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Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants
by Sergey Shabala Stefano MancusoWaterlogging is a major problem for plant cultivation in many regions of the world. This book combines both academic and practical aspects of this topic. Based on recent progress in cell and molecular biology, various facets of waterlogging signalling and tolerance are addressed, starting from the molecular level, through membrane transport, cells and plant organs, up to the whole organism. Leading scientists contribute 13 chapters grouped into the following main parts: whole-plant regulation, intracellular signalling, membrane transporters in waterlogging tolerance and agronomical and environmental aspects. This work offers a universal handbook for any researcher or agronomist interested in the impact of waterlogging in plants.
Watermark
by Christy-VitaleTHE ECHOES OF OUR PAST Twelve thousand years ago, the human race barely escaped annihilation when a piece of exploded star passed through our solar system, unleashing an apocalypse. Great fires raged, mountains rose and fell, a maelstrom of cosmic debris bombarded Earth, continents broke apart, and oceans swept across the land. Millions of people, animals, and plants perished almost overnight. Entire societies, cultures, and belief systems were lost forever. The resulting aftershock shaped humanity for thousands of years, and continues to haunt us to this day. This is not fiction. This is history. THE TRUTHS OF THE PRESENT Using authoritative source material and an understanding of mankind's aptitude for the transmission of factual knowledge through myth and legend, Joseph Christy-Vitale dramatically unveils a past unlike any proposed by either religion or science, viewing the global catastrophe as living history, since the traumatic effects of that terrible event affect us as a species even today. THE PATHS OF THE FUTURE Providing an insight into where our troubled view of the world originated, Watermark tells the true story of how humanity's brush with extinction still pervades our lives -- and offers the first step to recovering what we lost so long ago: a healthy, balanced view of the world.
Watermarking Techniques for Copyright Protection of Videos (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Rohit M. Thanki Ashish M. Kothari Vedvyas DwivediThe book provides copyright protection approaches for videos using watermarking. The various watermarking techniques using various transforms such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for videos are presented. The book also provides video watermarking approach using compressive sensing (CS) theory. The presented watermarking techniques are designed and implemented using color digital videos. The performance of the presented techniques is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC).
Waters of the World: The Story of the Scientists Who Unraveled the Mysteries of Our Oceans, Atmosphere, and Ice Sheets and Made the Planet Whole
by Sarah DryA Nature Top Ten Book of the Year: “Immensely readable” accounts of seven pioneers who were at the forefront of what we now call climate science (New York Review of Books).One of Booklist’s Top Ten Sci-Tech Books of the YearFrom the glaciers of the Alps to the towering cumulonimbus clouds of the Caribbean and the unexpectedly chaotic flows of the North Atlantic, Waters of the World is a tour through 150 years of the history of a significant but underappreciated idea: that the Earth has a global climate system made up of interconnected parts, constantly changing on all scales of both time and space. A prerequisite for the discovery of global warming and climate change, this idea was forged by scientists studying water in its myriad forms. This is their story.Linking the history of the planet with the lives of those who studied it, Sarah Dry follows the remarkable scientists who summited volcanic peaks to peer through an atmosphere’s worth of water vapor, cored mile-thick ice sheets to uncover the Earth’s ancient climate history, and flew inside storm clouds to understand how small changes in energy can produce both massive storms and the general circulation of the Earth’s atmosphere. Each toiled on his or her own corner of the planetary puzzle. Gradually, their cumulative discoveries coalesced into a unified working theory of our planet’s climate.We now call this field climate science, and in recent years it has provoked great passions, anxieties, and warnings. But no less than the object of its study, the science of water and climate is—and always has been—evolving. By revealing the complexity of this history, Waters of the World delivers a better understanding of our planet’s climate at a time when we need it the most.“One of the richest books I have ever read . . . a beautifully written, episodic, yet comprehensive, history of the diverse scientific underpinnings of climate science over the past two hundred years.” —Environmental History“Smart, compelling, and timely . . . By focusing on specific scientists, Dry gifts readers with entertaining portraits of some thoroughly interesting if largely unknown individuals.”—Booklist (starred review)
Watershed Development and Livelihoods: People’s Action in India
by S.K. DasThis book analyses the empowerment process of the Bhil as a result of the implementation of the watershed project in Jhabua. This visionary project, planned and implemented by the Bhil community, has put in place an integrated strategy that has given them control over their livelihood. It is examined against the backdrop of a framework that links three important aspects-biophysical (resource management and ecological balance), socio-economic (productivity, agricultural growth and livelihood support) and institutional (sustainable resource use, equity and benefit-cost sharing); and their complex interactions.
