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Trends in Mechatronics Systems: Industry 4.0 Perspectives (Emerging Trends in Mechatronics)
by Ajay Kumar Aydin Azizi Parveen KumarThis book consists of twelve chapters covering the design aspects, their feasibility, mathematical modeling by numerical, experimental, computational and simulation approaches. It discusses how different internet technologies integrate mechatronics systems with people, products and complex systems. The methodology and tools included in this book focus on contemporary aspects of integrating Industry 4.0 and mechatronics systems for new means and models to achieve a sustainable green environment. Readers will get an insight into the current development of mechatronics systems in the context of scientific disciplines and present new results of research and development, indicating the trends of development in this interdisciplinary field.
Trends in Molecular Electrochemistry
by Armando J.L. PombciroChemists increasingly apply electrochemical methods to the investigation of their systems, in particular towards a better understanding of molecular properties, the exploration of chemical reactions involving electron-transfer (ET), the initiation of further reactions by ET, the kinetic measurements, and the establishment of the reaction mechanisms
Trends in Nanophysics
by Alexandru Aldea Victor Bârsan"Trends in Nanophysics" contains reviews on various domains of nanotechnology such as: radiation-induced polymerization, cross-linking and grafting; Mossbauer study of nanomaterials; biomedical applications of nanomaterials; organic thin films for photovoltaics; growth and characterization of semiconductor nanowires; graphene and carbon nanotubes; fractional statistics in nanophysics; nanomechanical properties of materials; ab-initio simulations in nanoscience; fabrication and characterization of ordered atomic-scale structures; plasmonics; and nano-optical studies of motile structures of neuronal cells. These reviews cover key issues from experimental and theoretical nanophysics and are interesting for active researchers as well as for graduate and undergraduate students in the nanoscience field.
Trends in Nanoscale Mechanics
by Vasyl HarikThis book contains a collection of the state-of-the-art reviews written by the leading researchers in the areas of nanoscale mechanics, molecular dynamics, nanoscale modeling of nanocomposites and mechanics of carbon nanotubes. No other book provides reviews of recent discoveries such as a nanoscale analog of the Pauli's principle, i. e. , effect of the spatial exclusion of electrons or the SEE effect, a new Registry Matrix Analysis for the nanoscale interfacial sliding and new data on the effective viscosity of interfacial electrons in nanoscale stiction at the interfaces. This volume is also an exceptional resource on the well tested nanoscale modeling of carbon nanotubes and nanocomposites, new nanoscale effects, unique evaluations of the effective thickness of carbon nanotubes under different loads, new data on which size of carbon nanotubes is safer and many other topics. Extensive bibliography concerning all these topics is included along with the lucid short reviews. Numerous illustrations are provided for molecular dynamic simulations, fascinating nanoscale phenomena and remarkable new effects. It is of interest to a wide range of researchers and students.
Trends in Plant Biotechnology
by Imran Ul Haq Siddra Ijaz Hayssam Mohamed AliThis book explains the advancements of plant biotechnology and advanced molecular biology and explores the details of influential tools that complement conventional breeding and accelerate the development of plants resilient to adverse agroclimatic conditions and biofortified plants. Plant biotechnology from the basic sciences to current applications, such as pathway engineering, precursor feeding, transformation, elicitation with biotic and abiotic elicitors, and scaling up in bioreactors, have been included in these chapters to improve the production of secondary metabolites from different medicinal plants. It also highlights important factors often overlooked by methodologies used to develop plants' tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and in developing special foods, bio-chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. This book is valuable for researchers or students working on biosciences. It is also an updated and advanced reference material for the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.
