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Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Perinatal Women in Guyana: Challenges and Lessons for Developing Nations
by Debbie VitalisThe book documents the history of the prevention-of-mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program in Guyana, as well as the impact of HIV on pregnant and postpartum women’s adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The book shows research work by reviewing the literature to investigate relevant adherence studies, presenting in-depth interviews on adherence perspectives of clinic patients and healthcare providers, and a cross-sectional descriptive study of pregnant women that investigated general adherence to pregnancy-related behaviours and ART, and the efficacy of a theoretical model (Health Belief Model) to understand and predict ART adherence within this group. Author discusses the factors affecting ART adherence among pregnant and postpartum women, since existing studies may not account for cultural and other local variations. The findings provide insight into the local situation, and will also inform policy and practice in Guyana, and the wider Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
Adhesives, Coatings and Consolidants (Science for Conservators)
by Joyce H. TownsendThis new edition titled Adhesives, Coatings and Consolidants discusses the chemical, physical, and optical properties that influence the selection of adhesives, coatings, and consolidants used in the conservation of cultural heritage objects made from a wide range of materials.The structured text guides readers through the concepts that underpin the selection of the material to use for a given object, when making a join, applying a coating, or consolidating a fragile surface. Widely used conservation materials today are mentioned in the context of the desirable properties that account for their popularity, while examples of those used in the past and likely to be found on previously treated objects are also discussed. This volume is not a recipe book. It is a basic primer and an aid to the assimilation of concepts that will become embedded in decision-making by conservation professionals. Adhesives are discussed first and in the most detail, followed by coatings. The section on consolidants has been extended to reflect developments in treatment and ongoing research into more effective and more sustainable products, such as nanomaterials, that offer new possibilities for the treatment of challenging objects. A list of further reading and some practical exercises are included, along with a comprehensive index.Thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent research, Adhesives, Coatings and Consolidants remains a crucial resource for those beginning a course of study in practical conservation and as a refresher for emerging and mid-career conservators.
Adhunik Bharat class 8 - JCERT: आधुनिक भारत ८वीं कक्षा - जेसीईआरटी
by Jharkhand Shaikshik Anusandhan Evam Prashikshan Parishad Ranchi“आधुनिक भारत” यह पुस्तक भारत के इतिहास को आधुनिक दृष्टिकोण से समझाने के उद्देश्य से बनाई गई है, जिसमें विशेष रूप से भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम और औपनिवेशिक काल का अध्ययन शामिल है। इसमें भारत पर ब्रिटिश शासन की शुरुआत से लेकर स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति तक की महत्वपूर्ण घटनाओं पर चर्चा की गई है। पहला अध्याय ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के आगमन और उनके भारत में व्यापार से साम्राज्य तक के विस्तार को कवर करता है। प्लासी और बक्सर के युद्धों ने ब्रिटिश प्रभुत्व को और भी मजबूत किया, जिससे बंगाल की दीवानी का अधिकार मिला और पूरे भारत में ब्रिटिश हुकूमत फैल गई। इसके बाद, पुस्तक 1857 की क्रांति पर विस्तार से चर्चा करती है, जो भारत का पहला स्वतंत्रता संग्राम था। इस विद्रोह ने ब्रिटिश शासन की नींव हिलाने का काम किया, हालांकि अंततः यह असफल रहा। इसके बाद शिक्षा, समाज सुधार और महिला सशक्तिकरण के आंदोलनों पर ध्यान दिया गया है, जिसमें महिला शिक्षा, सती प्रथा उन्मूलन, और विधवा पुनर्विवाह जैसे सुधार शामिल हैं। पुस्तक जाति व्यवस्था और उसके खिलाफ आंदोलनों पर भी प्रकाश डालती है, जैसे ज्योतिराव फुले और डॉ. भीमराव अम्बेडकर द्वारा चलाए गए आंदोलन। इसके अंतिम अध्यायों में भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के प्रमुख आंदोलनों जैसे असहयोग आंदोलन, भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन, और विभाजन की त्रासदी का वर्णन किया गया है। झारखंड के हॉकी खेल और खिलाड़ियों पर विशेष ध्यान दिया गया है, जो राज्य की खेल संस्कृति को दर्शाता है।