Watershed Health Monitoring: Emerging Technologies
by Chris Jones Michael Walters R. Mark Palmer Susan MotkalukWatershed Health Monitoring: Emerging Technologies is a concise reference that defines the concept of watershed health and explains that monitoring the health of watersheds is a critical precursor to adaptive resource management on a watershed basis. The focus of the text is a clear description of an innovative "Closed Loop" model that specifies fo
Watershed Hydrology, Management and Modeling
by Abrar Yousuf Manmohanjit SinghThe book provides a comprehensive insight into watersheds and modeling of the hydrological processes in the watersheds. It covers the concepts of watershed hydrology and watershed management in depth. The basic types, of soil erosion and its measurement and estimation of runoff and soil loss from the small and large watersheds are discussed. Recent advances in the watershed management like the application of remote sensing and GIS and hydrological models are a part of the book. The book serve as a guide for professional and competitive examinations for undergraduate students of Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering and graduate students of Soil Science, Soil and Water Engineering, Agricultural Physics, Hydrology and Watershed Management.
Watershed Models
by Vijay P. Singh Donald K. FrevertWatershed modeling is at the heart of modern hydrology, supplying rich information that is vital to addressing resource planning, environmental, and social problems. Even in light of this important role, many books relegate the subject to a single chapter while books devoted to modeling focus only on a specific area of application. Recognizing the
Watershed: Herman Murrah and the Pascagoula River Swamp
by Davy MurrahThe Pascagoula River is the largest unobstructed river in the contiguous United States. Because of this lack of restraint, the river has been left to rise and fall naturally with the seasons, overflowing annually into the adjoining bottomland forest. This phenomenon makes the Pascagoula River one of the wildest rivers, surrounded by some of the most ecologically diverse woodlands, in North America.Herman Murrah (1935–2002) lived his entire life on the banks and in the swamp surrounding this river in southeast Mississippi. Watershed: Herman Murrah and the Pascagoula River Swamp recounts pivotal moments in Herman’s life and in Mississippi’s conservation history more broadly. In this book, Herman’s eldest son, Davy, details the adventures that continue to inspire young conservationists in the fight to protect our remaining natural ecosystems.As a young adult, Herman worked as a game warden in the Pascagoula River Swamp. When the Pascagoula Hardwood Company, then owners of the swamp, decided to sell the vast tract of forest for clearcutting, Herman was incensed. Determined to protect this natural wonder, Herman teamed up with other visionaries to persuade the State of Mississippi to purchase the land and preserve it in perpetuity to the benefit of future generations of humans and wildlife alike. Eventually, the state agreed and finalized the purchase. Herman was appointed area manager for the upper portion of the newly designated Pascagoula River Wildlife Management Area. He dedicated the remainder of his life to preserving, protecting, and improving the swamp for the good of south Mississippi.
