and which poses urgent questions to humanists and social scientists alike. At a time when scientific and technological advances are bringing far-reaching aspects of cognition into the public eye, Unthought reflects deeply on our contemporary situation and moves us toward a more sustainable and flourishing environment for all beings.
Until Darwin, Science, Human Variety and the Origins of Race
by B Ricardo BrownThis work fills a gap in recent studies on the history of race and science. Focusing on both the classification systems of human variety and the development of science as the arbiter of truth, Brown looks at the rise of the emerging sciences of life and society – biology and sociology – as well as the debate surrounding slavery and abolition.
Until Proven Safe: The History and Future of Quarantine
by Geoff Manaugh Nicola TwilleyGeoff Manaugh and Nicola Twilley have been researching quarantine since long before the COVID-19 pandemic. With Until Proven Safe, they bring us a book as compelling as it is definitive, not only urgent reading for social-distanced times but also an up-to-the-minute investigation of the interplay of forces–––biological, political, technological––that shape our modern world.Quarantine is our most powerful response to uncertainty: it means waiting to see if something hidden inside us will be revealed. It is also one of our most dangerous, operating through an assumption of guilt. In quarantine, we are considered infectious until proven safe.Until Proven Safe tracks the history and future of quarantine around the globe, chasing the story of emergency isolation through time and space—from the crumbling lazarettos of the Mediterranean, built to contain the Black Death, to an experimental Ebola unit in London, and from the hallways of the CDC to closed-door simulations where pharmaceutical execs and epidemiologists prepare for the outbreak of a novel coronavirus.But the story of quarantine ranges far beyond the history of medical isolation. In Until Proven Safe, the authors tour a nuclear-waste isolation facility beneath the New Mexican desert, see plants stricken with a disease that threatens the world’s wheat supply, and meet NASA’s Planetary Protection Officer, tasked with saving Earth from extraterrestrial infections. They also introduce us to the corporate tech giants hoping to revolutionize quarantine through surveillance and algorithmic prediction.We live in a disorienting historical moment that can feel both unprecedented and inevitable; Until Proven Safe helps us make sense of our new reality through a thrillingly reported, thought-provoking exploration of the meaning of freedom, governance, and mutual responsibility.
Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter, and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe
by Brian GreeneFrom the world-renowned physicist and best-selling author of The Elegant Universe comes this captivating exploration of deep time and humanity's search for purpose. <P><P>Until the End of Time is Brian Greene's breathtaking new exploration of the cosmos and our quest to understand it. Greene takes us on a journey across time, from our most refined understanding of the universe's beginning, to the closest science can take us to the very end. He explores how life and mind emerged from the initial chaos, and how our minds, in coming to understand their own impermanence, seek in different ways to give meaning to experience: in narrative, myth, religion, creative expression, science, the quest for truth, and our longing for the eternal. <P><P>Through a series of nested stories that explain distinct but interwoven layers of reality--from quantum mechanics to consciousness to black holes--Greene provides us with a clearer sense of how we came to be, a finer picture of where we are now, and a firmer understanding of where we are headed. With this grand tour of the universe, beginning to end, Brian Greene allows us all to grasp and appreciate our fleeting but utterly exquisite moment in the cosmos. <P><P><b>A New York Times Bestseller</b>
Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior
by Elliot Sober David Sloan WilsonNo matter what we do, however kind or generous our deeds may seem, a hidden motive of selfishness lurks—or so science has claimed for years. This book, whose publication promises to be a major scientific event, tells us differently. In Unto Others philosopher Elliott Sober and biologist David Sloan Wilson demonstrate once and for all that unselfish behavior is in fact an important feature of both biological and human nature. Their book provides a panoramic view of altruism throughout the animal kingdom—from self-sacrificing parasites to insects that subsume themselves in the superorganism of a colony to the human capacity for selflessness—even as it explains the evolutionary sense of such behavior. Explaining how altruistic behavior can evolve by natural selection, this book finally gives credence to the idea of group selection that was originally proposed by Darwin but denounced as heretical in the 1960s. With their account of this controversy, Sober and Wilson offer a detailed case study of scientific change as well as an indisputable argument for group selection as a legitimate theory in evolutionary biology. Unto Others also takes a novel evolutionary approach in explaining the ultimate psychological motives behind unselfish human behavior. Developing a theory of the proximate mechanisms that most likely evolved to motivate adaptive helping behavior, Sober and Wilson show how people and perhaps other species evolved the capacity to care for others as a goal in itself. A truly interdisciplinary work that blends biology, philosophy, psychology, and anthropology, this book will permanently change not just our view of selfless behavior but also our understanding of many issues in evolutionary biology and the social sciences.