Adhunik Vishwa Itihas - Competitive Exam
by Jain Mathurआधुनिक विश्व का इतिहास पुस्तक विश्व के इतिहास का एक दर्पण की तरह है, जिस को विद्यार्थी गण उसे पढ़कर एवं उससे समझ कर भावी जीवन का निर्माण कर सके। भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्य इतिहासकार ने जो विषय लिये है उसमें विश्व की प्रारम्भिक स्थिति, अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय व्यक्तित्व, आधुनिक विश्व की झलक, सुरक्षा परिषद, प्रबोधन तथा आधुनिक विचार, आधुनिक राजनीति के उद्गम, विभिन्न देशों की क्रांति, विश्व युद्ध, शीत युद्ध, औपनिवेशिक मुक्ति, उपनिवेश वाद का अंत तथा अल्प विकास शीलता, यूरोप का एकीकरण, सोवियत विघटन तथा एकध्रुवीय विश्व, एवं महत्वपूर्ण सिंधियों का उल्लेख किया गया है। प्रत्येक विषय तथा उनके उपविषय को अलग अलग करके बहुत ही सरल ढंग से समझाने का प्रयास किया है। विद्यार्थियों एवं प्रतियोगी के लिए आधुनिक विश्व का इतिहास आत्म-बोध दिशा-बोध प्रेरणा एवं सबक का विषय है।
Adiós al 68
by Joel Ortega Juárez¿Qué queda hoy de una generación a la que se le puede reclamar tanto como se le debe? Adiós al 68 rechaza la mirada contemplativa con la que se ha construido la memoria de los movimientos sociales de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y lo que va del XXI. Con la dolorosa valentía que requiere la autocrítica, confronta al fantasma de aquellos que formaron la conciencia de un mundo mejor, pero que sólo lograron moldear uno distinto. Joel Ortega, quizá el más inteligente miembro activo de la generación mexicana de los años sesenta, hace un recorrido obligadamente incómodo que va de la ilusión a la integración en la política, producto de la Revolución que se deconstruyó para situarse en sus similitudes. Este libro no es sólo el testimonio más honesto que he leído sobre lo que vivió la generación de mis padres, es el retrato de un sobreviviente del 2 de octubre del 68 y del 10 junio del 71, donde convergen Lucio Cabañas, la Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre, la Unión Soviética, el EZLN, el rechazo al poder hegemónico, la transición de la izquierda a la legalidad y la partidocracia. Este diario político -especie de testamento ideológico- es la crónica de una vida dedicada a pensar, de la metamorfosis de aquella lucha y el anuncio del fin de un ciclo histórico. Maruan Soto Antaki
Adiós Niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death
by Levenson Deborah T.In Adiós Niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death, Deborah T. Levenson examines transformations in the Guatemalan gangs called Maras from their emergence in the 1980s to the early 2000s. A historical study, Adiós Niño describes how fragile spaces of friendship and exploration turned into rigid and violent ones in which youth, and especially young men, came to employ death as a natural way of living for the short period that they expected to survive. Levenson relates the stark changes in the Maras to global, national, and urban deterioration; transregional gangs that intersect with the drug trade; and the Guatemalan military's obliteration of radical popular movements and of social imaginaries of solidarity. Part of Guatemala City's reconfigured social, political, and cultural milieu, with their members often trapped in Guatemala's growing prison system, the gangs are used to justify remilitarization in Guatemala's contemporary postwar, post-peace era. Portraying the Maras as microcosms of broader tragedies, and pointing out the difficulties faced by those youth who seek to escape the gangs, Levenson poses important questions about the relationship between trauma, memory, and historical agency.
Adirondack Outlaws: Bad Boys and Lawless Ladies
by Niki KourofskyLocal author and historian Niki Kourofsky exposes the North Country's shadowy past of crime and dark deeds. Her wry, lively storytelling puts readers right in the thick of shootouts, jewel heists, bank robberies, manhunts, and unsolved murders. Spanning eight decades of Adirondack history and ranging from Glens Falls to the Canadian border, Adirondack Outlaws is a rollicking page-turner, rich in chilling details and amply illustrated with historical photographs.
