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Viral Fitness and Evolution: Population Dynamics and Adaptive Mechanisms (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #439)
by Peter Schuster Esteban Domingo Santiago F. Elena Celia PeralesThis book unifies general concepts of plant and animal virus evolution and covers a broad range of topics related to theoretical and experimental aspects of virus population dynamics and viral fitness. Timely topics such as viral mechanisms to cope with antiviral agents, the adaptability of the virus to new hosts, emergence of new viral phenotypes, and the connections between short- and long-term virus evolution are included. By comparing plant and animal viruses, universal mechanisms responsible for fitness variations, viral emergence and disease mechanisms are explored. Although emphasis is put on specific plant and human viral pathogens, relevant similarities and differences to other viruses are highlighted. Additionally, readers will learn more about the adaptability of coronaviruses, including the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The book is aimed at students and scientists interested in basic and applied aspects of plant and animal virus population dynamics and evolution.
Viral Genome Methods
by Kenneth W. AdolphMolecular biology and genetics techniques now dominate viral research in attempts to cure diseases such as AIDS. Viral Genome Methods is a practical guide to the newest molecular techniques, providing step-by-step protocols to be used in the laboratory. Recognized authorities and pioneers in viral research pass on their expertise to you.
Viral Genome Replication
by Kevin D. Raney Craig E. Cameron Matthias GotteViruses are responsible for a variety of human, animal, and plant diseases and now represent potential agents of terror. Academic, government, and corporate laboratories have devoted years of effort to the development of strategies to prevent or treat viral infections. Central to the multiplication strategy of all viruses is the process of genome replication. Enzymes critical to this step of the lifecycle have proven to be tractable targets for the development of antiviral agents. Furthermore, genome replication is essential for virus spread and is the main target for the development of antiviral agents. By combining studies of both RNA and DNA viruses - and more - into a single volume, the editors have created a mechanism for cross-talk between the fields that will produce synergy and could lead to more rapid discovery of approaches to treat viral infections.
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
by Sunit K. Singh Daniel RuzekViral hemorrhagic fevers have captured the imagination of the public and made their way into popular books and movies by virtue of their extreme virulence and mysterious origins. Since 2001, concerns have grown about the potential use of many hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons. This has led to a resurgence in research to develop improv
Viral Hepatitis
by E.A. Fagan T.J. HarrisonThis book aims to bridge the widening rift between clinical and molecular aspects of viral hepatitis by providing an up-to-date overview of the field. The focus is practical and covers the limitations of clinical diagnosis, the interpretation of tests bas
Viral Infections And Global Change
by Sunit K. SinghA timely exploration of the impact of global change on the emergence, reemergence, and control of vector-borne and zoonotic viral infections From massively destructive "superstorms" to rapidly rising sea levels, the world media is abuzz with talk of the threats to civilization posed by global warming. But one hazard that is rarely discussed is the dramatic rise in the number and magnitude of tropical virus outbreaks among human populations. One need only consider recent developments, such as the spread of chikungunya across southern Europe and dengue in Singapore, Brazil, and the southern United States, to appreciate the seriousness of that threat. Representing a major addition to the world literature on the subject, Viral Infections and Global Change explores trends of paramount concern globally, regarding the emergence and reemergence of vector-borne and zoonotic viruses. It also provides up-to-date coverage of both the clinical aspects and basic science behind an array of specific emerging and reemerging infections, including everything from West Nile fever and Rift Valley fever to zoonotic hepatitis E and human bunyavirus. Important topics covered include: Epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and evolutionary mechanisms Host-pathogen interactions in an array of viral infections The impact of climate change on historical viral outbreaks The roles of socioeconomics, human behavior, and animal and human migrations The growing prevalence of drug and pesticide resistance The introduction of microbes and vectors through increased transboundary travel Spillover transmissions and the emergence of viral outbreaks Detecting and responding to threats from bioterrorism and emerging viral infections Predictive modeling for emerging viral infections Viral Infections and Global Change is an indispensable resource for research scientists, epidemiologists, and medical and veterinary students working in ecology, environmental management, climatology, neurovirology, virology, and infectious disease.
Viral Infections of the Human Nervous System
by Alan C. JacksonViral infections of the nervous system are important because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A variety of pathogenetic mechanisms are involved in these infections and an understanding of the pathogenesis is essential in understanding the diagnostic and clinical management aspects of the disease. Specialized investigations are often necessary for definitive diagnosis, although a presumptive diagnosis should often be suspected on the basis of the clinical features. Many of the chapters in this book are written by neurologists who are experts in basic science research of their topic in addition to active clinical practice in their specialty.