Trends in Plant Disease Assessment
by Imran Ul Haq Siddra IjazThis edited book provides the readers with the concepts and in-depth knowledge of plant disease assessment and conventional and modern technologies that aid in precise and accurate phytomathometery. This book discusses the evolution of plant disease assessment procedures from the primary visual estimation-based assessment to modern approaches, their practical application for reliable disease quantification, yield loss estimation, and the efficacy of disease control strategies for sustainable crop protection. Significant information is provided on the major aspects of the topic, including remote sensing, imaging techniques, molecular phytopathometery, microarray, and immunotechnology. The book helps plant scientists, plant pathologists, practitioners, researchers, and students in disease quantification, developing predictive models for plant disease epidemics, assessing crop losses, and the magnitude of plant disease control methods. This book describes the classical plant disease assessment methods based on visual observations. It Provides information regarding the modern and emerging technologies in Phytopathometery, precision, and accuracy. This book also discusses the application of disease assessments in predictive models, disease warning systems, expert systems, and decision support systems in applied plant pathology.
Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Five (Interviews with Global Leaders in Policing, Courts, and Prisons #1)
by Dilip K. Das Bruce F. BakerTrends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Five, is based on the premise that police officials have a wealth of experience that can make significant contributions to our understanding of the prospects and problems of policing today. Each chapter consists of an interview with a policing leader that explores their understanding of policing developments and current challenges in their countries and internationally, and examines how they evaluate or interpret these developments.
Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Four (Interviews with Global Leaders in Policing, Courts, and Prisons)
by Dilip K. Das Bruce F. BakerTrends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Four, is the latest installment in a series of insightful interviews with senior police executives worldwide. The book offers readers an unparalleled insider‘s perspective on police goals, practices, and management in nationwide, regional, and city environments. Conducted b
Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Three (Interviews with Global Leaders in Policing, Courts, and Prisons)
by Dilip K. Das Otwin MareninSeveral years ago, the Trends in Policing series unveiled insiders accounts of how police leaders perceive the work they do. These volumes feature interviews with practitioners who speak candidly about their concerns and opinions. They present their evaluations of programs and philosophies that worked and those that did not, describe their concept
Trends in Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching: New Perspectives and Applications
by Jamuna A Bai V. Ravishankar RaiThe book on Trends in Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching: New Perspectives and Applications focuses on the recent advances in the field of quorum sensing in bacteria and the novel strategies developed for quorum sensing inhibition. The topics covered are multidisciplinary and wide-ranging,and includes quorum sensing phenomenon in pathogenic bacteria, food spoilers, and agriculturally relevant bacteria. The applications of quorum sensing inhibitors such as small molecules, bioactives, natural compounds, and quorum quenching enzymes in controlling bacterial infections in clinical settings, agriculture and aquaculture are discussed. The potential use of quorum quenching enzymes for mitigating biofouling is also covered. Special focus is given to exploring quorum sensing inhibitors from microbes and flora inhabiting biodiversity rich regions including tropical rain forests and marine environments. Key features: Covers the fundamental aspects, the progress and challenges in the field of quorum sensing and quorum quenching Reviews quorum sensing in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of clinical, agricultural, and industrial relevance Discusses the application and future trends of quorum sensing inhibitors from lab to clinical and environmental settings Provides comprehensive coverage on molecular mechanisms in bacterial signaling
Trends in Stem Cell Biology and Technology
by Hossein BaharvandThe study of stem cell research has recently gained the attention from a growing, multidisciplinary community of scientists; this exponential growth of interest is driven by the hope of discovering cures for several diseases through transplantation medicine. Trends in Stem Cells Biology and Technology aptly serves this developing community as it reveals new aspects of stem cell research by specifically covering studies focused on spermatogonial stem cells, uniparental embryonic stem cell lines, the generation of gametes from stem cells, reprogramming germ cells to stem cells, nuclear and somatic cell genetic reprogramming, tissue engineering and mechanotransduction of stem cells and finally the development of stem cell technologies for the treatment of deafness, heart disease, corneal injury and diabetes. With contributions by leading scientists and renowned scholars, Trends in Stem Cells Biology and Technology offers a wide audience cutting edge information at a crucial time in this ever expanding field.