Watson & DNA: Making A Scientific Revolution (A Merloyd Lawrence Book)
by Victor K. McelhenyA real page-turner. . . . If Victor McElheny is not already a prince among science writers, this book should elevate him to that high position. -Judah Folkman, Nature Medicine
Wattana: An Orangutan in Paris
by Chris Herzfeld Oliver Y. Martin Robert D. MartinShe likes tea, sews, draws on papers and is a self-taught master of tying and untying knots. But she is not a crafty woman of the DIY set: she is Wattana, an orangutan who lives in the Jardin des Plantes Zoo in Paris. And it is in Paris where Chris Herzfeld first encounters and becomes impressed by Wattana and her exceptional abilities with knots. In Wattana: An Orangutan in Paris Herzfeld tells not only Wattana's fascinating story, but also the story of orangutans and other primates--including bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas--in captivity. Offering a uniquely intimate look at the daily lives of captive great apes, Herzfeld uses Wattana's life to trace the history of orangutans from their first arrival in Europe in 1776 to the inhabitants of the Zoo of Paris and other zoos today. She provides a close look at the habits, technical know-how, and skills of Wattana, who, remarkably, uses strings, paper rolls, rope, and even pieces of wood to make things. And she thoughtfully explores how apes individually--and often with ingenuity--come to terms with and adapt to their captive environments and caretakers. Through these stories, Wattana sympathetically reveals the extraordinary psychology and distinctive personalities of great apes as well as the interconnections between animal and human lives, especially in zoos. Scientists predict that orangutans will disappear from the wild by 2030, and captive animals like Wattana may, as a result, provide our best chance to understand and appreciate their astonishing intelligence and abilities. Wattana, the accomplished maker of knots, is the hero of this poignant book, which will enthrall anyone curious about the lives of our primate cousins.
Wattles: Australian Acacia Species Around the World
by Stuart Hall Philip W. Rundel Richard Hill Libby Robin Michael Wingfield Charlie Shackleton John R. Wilson Petr Pyšek Philip E. Hulme Jane Carruthers Antoine Guisan Giuseppe Brundu Cang Hui Nuno Fernandes Guillaume Latombe Luís González Matt Ritter Dr Ross Shackleton Dr Aníbal Pauchard Narciso Aguilera Joaquim Alonso Samuel C. Andrew Irene Barnes Ashleigh M. Basel Rita Bastos Pierre Binggeli Rachel M. Binks Christophe Botella David Bush Dr Margaret Byrne João A. Cabral Laura Celesti-Grapow Julian M. Chan Roland Cochard M. Conceição Colaço Peter J. Cunningham Jorge Dias Catherine R. Dickson Liliana N. Duarte Allan G. Ellis Luís Fernandes Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo Andrés Fuentes-Ramírez Rachael V. Gallagher Rafael García Sjirk Geerts Michelle R. Gibson Margherita Gioria Catarina Gonçalves João Gonçalves Vinicius Paiva Gonçalves Pablo González-Moreno António Carmo Gouveia A. Rod Griffin André Große-Stoltenberg Greg R. Guerin Jane L. Harbard Gustavo Heringer Patricia M. Holmes João P. Honrado Brett P. Hurley Fiona Impson Cally Jansen Nolwethu Jubase-Tshali Jan-Hendrik Keet Rob Kelly Ian Kotze Christoph Kueffer Ingolf Kühn Dr Christian A. Kull Sabrina Kumschick Vitalis K. Lagat Bárbara Langdon David C. Le Maitre Ivan Lizarazo Francisco López-Núñez Paula Lorenzo Vanessa Lozano Sérgio Maggiolli Cristina Máguas Hélia Marchante Irene Martín-Forés Cecilia Masemola Bruce Maslin David J. Merritt Stephen J. Midgley Melissa A. Millar Carey Minteer Leonie T. Monks Nuno Mouta Jana Mullerova Daniel J. Murphy Silvia Neves Dung Tri Ngo Dr Ana Novoa Jens Oldeland Lucas Prado Osco Penelope P. Pascoe Thao Phuong Pham Eva M. Pinto Jorge E. Ramirez-Albores A. Tony Rinaudo James G. Rodger Mário Santos Iryna Skulska Canh Quoc Tran Thang Nam Tran Helena Trindade Florian Ulm Van Thi Hai Dr Brian Van Wilgen Maribel Vásquez-Valderrama A. Sofia Vaz Joana R. Vicente Sara Vicente Elizabeth M. Wandrag Andrew Wannenburgh Christiane Werner Rafael Dudeque ZenniThe book provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge about "wattles", a large clade of over 1000 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Acacia, most of which are native to Australia. It examines the biology, ecology, evolution, and biogeography of wattles in their native ranges, including the evolutionary forces that have driven past speciation and adaptation to diverse environments, the conservation status, uses and human perceptions of these species. It considers the different histories of the introductions and proliferation of wattles as alien species in different parts of the world since c. 1850 (the Anthropocene), situated within relevant political, socio-economic and scientific contexts, together with an analysis of how awareness of their impacts as invasive species has changed over time. Differences in the dynamics and trends associated with the introduction, naturalization and invasion of wattles in different parts of the world are reviewed. The book also synthesizes the global distribution of wattles using diverse data sources, alongside trends, patterns and projections of global uses of wattles. It discusses the genetics, biotic interactions, and ecological, economic and social impacts of invasive wattles. - The first comprehensive global synthesis in book form of aspects of the biology, ecology, biogeography and management of one of the world's most important woody plant genera. - Provides the foundation for the assessment of evidence-based information required to formulate sustainable management strategies for non-native plants that have both benefits and negative impacts. - Sheds new light on many aspects of plant invasion science. This book is aimed at academics and students in the field of ecology, and at managers of natural and anthropic ecosystems, policy-makers and regulators, and the general public interested in biology and environmental science.