Viral Metagenomics: Methods And Protocols (Methods In Molecular Biology #1746)
by Vitantonio Pantaleo Michela ChiumentiThis volume explores the use of viral metagenomics to diagnose known viruses for plant and food production, human and animal health, and identifying viral vectors like insects. The chapters in this book cover topics, such as sRNAs isolation from tissues of grapevines and woody plants, high-resolution screening of arthropod and plant viral communities, identifying new pathogens in fish, detecting viruses in mycorrhizal fungi and their orchid host, and insect virus discovery through metagenomic and cell culture-based approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and comprehensive, Viral Metagenomics: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and specialists who are interested in learning more about this evolving field.
Viral Metagenomics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2732)
by Vitantonio Pantaleo Laura MiozziThis second edition volume expands on the previous edition with discussions about the latest viral metagenomics aspects covering a range of different specimens such as soil, freshwater, wastewater, fecal samples, blood plasma, clinical tissues, fungi, and herbarium samples. Chapters also look at different viral groups including archaeal viruses, eukaryotic viruses, phages, mycoviruses, and circular DNA viruses. Techniques required for studying the three viral metagenomic steps of samples processing, library construction, and analysis of data are also discussed. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Vital Metagenomics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in learning more about this important and developing field.
Viral Molecular Machines
by Michael G. Rossmann Venigalla B. RaoThis book will contain a series of solicited chapters that concern with the molecular machines required by viruses to perform various essential functions of virus life cycle. The first three chapters (Introduction, Molecular Machines and Virus Architecture) introduce the reader to the best known molecular machines and to the structure of viruses. The remainder of the book will examine in detail various stages of the viral life cycle. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, synthesis and assembly of viral structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. Each chapter will describe the components of the respective machine in molecular or atomic detail, genetic and biochemical analyses, and mechanism. Topics are carefully selected so that the reader is exposed to systems where there is a substantial infusion of new knowledge in recent years, which greatly elevated the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the respective molecular machine. The authors will be encouraged to simplify the detailed knowledge to basic concepts, include provocative new ideas, as well as design colorful graphics, thus making the cutting-edge information accessible to broad audience.
Viral Nanotechnology
by Paul Pumpens Yury KhudyakovViral Nanotechnology presents an up-to-date overview of the rapidly developing field of viral nanotechnology in the areas of immunology, virology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, and mathematical modeling. Its chapters are by leading researchers and practitioners, making it both a comprehensive and indispensable resource for study and research.Th
Viral Oncology: New Approaches to Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences)
by Deepak Parashar Umesh Kumar Subodh KumarViral Oncology: New Approaches to Molecular Cancer Therapeutics offers a comprehensive exploration of how viruses contribute to cancer development, bridging the gap between basic virology and clinical oncology. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, this authoritative text examines the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis, key oncogenic viruses, and the latest therapeutic strategies. The book highlights cutting-edge research on Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Hepatitis B and C, and other cancer-causing viruses, providing clinicians and researchers with critical insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of virus-induced cancers. Ideal for oncologists, virologists, and molecular biologists, this text equips readers with both foundational knowledge and the latest advancements in the rapidly evolving field of viral oncology. Stay ahead in the field with this definitive guide to understanding and combating virusinduced malignancies. The volume explores the biology and pathology of oncogenic viruses, offering insights into novel therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy and gene editing. Viral Oncology: New Approaches to Molecular Cancer Therapeutics presents an in-depth and authoritative examination of how oncogenic viruses contribute to cancer development and progression, bridging the critical gap between foundational virology and clinical oncology. This volume brings together groundbreaking research from world-renowned scientists and clinicians who explore the complex mechanisms of viral oncogenesis, shedding light on both well-established and emerging viral agents, such as HPV, EBV, Hepatitis B and C, and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). The text delves into the molecular processes through which these viruses initiate and sustain cancerous growth, offering insights into viral integration, immune evasion, and cellular transformation. With a focus on the latest developments in therapeutic strategies, Viral Oncology covers innovative approaches, including targeted molecular therapies, immunotherapies, gene editing techniques, and personalized medicine strategies aimed at halting virus-induced tumorigenesis. Designed for a broad audience of oncologists, virologists, molecular biologists, and clinical researchers, this text provides a thorough understanding of the epidemiology, pathology, and treatment implications of viral oncology. It serves as an indispensable guide to the mechanisms of virus-driven cancers and how these insights are being translated into cutting-edge therapeutic interventions. With its rich blend of cutting-edge science, clinical applications, and visionary outlook, Viral Oncology: New Approaches to Molecular Cancer Therapeutics is an essential resource for any professional involved in cancer research, diagnostics, and treatment. Whether you are a seasoned oncologist, virologist, or a researcher investigating the molecular basis of cancer, this book offers the latest knowledge and tools to effectively understand and combat virus-induced malignancies. Stay at the forefront of the rapidly evolving field of viral oncology with this comprehensive and forward-looking text – a definitive resource for understanding the interplay between viruses and cancer, and harnessing that knowledge for therapeutic innovation.