Adivasi Rights and Exclusion in India
by V. Srinivasa RaoThis volume examines the processes and impacts of exclusion on the Adivasis (tribal or indigenous people) in India and what repercussions these have for their constitutional rights. The chapters explore a wide range of issues connected to the idea of exclusion — land and forest resources, habitats and livelihoods, health and disease management, gender relations, language and schooling, water resources, poverty, governance, markets and technology, and development challenges — through case studies from different parts of the country. The book argues that any laws intended to safeguard the fundamental rights of Adivasis must acknowledge the fact that their diverse and complex identities are not homogenous, and that uniform laws have failed to address their systemic marginalisation since the colonial era. This work appeals for a serious and meaningful political intervention towards tribal development. The volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of tribal and Third World studies, sociology and social anthropology, exclusion studies and development studies.
Adivasis, Migrants and the State in India
by Jagannath AmbagudiaThis book looks at the contested relationship between Adivasis or the indigenous peoples, migrants and the state in India. It delves into the nature and dynamics of competition and resource conflicts between the Adivasis and the migrants. Drawing on the ground experiences of the Dandakaranya Project – when Bengali migrants from erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were rehabilitated in eastern and central India – the author traces the connection between resource scarcity and the emergence of Naxalite politics in the region in tandem with the key role played by the state. He critically examines the way in which conflicts between these groups emerged and interacted, were shaped and realised through acts and agencies of various kinds, as well as their socio-economic, cultural and political implications. The book explores the contexts and reasons that have led to the dispossession, deprivation and marginalisation of Adivasis. Through rich empirical data, this book presents an in-depth analysis of a contemporary crisis. It will be useful to scholars and researchers of political studies, South Asian politics, conflict studies, political sociology, cultural studies, sociology and social anthropology.
Adjudicating Family Law in Muslim Courts: Cases From The Contemporary Muslim World (Durham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series)
by Elisa GiunchiWhile there are many books on Islamic family law, the literature on its enforcement is scarce. This book focuses on how Islamic family law is interpreted and applied by judges in a range of Muslim countries – Sunni and Shi'a, as well as Arab and non-Arab. It thereby aids the understanding of shari'a law in practice in a number of different cultural and political settings. It shows how the existence of differing views of what shari'a is, as well as the presence of a vast body of legal material which judges can refer to, make it possible for courts to interpret Islamic law in creative and innovative ways.
Adjustment and Financing in the Developing World
by Tony KillickThis book, edited by Tony Killick, consists of papers presented at a seminar sponsored jointly by the IMF and the Overseas Development Institute, held in London, England, to discuss the problems facing the developing world in a global environment of high inflation rates and large payments imbalances.
Adjustment, Poverty and Employment in Mexico
by Araceli DamianThis title was first published in 2000: Analyzing the poverty trends in Mexico during the 1980s and early 1990s, this work is concerned with the extent to which changes in the levels of poverty have modified the extent of participation in the labour market. The period covered is 1982 to 1994, when the Mexican economy experienced an economic crisis and the government set in motion the main stabilization policies and structural adjustment reforms. The author challenges the idea that adjustment reforms have had "social costs" in terms of income and formal employment loss. Despite income losses, well-being indicators continued to improve; and employment statistics show that employment grew despite the economic crisis and adjustment. The paradox of household income decline and the increase in income poverty is explained.
Adjustment to Adult Hearing Loss (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Harold OrlansOriginally published in 1985, the chapters in this book were, with two exceptions, first prepared for and discussed at a monthly research seminar series on Hearing Loss in Adulthood during the 1983-1984 academic year. One of the exceptions was included to fill a major gap in the literature dealing with the experience of persons who suffer a moderate hearing loss in midlife. The other, by the editor, presents his observations and reiterates significant points made by a number of seminar members. As a whole this book shines a light on the experience of hearing-impaired people, particularly the loss of hearing in later life.