Wave Dynamics and Composite Mechanics for Microstructured Materials and Metamaterials (Advanced Structured Materials #59)
by Mezhlum A. SumbatyanThis volume deals with topical problems concerning technology and design in construction of modern metamaterials. The authors construct the models of mechanical, electromechanical and acoustical behavior of the metamaterials, which are founded upon mechanisms existing on micro-level in interaction of elementary structures of the material. The empiric observations on the phenomenological level are used to test the created models.The book provides solutions, based on fundamental methods and models using the theory of wave propagation, nonlinear theories and composite mechanics for media with micro- and nanostructure. They include the models containing arrays of cracks, defects, with presence of micro- and nanosize piezoelectric elements and coupled physical-mechanical fields of different nature. The investigations show that the analytical, numerical and experimental methods permit evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative properties of the materials of this sort, with diagnosis of their effective characteristics, frequency intervals of effective energetic cutting and passing, as well as effective regimes of damage evaluation by the acoustic methods.
Wave Dynamics of Generalized Continua
by Alexander G. Bagdoev Vladimir I. Erofeyev Ashot V. ShekoyanThis monograph is devoted to problems of propagation and stability of linear and nonlinear waves in continuous media with complex structure. It considers the different media, such as solid with cavities, preliminary deformed disperse medium, solid with porosity filled by the electrically conductive and non-conductive liquid, magnetoelastic, piezo-semiconductors, crystals with dislocations, composites with inclusions, an electrically conductive asymmetrical liquid, a mixture of gas with a drop liquid. The book also considers the propagation of a laser beam through a two-level medium. The presented results are based on methods of evolution and modulation equations that were developed by the authors. The book is intended for scientific and technical researchers, students and post-graduate students specializing in mechanics of continuous media, physical acoustics, and physics of the solid state.
Wave Dynamics, Mechanics and Physics of Microstructured Metamaterials: Theoretical and Experimental Methods (Advanced Structured Materials #109)
by Mezhlum A. SumbatyanThis book addresses theoretical and experimental methods for exploring microstructured metamaterials, with a special focus on wave dynamics, mechanics, and related physical properties. The authors use various mathematical and physical approaches to examine the mechanical properties inherent to particular types of metamaterials. These include: • Boundary value problems in reduced strain gradient elasticity for composite fiber-reinforced metamaterials • Self-organization of molecules in ferroelectric thin films • Combined models for surface layers of nanostructures • Computer simulation at the micro- and nanoscale • Surface effects with anisotropic properties and imperfect temperature contacts • Inhomogeneous anisotropic metamaterials with uncoupled and coupled surfaces or interfaces • Special interface finite elements and other numerical and analytical methods for composite structures
Wave Energy Devices: Design, Development, and Experimental Studies
by Srinivasan Chandrasekaran Faisal Khan Rouzbeh AbbassiDesigning offshore wave energy converter (WEC) devices requires a thorough understanding of many aspects of science and engineering, namely, wave hydrodynamics, wave-WEC interactions, mechanical design, analysis tools, and conducting experiments. This book provides the tools for understanding these complex systems and addresses the basic concepts of WECs through detailed analysis and design. A few devices developed and experimentally investigated are discussed in detail, some of which are considered highly novel and still in the preliminary stages of study in the existing literature. FEATURES Offers numerous detailed design methods and practical model studies Presents analysis of the dynamic response behavior of WECs based on experimental studies on scale models Covers the most recent and novel innovations in the field Includes a discussion of offshore wind farms as a green energy alternative and examines their conceptual development and design This book serves as a useful guide for both academicians and professionals in naval architecture and offshore engineering as well as in civil and structural engineering. In addition, it helps in the understanding of structural behavior in terms of risk criteria, efficiency, service life, and reliability. Readers will gain a comprehensive knowledge of the design and development of offshore wave energy devices and the preliminary design of offshore wind turbines, which are currently largely absent in the scientific literature.