The Untold Stories of the Space Shuttle Program: Unfulfilled Dreams and Missions that Never Flew (Springer Praxis Books)
by Davide SivolellaIn September 1969, several months after the Apollo 11 lunar landing, President Richard M. Nixon established the Space Task Force to chart NASA’s path for the decades to come. This imaginative vision was shattered less than six months later when, on January 13, 1970, NASA Administrator Dr. Thomas Paine announced that, owing to funding cuts, only the reusable Space Shuttle could be afforded -- there would be no space station, no return to the Moon, and no missions to Mars. This is a story never before told about the missions and technologies that NASA had begun to plan but never fully realized. The book is a companion to the author’s previous two works on the Space Shuttle. Whereas the first two books showed how the Space Shuttle flew in space and what the program accomplished, this book explains what more the Space Shuttle could have achieved and how the space transportation system could have further matured if circumstances had been otherwise. A final chapter also discusses how some of these plans might be resurrected in future programs.
Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non-coding Elements: Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression
by Lucy W. Barrett Sue Fletcher Steve D. WiltonThere is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as "junk DNA", it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5' and 3' untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This book discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.
Unusual Friendships: Symbiosis in the Animal World
by Larry Dane BrimnerExplores the fascinating and surprising relationships formed by different species for survival, protection, or food.
Unusual Life Cycles of Amphibians (Unusual Life Cycles)
by Jaclyn JaycoxHave you ever heard of a frog that freezes solid in winter? What about a toad that carries its eggs on its back? Young readers will learn all about wood frogs, suriname toads, and other amphibians with unusual life cycles.
Unusual Life Cycles of Birds (Unusual Life Cycles)
by Jaclyn JaycoxHave you ever heard of a bird that lays its eggs on the ground instead of in a nest? What about a bird that lays eggs in other birds' nests? Young readers will learn all about killdeers, cuckoo birds, and other birds with unusual life cycles.
Unusual Life Cycles of Fish (Unusual Life Cycles)
by Jaclyn JaycoxHave you ever heard of a male fish that carries eggs? What about a fish that gives birth to live young? Young readers will learn about seahorses, guppies, and other fish with unusual life cycles.
Unusual Life Cycles of Invertebrates (Unusual Life Cycles)
by Jaclyn JaycoxHave you ever heard of an invertebrate that spends its whole life inside another animal? What about a beetle that spends most of its life underground? Young readers will learn all about lancet flukes, Hercules beetles, and other invertebrates with unusual life cycles.
Unusual Life Cycles of Mammals (Unusual Life Cycles)
by Jaclyn JaycoxHave you ever heard of a mammal that lays eggs? What about a mammal that can give birth to 50 babies at once? Young readers learn all about echidnas, Tasmanian devils, and other mammals with unusual life cycles.
Unusual Life Cycles of Reptiles (Unusual Life Cycles)
by Jaclyn JaycoxHave you ever heard of a reptile that spends most of its life in an egg? What about a reptile that has to lay its eggs on the same beach where it was hatched? Young readers will learn all about Madagascar chameleons, sea turtles, and other reptiles with unusual life cycles.