Viral Pathogenesis in Diagrams
by Michel Tremblay Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann Laurent BerthiaumeViral Pathogenesis in Diagrams is the first book of its kind to illustrate viral pathogenesis on a comparative basis. The text covers the pathogenesis of viral diseases, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and protists. The diagrams summarize and integrate large numbers of observations, from electron microscopy to clinical data, into a si
Viral Pollution of the Environment
by Weger Marl BergIn the decades, ahead, as virus detection technology continues to improve, we may expect greater attention to the problem of water transmission of these agents. This books' contributors will discuss the developing knowledge and technology for the detection and measurement of viruses in waters and wastewaters in dealing with the problem presented by that presence.
Viral Regulatory Structures And Their Degeneracy (Santa Fe Institute Ser)
by Gerald MyersFirst Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
Viral Sovereignty and the Political Economy of Pandemics: What Explains How Countries Deal with Outbreaks? (Europa International Perspectives)
by Sophal EarOver the past few decades a number of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have disrupted societies throughout the world, including HIV, Ebola, H5N1 (or ‘‘avian flu’’) and SARS, and of course the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which spread worldwide to become a global pandemic. As well as EIDs, countries and regions also contend with endemic diseases, such as malaria. There are many factors that have contributed to the rise in, and spread of, EIDs and other diseases, including overpopulation, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and antibiotic resistance. Political and cultural responses to disease can greatly affect their spread. The global community needs to defend itself against disease threats: one weak link is enough to start a chain reaction that results in a global pandemic such as COVID-19. Some states take a nationalistic approach towards combating disease; however, international cooperation and meaningful ‘‘viral sovereignty’’—empowering countries to create effective health institutions and surveillance systems in order to contain disease—must be considered. This volume, with a focus on Southeast Asia, Africa and North America, considers the intersection between disease, politics, science, and culture in the global battle against pandemics, making use of case studies and interviews to examine the ways in which governments and regions handle outbreaks and pandemics.
Viral Therapy of Human Cancers
by Joseph G. Sinkovics Joseph C. HorvathFeaturing contributions from nearly 30 leading authorities, this pioneering work gauges the potential for viruses to act as oncolytic and anti-tumor agents for the treatment of cancers in humans-detailing the cancer-combative properties exhibited by viruses in nature, genetically engineered viruses, and viral oncolysates as evidenced in basic and e
Viral Vectors for Vaccine Delivery
by Vivek Chavda Vasso ApostolopoulosThe book is essential for anyone interested in vaccine development, as it highlights the unique advantages of viral vector vaccines in triggering robust, long-lasting immunity and provides an in-depth exploration of the technology and advancements shaping the future of healthcare. Viral vector vaccines have several unique advantages when compared to other vaccine platforms. These powerful vaccines are capable of triggering long-lasting cellular responses, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, that eradicate virus-infected cells. Viral vector-based vaccines use a harmless virus to smuggle the instructions for making antigens from the disease-causing virus into cells, triggering protective immunity against them. In contrast to conventional antigen-containing vaccines, these vaccines use the body’s natural defense system to produce antigens by using a modified virus to deliver genetic code for an antigen. Viral Vectors for Vaccine Delivery provides a comprehensive overview of viral vectors and their applications in vaccine delivery. Its chapters explore various aspects of viral vector technology, from the basic principles of viral vector construction to the latest advancements in gene editing and manufacturing. Readers will find that the book Offers a deep dive into the world of viral vectors, covering their principles, applications, and potential impact on healthcare; Explores how viral vectors are revolutionizing vaccine development, providing a more effective and targeted approach to disease prevention; Discusses the potential of viral vectors to address emerging health challenges and contribute to a healthier world. Audience Research scholars, pharma-process engineers, research scientists, pharmacy students and professionals from the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry interested in drug discovery, chemical biology, computational chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and bioinformatics
Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Characterization, and Application (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Devarajan ThangaduraiThis book summarizes the synthesis, properties, characterization, and application of viral and antiviral nanomaterials by using interdisciplinary subjects ranging from materials science to biomedical science. Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Characterization, and Application highlights attainments in utilizing nanomaterials as powerful tools for the treatment of viral infections in plants, animals, and humans. It reviews the adopted strategies for designing viral and antiviral nanomaterials for medical applications, including cancer therapy and drug delivery. It also explains the different kinds of antiviral nanosized structures, their chemistries, and the attributes that enable them to be suitable targets for nanotherapeutics. The contributors have prepared the content in a comprehensive manner for readers to use their research findings to improve the healthcare of all living beings. FEATURES Reviews the novel tools for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials as viral and antiviral agents Explores the different applications of currently available nanomaterials for the treatment of viral infections Investigates the role of antiviral nanodrugs in human and plant systems Addresses the activity of nanostructures in drug-delivery systems for cancer treatment Allows readers from various backgrounds to access the advanced research and practices across traditional frontiers Discusses viral nanomaterials as the viable future of antiviral drugs and nanovaccines in animals and humans This authoritative book is of exceptional relevance to postgraduate scholars, researchers, and scientists interested in nanomedicine, biomedical science, materials science, biopharmaceutical technology, microbiology, and virology to improve virus- and cancer-based therapeutic tools for animal and human welfare.