Wave Equations in Higher Dimensions
by Shi-Hai DongHigher dimensional theories have attracted much attention because they make it possible to reduce much of physics in a concise, elegant fashion that unifies the two great theories of the 20th century: Quantum Theory and Relativity. This book provides an elementary description of quantum wave equations in higher dimensions at an advanced level so as to put all current mathematical and physical concepts and techniques at the reader's disposal. A comprehensive description of quantum wave equations in higher dimensions and their broad range of applications in quantum mechanics is provided, which complements the traditional coverage found in the existing quantum mechanics textbooks and gives scientists a fresh outlook on quantum systems in all branches of physics. In Parts I and II the basic properties of the SO(n) group are reviewed and basic theories and techniques related to wave equations in higher dimensions are introduced. Parts III and IV cover important quantum systems in the framework of non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics in terms of the theories presented in Part II. In particular, the Levinson theorem and the generalized hypervirial theorem in higher dimensions, the Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass and the Kaluza-Klein theory in higher dimensions are investigated. In this context, the dependence of the energy levels on the dimension is shown. Finally, Part V contains conclusions, outlooks and an extensive bibliography.
Wave Forces on Offshore Structures
by Turgut Sarp" SarpkayaA highly regarded senior scholar in the field, Sarpkaya offers a clear and thorough presentation of the physics of ocean hydrodynamics and its effects on structures. The classes of offshore structures are described in a short introduction, followed by a review of fundamental equations and concepts of motion, rotational and irrotational flows, velocity potential, Euler's equations, steam function and other concepts. The remainder of the text describes separation and time-dependent flows, waves and wave-structure interactions, wave forces on large bodies, vortex-induced vibrations, and hydrodynamic damping. Clearly written, with frequent use of italics to provide emphasis for key concepts, and including all mathematical formulae, this will be an essential text for engineers developing offshore structures. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Wave Motion as Inquiry
by Fernando EspinozaThis undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics and acoustics avoids presenting the topic abstractly in order to emphasize real-world examples. While providing the needed scientific context, Dr. Espinoza also relies on students' own experience to guide their learning. The book's exercises and labs strongly emphasize this inquiry-based approach. A strength of inquiry-based courses is that the students maintain a higher level of engagement when they are studying a topic that they have an internal motivation to know, rather than solely following the directives of a professor. "Wave Motion" takes those threads of engagement and interest and weaves them into a coherent picture of wave phenomena. It demystifies key component of life around us--in music, in technology, and indeed in everything we perceive--even for those without a strong math background, who might otherwise have trouble approaching the subject matter.