Adlai E. Stevenson and American Intellectuals: The Terms of Endearment
by C. Baars BultmanThis book focuses on a biographical and cultural rendering of Adlai E. Stevenson's alliance with a segment of the intellectual community, with primary attention to the years from 1940 to his death in 1965. At the core of the study is an evaluation of the nature of a relationship that was important both to intellectuals, particularly literary intellectuals, and to Stevenson. This volume exhibits case studies which illumine the alliance through a view of Stevenson's relations with American writers Archibald MacLeish and John Steinbeck.
The Adman’s Dilemma: From Barnum to Trump
by Paul RutherfordThe Adman’s Dilemma is a cultural biography that explores the rise and fall of the advertising man as a figure who became effectively a licensed deceiver in the process of governing the lives of American consumers. Apparently this personage was caught up in a contradiction, both compelled to deceive yet supposed to tell the truth. It was this moral condition and its consequences that made the adman so interesting to critics, novelists, and eventually filmmakers. The biography tracks his saga from its origins in the exaggerated doings of P.T. Barnum, the emergence of a new profession in the 1920s, the heyday of the adman’s influence during the post-WW2 era, the later rebranding of the adman as artist, until the apparent demise of the figure, symbolized by the triumph of that consummate huckster, Donald Trump. In The Adman’s Dilemma, author Paul Rutherford explores how people inside and outside the advertising industry have understood the conflict between artifice and authenticity. The book employs a range of fictional and nonfictional sources, including memoirs, novels, movies, TV shows, websites, and museum exhibits to suggest how the adman embodied some of the strange realities of modernity.
Administering Affect: Pop-Culture Japan and the Politics of Anxiety
by Daniel WhiteHow do the worlds that state administrators manage become the feelings publics embody? In Administering Affect, Daniel White addresses this question by documenting the rise of a new national figure he calls "Pop-Culture Japan." Emerging in the wake of Japan's dramatic economic decline in the early 1990s, Pop-Culture Japan reflected the hopes of Japanese state bureaucrats and political elites seeking to recover their country's standing on the global stage. White argues that due to growing regional competitiveness and geopolitical tension in East Asia in recent decades, Japan's state bureaucrats increasingly targeted political anxiety as a national problem and built a new national image based on pop-culture branding as a remedy. Based on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork among rarely accessible government bureaucrats, Administering Affect examines the fascinating connection between state administration and public sentiment. White analyzes various creative policy figures of Pop-Culture Japan, such as anime diplomats, "Cool Japan" branding campaigns, and the so-called "Ambassadors of Cute," in order to illustrate a powerful link between practices of managing national culture and the circulation of anxiety among Japanese publics. Invoking the term "administering affect" to illustrate how anxiety becomes a bureaucratic target, technique, and unintended consequence of promoting Japan's national popular culture, the book presents an ethnographic portrait of the at-times surprisingly emotional lives of Japan's state bureaucrats. In examining how anxious feelings come to drive policymaking, White delivers an intimate anthropological analysis of the affective forces interconnecting state governance, popular culture, and national identity.
Administering Agricultur/h: A Comparative Analysis Of Four National Programs
by Richard GableThis comparative empirical analysis of public efforts to improve rice production in Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand explores theoretical questions in the field of comparative and development administration and provides detailed information on four major programs designed to alleviate the chronic problems of food prod
Administrating Victimization: The Politics of Anti-Social Behaviour and Hate Crime Policy
by Marian Duggan Vicky HeapThis study addresses the management of victims and victim policy under the Coalition government, in light of an increasing move towards neoliberal and punitive law and order agendas. With a focus on victims of anti-social behaviour and hate crime, Duggan and Heap explore the changing role of the victim in contemporary criminal justice discourses.
Administration and Development in the Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography (Routledge Library Editions: Society of the Middle East #1)
by Jamil Jreisat Zaki R. GhoshehThis book, first published in 1986, examines the literature on administration, human resources and development in the Arab world. It emphasizes contemporary societies and their internal dynamics, the least known and most critical aspects of Arabic studies.
Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach
by Jennifer M. Allen Rajeev SawhneyEmphasizing a forward-thinking approach to service quality in criminal justice, Jennifer M. Allen and Rajeev Sawhney use a service-quality lens to address administration and management concepts in the criminal justice system by identifying the stakeholders and their roles within the service delivery process. Students and criminal justice administrators will come away with an understanding of how to respond to customers (often called clients, offenders, victims, and the community) and to changing environmental factors. Readers will also learn how to better address community needs and how to respond appropriately to global and national dilemmas. The authors encourage students to consider the importance of their future role in providing high-quality and effective criminal justice services and challenge them to critique their own views on what constitutes management in this service sector.
Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach
by Jennifer M. Allen Rajeev SawhneyEmphasizing a forward-thinking approach to service quality in criminal justice, Jennifer M. Allen and Rajeev Sawhney use a service-quality lens to address administration and management concepts in the criminal justice system by identifying the stakeholders and their roles within the service delivery process. Students and criminal justice administrators will come away with an understanding of how to respond to customers (often called clients, offenders, victims, and the community) and to changing environmental factors. Readers will also learn how to better address community needs and how to respond appropriately to global and national dilemmas. The authors encourage students to consider the importance of their future role in providing high-quality and effective criminal justice services and challenge them to critique their own views on what constitutes management in this service sector.
Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach
by Jennifer M. Allen Rajeev Sawhney"One of the best texts, if not the best text, for teaching undergraduate administration and management of criminal justice organizations. Its service quality approach is remarkable." —Emmanuel Amadi, Mississippi Valley State University Rethink management in criminal justice. Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach, Third Edition emphasizes the proactive techniques for administration professionals by using a service quality lens to address administration and management concepts in all areas of the criminal justice system. Authors Jennifer M. Allen and Rajeev Sawhney encourage readers to consider the importance of providing high-quality and effective criminal justice services. Readers will develop skills for responding to their customers—other criminal justice professionals, offenders, victims, and the community—and learn how to respond to changing environmental factors. Readers will also learn to critique their own views of what constitutes management in this service sector, all with the goal of improving the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. New to the Third Edition: Examinations of current concerns and management trends in criminal justice agencies make readers aware of the types of issues they may face, such as workplace bullying, formal and informal leadership, inmate-staff relationships, fatal police shootings, and more. Increased discussions of a variety of important topics spark classroom debate around areas such as homeland security–era policing, procedural justice, key court personnel, and private security changes. Expanded coverage of technology in criminal justice helps readers see how technology such as cybercrime, electronic monitoring and other uses of technology in probation and parole, body-worn cameras, and police drones have had an impact on the discipline. Updated Career Highlight boxes demonstrate the latest data for each career presented. More than half the book has been updated with new case studies to offer readers current examples of theory being put into practice. Nine new In the News articles include topics such as Recent terrorist attacks Police shootings Funding for criminal justice agencies New technology, such as police drones and the use of GPS monitoring devices on sex offenders Cybercrime, cyberattacks, and identity theft Updated references, statistics, and data present readers with the latest trends in criminal justice.
Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach
by Jennifer M. Allen Rajeev Sawhney"One of the best texts, if not the best text, for teaching undergraduate administration and management of criminal justice organizations. Its service quality approach is remarkable." —Emmanuel Amadi, Mississippi Valley State University Rethink management in criminal justice. Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach, Third Edition emphasizes the proactive techniques for administration professionals by using a service quality lens to address administration and management concepts in all areas of the criminal justice system. Authors Jennifer M. Allen and Rajeev Sawhney encourage readers to consider the importance of providing high-quality and effective criminal justice services. Readers will develop skills for responding to their customers—other criminal justice professionals, offenders, victims, and the community—and learn how to respond to changing environmental factors. Readers will also learn to critique their own views of what constitutes management in this service sector, all with the goal of improving the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. New to the Third Edition: Examinations of current concerns and management trends in criminal justice agencies make readers aware of the types of issues they may face, such as workplace bullying, formal and informal leadership, inmate-staff relationships, fatal police shootings, and more. Increased discussions of a variety of important topics spark classroom debate around areas such as homeland security–era policing, procedural justice, key court personnel, and private security changes. Expanded coverage of technology in criminal justice helps readers see how technology such as cybercrime, electronic monitoring and other uses of technology in probation and parole, body-worn cameras, and police drones have had an impact on the discipline. Updated Career Highlight boxes demonstrate the latest data for each career presented. More than half the book has been updated with new case studies to offer readers current examples of theory being put into practice. Nine new In the News articles include topics such as Recent terrorist attacks Police shootings Funding for criminal justice agencies New technology, such as police drones and the use of GPS monitoring devices on sex offenders Cybercrime, cyberattacks, and identity theft Updated references, statistics, and data present readers with the latest trends in criminal justice.