Viral and Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Microbiological Perspective
by Hiba Sami Safiya Firoze Parvez A. KhanThis book covers topics related to viral and fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS), with a multidisciplinary reach, discussing associated immunology, microbiological aspects, pathologies, timely management, and prevention. The book is structured into five broad sections. The first section provides the reader with valuable insights into the aetiologies and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological diseases, including host responses. It mentions all bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral causes of neuro-infections, along with rarer neuropathogenesis such as prions and mycoplasmas. The chapter also presents detailed epidemiology and prevalence of different CNS infections worldwide. It also reviews various infectious diseases that target the nervous system, such as focal lesions, meningitis, and neurological complications of venous sinus thrombosis. The next two sections delve deep into pathogen-specific diseases of the CNS, namely the viruses and fungi associated with neuro-infections. It mentions detailed excerpts on encephalitic viruses, long-term consequences of neurotropic viruses, mycological neuroinfectious, and even the emerging, less talked of viruses and fungi causing neurological disease. Topics such as principles of vigorous antifungal therapy and surgeries are also discussed in the chapter. The fourth section gives an insight on prospects for efficiently diagnosing and managing viral and fungal CNS infections, to tackle associated morbidities. Features that are often less documented, yet of considerable interest in current times, such as the role of immunosuppression in neurological infections and newer microbiological diagnostic strategies are covered. The last section uniquely provides clinicians with relatable case scenarios. Real case descriptions are included, such as cases of fungal meningitis and other difficult-to-diagnose infections produced by viruses. This book serves as a guide for neurologists, medical microbiologists, and clinical practitioners who deal with patients suspected of neurological infection.
Viral: La historia de la eterna lucha de la humanidad contra los virus
by Juan FueyoEl libro de divulgación científica de la pandemia, por uno de los referentes mundiales en virología e investigación biomédica Viral es una gran aventura científica y humanista que explora los virus que han envenenado nuestro universo y puesto en riesgo la supervivencia de la humanidad hasta la situación actual. Escrito desde una perspectiva científica, biológica y médica, el libro tiene un marcado componente humanístico transmitido en las múltiples e interesantes anécdotas históricas, filosóficas, artísticas, literarias y de otras disciplinas -como la física y la astrofísica-, que lo convierte en el libro de divulgación científica de referencia de la pandemia. El autor explora, con un estilo vibrante y el rigor del investigador, la importancia de los virus en la lucha contra el cáncer, así como su inquietante uso en bioterrorismo. Dedica páginas muy valiosas a las pandemias, alertando a los lectores de los peligros que entrañarán los virus en el futuro.