Wave Motion in Elastic Solids
by Karl F. GraffThis highly useful textbook presents comprehensive intermediate-level coverage of nearly all major topics of elastic wave propagation in solids. The subjects range from the elementary theory of waves and vibrations in strings to the three-dimensional theory of waves in thick plates. The book is designed not only for a wide audience of engineering students, but also as a general reference for workers in vibrations and acoustics. Chapters 1-4 cover wave motion in the simple structural shapes, namely strings, longitudinal rod motion, beams and membranes, plates and (cylindrical) shells. Chapters 5-8 deal with wave propagation as governed by the three-dimensional equations of elasticity and cover waves in infinite media, waves in half-space, scattering and diffraction, and waves in thick rods, plates, and shells.To make the book as self-contained as possible, three appendices offer introductory material on elasticity equations, integral transforms and experimental methods in stress waves. In addition, the author has presented fairly complete development of a number of topics in the mechanics and mathematics of the subject, such as simple transform solutions, orthogonality conditions, approximate theories of plates and asymptotic methods.Throughout, emphasis has been placed on showing results, drawn from both theoretical and experimental studies, as well as theoretical development of the subject. Moreover, there are over 100 problems distributed throughout the text to help students grasp the material. The result is an excellent resource for both undergraduate and graduate courses and an authoritative reference and review for research workers and professionals.
Wave Optics: Basic Concepts and Contemporary Trends
by Subhasish Dutta Gupta Nirmalya Ghosh Ayan BanerjeeThis book combines classical optics with some of the latest developments in the field to provide an appreciation and understanding of advanced research topics. Requiring only a basic knowledge of electromagnetic theory and mathematics, the text covers the fundamentals of wave optics, focusing on concepts related to advances in negative materials and superresolution, reflectionless potentials, plasmonics, spin-orbit interaction, optical tweezers, Pendry lensing, and more. The book includes MATLAB codes for specific research problems and draws parallels with corresponding quantum problems whenever possible to broaden the horizon.
Wave Phenomena
by Dudley H. TowneThis excellent undergraduate-level text emphasizes optics and acoustics, covering inductive derivation of the equation for transverse waves on a string, acoustic plane waves, boundary-value problems, polarization, three-dimensional waves and more. With numerous problems (solutions for about half). "The material is superbly chosen and brilliantly written" -- Physics Today. Problems. Appendices.
Wave Propagation Analysis of Smart Nanostructures
by Ali Dabbagh Farzad EbrahimiWave Propagation Analysis of Smart Nanostructures presents a mathematical framework for the wave propagation problem of small-scale nanobeams and nanoplates manufactured from various materials, including functionally graded composites, smart piezoelectric materials, smart magneto-electro-elastic materials, smart magnetostrictive materials, and porous materials. In this book, both classical and refined higher-order shear deformation beam and plate hypotheses are employed to formulate the wave propagation problem using the well-known Hamilton’s principle. Additionally, the influences of small-scale nanobeams on the mechanical behaviors of nanostructures are covered using both nonlocal elasticity and nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theories. Impacts of various terms, such as elastic springs of elastic foundation, damping coefficient of viscoelastic substrate, different types of temperature change, applied electric voltage and magnetic potential, and intensity of an external magnetic field on the dispersion curves of nanostructures, are included in the framework of numerous examples.
Wave Propagation Approach for Structural Vibration (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Chongjian WuThis book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in the fields of structure-borne sound, structural dynamics, and noise and vibration control.Based on vibration differential equations, it presents equations derived from the exponential function in the time domain, providing a unified framework for structural vibration analysis, which makes it more regular and normalized. This wave propagation approach (WPA) divides structures at “discontinuity points,” and the waves show characteristics of propagation, reflection, attenuation, and waveform conversion. In each segment of the system between two “discontinuity points,” the governing equation and constraint are expressed accurately, allowing the dynamic properties of complex systems to be precisely obtained.Starting with basic structures such as beams and plates, the book then discusses theoretical research on complicated and hybrid dynamical systems, and demonstrates that structural vibration can be analyzed from the perspective of elastic waves by applying WPA.
Wave Propagation and Radiation in Gyrotropic and Anisotropic Media
by Abdullah ErogluWave Propagation and Radiation in Gyrotropic and Anisotropic Media fills the gap in the area of applied electromagnetics for the design of microwave and millimeter wave devices using composite structures where gyrotropic, anisotropic materials are used. The book provides engineers with the information on theory and practical skills they need to understand wave propagation and radiation characteristics of materials and the ability to design devices at higher frequencies with optimum device performance.