Trends in Stem Cell Proliferation and Cancer Research
by Henning Ulrich Rodrigo R. ResendeThe book will discuss the molecular mechanisms of cancer diseases, stem cell proliferation and transformation into cancer cells beyond the physiological processes that occur in normal stem cell biology. Some of the key oncogenic events in cancer and their signaling pathways that regulate cell division cycle progression will be described considering prospects for using such knowledge in advanced cancer therapy. Each chapter shall provide an invaluable resource for information on the most current advances in the field, with discussion of controversial issues and areas of emerging importance
Trends in Teaching Experimentation in the Life Sciences: Putting Research into Practice to Drive Institutional Change (Contributions from Biology Education Research)
by Nancy J. Pelaez Stephanie M. Gardner Trevor R. AndersonThis book is a guide for educators on how to develop and evaluate evidence-based strategies for teaching biological experimentation to thereby improve existing and develop new curricula. It unveils the flawed assumptions made at the classroom, department, and institutional level about what students are learning and what help they might need to develop competence in biological experimentation.Specific case studies illustrate a comprehensive list of key scientific competencies that unpack what it means to be a competent experimental life scientist. It includes explicit evidence-based guidelines for educators regarding the teaching, learning, and assessment of biological research competencies. The book also provides practical teacher guides and exemplars of assignments and assessments. It contains a complete analysis of the variety of tools developed thus far to assess learning in this domain.This book contributes to the growth of public understanding of biological issues including scientific literacy and the crucial importance of evidence-based decision-making around public policy. It will be beneficial to life science instructors, biology education researchers and science administrators who aim to improve teaching in life science departments.Chapters 6, 12, 14 and 22 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Trends in Teaching-Learning Technologies: Proceedings of NERC 2022
by Uday Shanker Dixit John Jose Hemant B. Kaushik Bithiah Grace JaganathanThe book provides an insight into various facets of teaching and learning methodologies assisted by the technological advancements. The primary goal is to share with the readers about different experiences of technical as well as non-technical institutes in teaching and learning methodologies for improving the existing procedures. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and research.
Trends in Veterinary Sciences
by Alberto Gaiti Cristiano Boiti Antonio Pugliese Adriana FerlazzoVeterinary science is continuously achieving important developments in all its fields as a result of continuous technological advances in diagnostic tools and applied biology. This book contains 33 papers that were selected from those presented at the 65th Congress of the Italian Society for Veterinary Sciences held at Tropea-Drapia in 2011. It provides a timely overview of the current progress being made by Italian researchers and is of great value to anyone interested in all fields of veterinary science, both theoretical and applied, ranging from animal health and care to animal production and food hygiene.
Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists
by National Research CouncilIn each year between 1994 and 1996, more than 7,000 individuals received a Ph.D. in life-science, and the number of graduates is rising sharply. If present trends continue, about half of those graduates will have found permanent positions as independent researchers within ten years after graduation. These statistics--and the labor market situation they reflect--can be viewed either positively or negatively depending on whether one is a young scientist seeking a career or an established investigator whose productivity depends on the labor provided by an abundant number of graduate students.This book examines the data concerning the production of doctorates in life-science and the changes in the kinds of positions graduates have obtained. It discusses the impact of those changes and suggests ways to deal with the challenges of supply versus demand for life-science Ph.D. graduates. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists will serve as an information resource for young scientists deciding on career paths and as a basis for discussion by educators and policymakers as they examine the current system of education linked to research and decide if changes in that system are needed.