Viral: The Search for the Origin of COVID-19
by Matt Ridley Alina ChanA new virus descended on the human species in 2019 wreaking unprecedented havoc. Finding out where it came from and how it first jumped into people is an urgent priority, but early expectations that this would prove an easy question to answer have been dashed. Nearly two years into the pandemic, the crucial mystery of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not only unresolved but has deepened. In this uniquely insightful book, a scientist and a writer join forces to try to get to the bottom of how a virus whose closest relations live in bats in subtropical southern China somehow managed to begin spreading among people more than 1,500 kilometres away in the city of Wuhan. They grapple with the baffling fact that the virus left none of the expected traces that such outbreaks usually create: no infected market animals or wildlife, no chains of early cases in travellers to the city, no smouldering epidemic in a rural area, no rapid adaptation of the virus to its new host—human beings. To try to solve this pressing mystery, Viral delves deep into the events of 2019 leading up to 2021, the details of what went on in animal markets and virology laboratories, the records and data hidden from sight within archived Chinese theses and websites, and the clues that can be coaxed from the very text of the virus’s own genetic code. The result is a gripping detective story that takes the reader deeper and deeper into a metaphorical cave of mystery. One by one the authors explore promising tunnels only to show that they are blind alleys, until, miles beneath the surface, they find themselves tantalisingly close to a shaft that leads to the light.
Viral: The Search for the Origin of Covid-19
by Matt Ridley Alina Chan"Chan and Ridley write with an urgency...that inspires gripping depictions of what viruses are, how infectious-disease laboratories work and wonderfully lucid descriptions of bats. . . . They powerfully recount how dangerous pathogens can both leak from a lab and emerge in nature." (New York Times Book Review) Understanding how Covid-19 started is crucial for the future of humankind. Viral is the most incisive and authoritative book about the search for the source of the virus.A new virus descended on the human species in 2019 wreaking unprecedented havoc. Finding out where it came from and how it first jumped into people is an urgent priority, but early expectations that this would prove an easy question to answer have been dashed. Nearly two years into the pandemic, the crucial mystery of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not only unresolved but has deepened. In this uniquely insightful book, a scientist and a writer join forces to try to get to the bottom of how a virus whose closest relations live in bats in subtropical southern China somehow managed to begin spreading among people more than 1,500 kilometres away in the city of Wuhan. They grapple with the baffling fact that the virus left none of the expected traces that such outbreaks usually create: no infected market animals or wildlife, no chains of early cases in travellers to the city, no smouldering epidemic in a rural area, no rapid adaptation of the virus to its new host—human beings. To try to solve this pressing mystery, Viral delves deep into the events of 2019 leading up to 2021, the details of what went on in animal markets and virology laboratories, the records and data hidden from sight within archived Chinese theses and websites, and the clues that can be coaxed from the very text of the virus’s own genetic code. The result is a gripping detective story that takes the reader deeper and deeper into a metaphorical cave of mystery. One by one the authors explore promising tunnels only to show that they are blind alleys, until, miles beneath the surface, they find themselves tantalisingly close to a shaft that leads to the light.
Virality Vitality (SUNY series in Contemporary French Thought)
by Jonathan BasileReveals the fragility of basic scientific concepts through the unstable relationship between viruses and life, calling for a deconstructive reading to grapple with their theoretical and political effects.Virality Vitality explores the history and present of the life sciences and virology, focusing on moments of disruption that reveal the instability of the most basic concepts guiding scientific knowledge and their practical or political consequences. From their "discovery" to present-day experiments in synthetic virology, viruses have given rise to upheavals in our models of life because of the difficulty of rigorously distinguishing life from virus, self from other. The virus has been compared to a gene, to an agent of life's heredity and immunity, and we humans depend on the fossils of ancient viral infections in our genome in order to bear children. Can a parasite give birth to its host? To interpret the nonoppositional relationship of virality and vitality, this book draws on the work of Jacques Derrida and the growing field of biodeconstruction that has emerged from his posthumously published work on genetics. In turn, Virality Vitality suggests a novel approach to questions of the agency of "matter" or the "nonhuman," often raised in Anthropocene studies, the material turn, and ecocriticism. Nothing is more natural than the artificiality of the borders drawn, maintained, and displaced by the living and their viruses, by virality-vitality. The inscription of these borders remains to be read, and thus deconstructive textuality is anything but opposed to the sciences and what they call life.
Viralização
by David Quammen«Uma obra-prima.» The New York Times Ao longo da História, a Humanidade tem sofrido perdas incontáveis de vidas às mãos de pandemias cíclicas e absolutamente devastadoras. A encabeçar a lista de responsáveis estão os vírus. O que é um vírus exactamente e como se propaga? Porque são o vírus tão diferentes entre si e como funcionam as vacinas que os anulam? Neste capítulo Viralização, David Quammen reconstitui a história fascinante da descoberta e estudo dos vírus e dos desafios que os cientistas enfrentam para combater esta ameaça invisível e potencialmente devastadora. Este capítulo é retirado do livro Contágio, uma história do vírus que estão a mudar o mundo, uma obra fascinante de jornalismo científico que previu a pandemia do novo coronavírus que vivemos hoje.