Administration in India: Challenges and Innovations (Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics)
by Ashish Kumar Srivastava Iva Ashish SrivastavaThis book offers a comprehensive analysis of the administration in India from independence to date. It examines the major transformation in the administrative service initiated by the ‘Minimum Government and Maximum Governance’ initiative of the Government of India in 2014. In spite of enormous diversity and population, India has made remarkable progress in various fields such as health, education, infrastructure, and technology. Structured in three parts, (1) social sector, (2) infrastructure and economy, and (3) e-governance and service delivery, the book examines challenges of governance and provides insight into different innovations undertaken to address these challenges. E-governance lies at the core of this transformation of accountability, transparency, and time-bound service delivery. Contributions in this book are written by experts working in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), academia, and the private sector and cover a wide spectrum of administration from the point of view of different departments of government, as well as the experiences of the authors ranging from senior bureaucrats to mid-career officers and analyses of researchers on administration and its challenges. The initiatives covered in this book can serve as solutions to similar challenges faced by other developing countries in the world. The book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of administration and policy, civil service, public management, South Asian politics, and Development Studies.
Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means
by Pamela Herd Donald P. MoynihanBureaucracy, confusing paperwork, and complex regulations—or what public policy scholars Pamela Herd and Donald Moynihan call administrative burdens—often introduce delay and frustration into our experiences with government agencies. Administrative burdens diminish the effectiveness of public programs and can even block individuals from fundamental rights like voting. In AdministrativeBurden, Herd and Moynihan document that the administrative burdens citizens regularly encounter in their interactions with the state are not simply unintended byproducts of governance, but the result of deliberate policy choices. Because burdens affect people’s perceptions of government and often perpetuate long-standing inequalities, understanding why administrative burdens exist and how they can be reduced is essential for maintaining a healthy public sector. Through in-depth case studies of federal programs and controversial legislation, the authors show that administrative burdens are the nuts-and-bolts of policy design. Regarding controversial issues such as voter enfranchisement or abortion rights, lawmakers often use administrative burdens to limit access to rights or services they oppose. For instance, legislators have implemented administrative burdens such as complicated registration requirements and strict voter-identification laws to suppress turnout of African American voters. Similarly, the right to an abortion is legally protected, but many states require women seeking abortions to comply with burdens such as mandatory waiting periods, ultrasounds, and scripted counseling. As Herd and Moynihan demonstrate, administrative burdens often disproportionately affect the disadvantaged who lack the resources to deal with the financial and psychological costs of navigating these obstacles. However, policymakers have sometimes reduced administrative burdens or shifted them away from citizens and onto the government. One example is Social Security, which early administrators of the program implemented in the 1930s with the goal of minimizing burdens for beneficiaries. As a result, the take-up rate is about 100 percent because the Social Security Administration keeps track of peoples’ earnings for them, automatically calculates benefits and eligibility, and simply requires an easy online enrollment or visiting one of 1,200 field offices. Making more programs and public services operate this efficiently, the authors argue, requires adoption of a nonpartisan, evidence-based metric for determining when and how to institute administrative burdens, with a bias toward reducing them. By ensuring that the public’s interaction with government is no more onerous than it need be, policymakers and administrators can reduce inequality, boost civic engagement, and build an efficient state that works for all citizens.