Trends in the Judiciary: Interviews with Judges Across the Globe, Volume Two (Interviews with Global Leaders in Policing, Courts, and Prisons)
by David Lowe Dilip K. Das Michael M. BerlinThe term judicial opinion can be a misnomer as rarely are judges true feelings on legal issues and the work they do made available to the public. Judges are constrained when writing decisions to follow the law and leave personal commentary aside. Through a series of revealing interviews, this book gathers empirical data from judges and justices fr
Trends in the Systematics of Bacteria and Fungi
by David Smith Erko Stackebrandt Paul BridgeMethods in microbial systematics have developed and changed significantly in the last 40 years. This has resulted in considerable change in both the defining microbial species and the methods required to make reliable identifications. Developments in information technology have enabled ready access to vast amounts of new and historic data online. Establishing both the relevance, and the most appropriate use, of this data is now a major consideration when undertaking identifications and systematic research. This book provides some insights into how current methods and resources are being used in microbial systematics, together with some thoughts and suggestions as to how both methodologies and concepts may develop in the future. It includes coverage of: The philosophy and changes in microbial systematics, including the relevance of names, new concepts of species, and the issues encountered with species that cannot be grown in culture. The application of new identification technologies, specifically those based on nucleic acids and complex chemo-taxonomic methods. The challenges of using published databases and other data resources in arriving at an identification appropriate to current species concepts. The practical requirements of an identification: obtaining and verifying reference cultures and data, and the type and level of identification required by different users. This book is suitable for academic researchers, scientists involved with identification or survey, microbiologists, students and extension workers.
Trends of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for E-Health (Integrated Science #9)
by Safwan Halabi Houneida Sakly Kristen Yeom Mourad Said Jayne Seekins Moncef TaginaThis book aims to present the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data in healthcare for medical decision making and data analysis in myriad fields including Radiology, Radiomics, Radiogenomics, Oncology, Pharmacology, COVID-19 prognosis, Cardiac imaging, Neuroradiology, Psychiatry and others. This will include topics such as Artificial Intelligence of Thing (AIOT), Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), Distributed learning, Blockchain of Internet of Things (BIOT), Cybersecurity, and Internet of (Medical) Things (IoTs). Healthcare providers will learn how to leverage Big Data analytics and AI as methodology for accurate analysis based on their clinical data repositories and clinical decision support. The capacity to recognize patterns and transform large amounts of data into usable information for precision medicine assists healthcare professionals in achieving these objectives. Intelligent Health has the potential to monitor patients at risk with underlying conditions and track their progress during therapy. Some of the greatest challenges in using these technologies are based on legal and ethical concerns of using medical data and adequately representing and servicing disparate patient populations. One major potential benefit of this technology is to make health systems more sustainable and standardized. Privacy and data security, establishing protocols, appropriate governance, and improving technologies will be among the crucial priorities for Digital Transformation in Healthcare.
Trends of the Agricultural Sector in Era 4.0 (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Vítor João MartinhoThis book describes the impact on the agricultural sector worldwide of Era 4.0, highlighting the relationships between agriculture, food and industry (4.0). The main topics discussed are those associated with IoT in various sectors of the economy and its impacts on farming sustainability. It provides insights for policy makers, students, researchers and economic stakeholders.
Trepanation (Studies on Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition)
by Stanley Finger Robert Arnott C.U.M. SmithThis volume will look at the history of trepanation, the identification of skulls, the tools used to make the cranial openings, and theories as to why trepanation might have been performed many thousands of years ago.
Trespassing on Einstein's Lawn
by Amanda GefterIn a memoir of family bonding and cutting-edge physics for readers of Brian Greene's The Hidden Reality and Jim Holt's Why Does the World Exist?, Amanda Gefter tells the story of how she conned her way into a career as a science journalist--and wound up hanging out, talking shop, and butting heads with the world's most brilliant minds. At a Chinese restaurant outside of Philadelphia, a father asks his fifteen-year-old daughter a deceptively simple question: "How would you define nothing?" With that, the girl who once tried to fail geometry as a conscientious objector starts reading up on general relativity and quantum mechanics, as she and her dad embark on a life-altering quest for the answers to the universe's greatest mysteries. Before Amanda Gefter became an accomplished science writer, she was a twenty-one-year-old magazine assistant willing to sneak her and her father, Warren, into a conference devoted to their physics hero, John Wheeler. Posing as journalists, Amanda and Warren met Wheeler, who offered them cryptic clues to the nature of reality: The universe is a self-excited circuit, he said. And, The boundary of a boundary is zero. Baffled, Amanda and Warren vowed to decode the phrases--and with them, the enigmas of existence. When we solve all that, they agreed, we'll write a book. Trespassing on Einstein's Lawn is that book, a memoir of the impassioned hunt that takes Amanda and her father from New York to London to Los Alamos. Along the way, they bump up against quirky science and even quirkier personalities, including Leonard Susskind, the former Bronx plumber who invented string theory; Ed Witten, the soft-spoken genius who coined the enigmatic M-theory; even Stephen Hawking. What they discover is extraordinary: the beginnings of a monumental paradigm shift in cosmology, from a single universe we all share to a splintered reality in which each observer has her own. Reality, the Gefters learn, is radically observer-dependent, far beyond anything of which Einstein or the founders of quantum mechanics ever dreamed--with shattering consequences for our understanding of the universe's origin. And somehow it all ties back to that conversation, to that Chinese restaurant, and to the true meaning of nothing. Throughout their journey, Amanda struggles to make sense of her own life--as her journalism career transforms from illusion to reality, as she searches for her voice as a writer, as she steps from a universe shared with her father to at last carve out one of her own. It's a paradigm shift you might call growing up. By turns hilarious, moving, irreverent, and profound, Trespassing on Einstein's Lawn weaves together story and science in remarkable ways. By the end, you will never look at the universe the same way again.Advance praise for Trespassing on Einstein's Lawn "This is the most charming book ever written about the fundamental nature of reality. Amanda Gefter sounds like your best friend telling you a captivating story, but really she's teaching you about some of the deepest ideas in modern physics and cosmology. Trespassing on Einstein's Lawn is a delight from start to finish."--Sean Carroll, theoretical physicist and author of The Particle at the End of the UniverseFrom the Hardcover edition.
Trex
by Christyne MorrellThis middle grade mystery follows the adventures of a boy with an experimental brain implant, and a reclusive girl training to be a spy, as they're pitted against school bullies, their own parents, and an evil, brain-hacking corporation. Perfect for fans of Stranger Things. Trex&’s experimental brain implant saved his life—but it also made his life a lot harder. Now he shocks everything he touches. When his overprotective mother finally agrees to send him to a real school for sixth grade, Trex is determined to fit in.He wasn&’t counting on Mellie the Mouse. She lives in the creepiest house in Hopewell Hill, where she spends her time scowling, lurking, ignoring bullies, and training to be a spy. Mellie is convinced she saw lightning shoot from Trex&’s fingertips, and she is Very Suspicious.And she should be . . . but not of Trex. Someone mysterious is lurking in the shadows . . . someone who knows a dangerous secret.
Trial Designs and Outcomes in Dementia Therapeutic Research
by Serge Gauthier Kenneth RockwoodGiven the increased attention of clinicians, researchers, and the pharmaceutical industry to the management and treatment of dementia not only in the elderly but also in increasingly younger populations, the demands for effective evidence-based pharmaceutical control of dementia and quantitative assessment of outcomes have increased. From the first steps in the early 1960s to the controversial landmark paper of Summers and colleagues to the most recent trials, it is clear both that much progress has been made and that much remains to be done. This book is written to take stock of what is now usefully known and to speculate on directions for the future.
Trialectic: The Confluence of Law, Neuroscience, and Morality
by Peter A. AlcesA thought-provoking examination of how insights from neuroscience challenge deeply held assumptions about morality and law. As emerging neuroscientific insights change our understanding of what it means to be human, the law must grapple with monumental questions, both metaphysical and practical. Recent advances pose significant philosophical challenges: how do neuroscientific revelations redefine our conception of morality, and how should the law adjust accordingly? Trialectic takes account of those advances, arguing that they will challenge normative theory most profoundly. If all sentient beings are the coincidence of mechanical forces, as science suggests, then it follows that the time has come to reevaluate laws grounded in theories dependent on the immaterial that distinguish the mental and emotional from the physical. Legal expert Peter A. Alces contends that such theories are misguided—so misguided that they undermine law and, ultimately, human thriving. Building on the foundation outlined in his previous work, The Moral Conflict of Law and Neuroscience, Alces further investigates the implications for legal doctrine and practice.