- Table View
- List View
Compassion and Education: Cultivating Compassionate Children, Schools and Communities
by Andrew PetersonThis book makes a defence of compassion as an essential and significant quality that should be at the heart of the education of young people. It provides a careful exploration of what compassion means; how it is relevant to the various relationships among students, teachers, and the wider community; and the particular pedagogical processes that can and might develop compassion. Understanding and justifying compassion as a virtue, this book argues that compassion is a virtue central to all human relationships from the familial, to the communal and to the global. It will be of interest to academics, research and students of education.
Compassion for Couples: Building the Skills of Loving Connection
by Michelle BeckerHow resilient is your relationship? Do you and your partner go into "reactivity mode" when a conflict arises? Do you wish you were closer and more connected? We all need healthy, secure relationships in order to thrive/m-/but they can be hard to build and maintain. Where do you start? According to marriage and family therapist Michelle Becker, the answer is with yourself. By learning to practice self-compassion, you are better able to respond to your partner with love and acceptance/m-/even when they inevitably cannot meet your every need. This caring and insightful guide shows you how to stop defaulting to feelings of annoyance, disappointment, or detachment. Instead, using techniques from Becker&’s renowned Compassion for Couples program (plus guided meditation practices with accompanying audio downloads) you will learn mindfulness, compassion, and other skills that bring you closer to your partner and enrich your lives together. For happy couples looking to strengthen their relationship, or those facing obstacles, Becker leads the way to greater trust, mutual understanding, and a renewed sense of warmth.
Compassion in Disaster Management: The Essential Ethic of Relational Leadership
by Mark CroswellerShould leadership minimise suffering? This book argues yes: offering leaders, especially those in disaster management, a way to improve their ability to lead, serve, and protect others during disasters and crises.Drawing upon his own experiences as a disaster management specialist as well as high-level interviews with disaster management leaders from the USA, Australia and New Zealand, Crosweller bridges theory and practice to achieve three objectives. Firstly, to establish the political and socio-cultural context in which disaster management leaders find themselves when seeking to protect citizens and minimise their suffering and vulnerability. Secondly, to provide an empirical account of how certain sociocultural influences affect their efficacy as leaders and that of their organisations, when seeking to improve well-being, provide protection, and reduce suffering and vulnerability. Third, to propose a relational leadership framework centred upon an ethic of compassion, and supported by behaviours, characteristics, and practices that can guide leaders when addressing the causes of suffering and vulnerability across the entire disaster management cycle. This framework progressively emerges as the reader navigates their way through each chapter.An essential text for aspiring and experienced leaders, especially those in the fields of Emergency Medical Services, fire services, law enforcement, and emergency management. It will also appeal to students and researchers in related disciplines.
Compassion: The Culture and Politics of an Emotion (Essays from the English Institute)
by Lauren BerlantIn Compassion, ten scholars draw on literature, psychoanalysis, and social history to provide an archive of cases and genealogies of compassion. Together these essays demonstrate how "being compassionate" is shaped by historical specificity and social training, and how the idea of compassion takes place in scenes that are anxious, volatile, surprising, and even contradictory.
Compassionate Careers: Making a Living by Making a Difference
by Jeffrey W. Pryor Alexandra MitchellFor those who feel that sitting on the sidelines just isn’t enough: A guide to finding meaningful work in cause-centered organizations.If you want a job that gives you not just a paycheck but a purpose, Compassionate Careers is an inspiring guide to get you started on your path. Filled with examples of people who have meaningful jobs in cause-focused organizations, it includes:Stories from people of all walks of life who have jobs that make a difference, including famous figures like Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, and Dave MatthewsInformation on how to get started in a cause-focused careerAn online assessment that identifies the type of organizational culture for which you are best suitedExercises and resources for hands-on exploration of compassionate career opportunitiesAn old Yaqui Indian proverb says, “If you have a choice of paths to take in life, take the path with a heart.” Compassionate Careers will show you how.“Life’s too short for you not to wholeheartedly pursue your gifts and passions. If you find the right mission and the right role within that mission, that’s such a powerful thing. But Compassionate Careers also does a favor for people in that it’s not candy coated. There are real tradeoffs, and it helps people think about how to navigate that path.” —Jonathan Reckford, CEO, Habitat for Humanity
Compassionate Cities
by Allan KellehearOnce it was difficult to see end of life care beyond conventional medical intervention, but hospice and palliative care introduced a more holistic approach, providing quality of life for the dying and their families. This ground-breaking work takes end-of-life care beyond these palliative boundaries, describing a public health vision that involves whole communities adopting a compassionate approach to dying, death and loss. Written by a leading academic in the field of death and bereavement, this text outlines the historical, political and conceptual basis of compassionate cities, providing a community development model for end-of-life care. Moving away from infection control and health promotion Allan Kellehear invites us to think of a third wave movement of public health, joining empathy, equality and action together as practical policies. Presenting a radical new perspective to death, ageing and public health, Compassionate Cities is essential reading for academics and professionals alike.
Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon
by Melani CammettIn Lebanon, religious parties such as Hezbollah play a critical role in providing health care, food, poverty relief, and other social welfare services alongside or in the absence of government efforts. Some parties distribute goods and services broadly, even to members of other parties or other faiths, while others allocate services more narrowly to their own base. In Compassionate Communalism, Melani Cammett analyzes the political logics of sectarianism through the lens of social welfare. On the basis of years of research into the varying welfare distribution strategies of Christian, Shia Muslim, and Sunni Muslim political parties in Lebanon, Cammett shows how and why sectarian groups deploy welfare benefits for such varied goals as attracting marginal voters, solidifying intraconfessional support, mobilizing mass support, and supporting militia fighters.Cammett then extends her arguments with novel evidence from the Sadrist movement in post-Saddam Iraq and the Bharatiya Janata Party in contemporary India, other places where religious and ethnic organizations provide welfare as part of their efforts to build political support. Nonstate welfare performs a critical function in the absence of capable state institutions, Cammett finds, but it comes at a price: creating or deepening social divisions, sustaining rival visions of the polity, or introducing new levels of social inequality.Compassionate Communalism is informed by Cammett's use of many methods of data collection and analysis, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of the location of hospitals and of religious communities; a large national survey of Lebanese citizens regarding access to social welfare; standardized open-ended interviews with representatives from political parties, religious charities, NGOs, and government ministries, as well as local academics and journalists; large-scale proxy interviewing of welfare beneficiaries conducted by trained Lebanese graduate students matched with coreligionist respondents; archival research; and field visits to schools, hospitals, clinics, and other social assistance programs as well as political party offices throughout the country.
Compassionate Communities: Case Studies from Britain and Europe (Routledge Key Themes in Health and Society)
by Allan Kellehear Klaus Wegleitner Katharina HeimerlCompassionate communities are communities that provide assistance for those in need of end of life care, separate from any official heath service provision that may already be available within the community. This idea was developed in 2005 in Allan Kellehear’s seminal volume- Compassionate Cities: Public Health and End of Life Care. In the ensuing ten years the theoretical aspects of the idea have been continually explored, primarily rehearsing academic concerns rather than practical ones. Compassionate Communities: Case Studies from Britain and Europe provides the first major volume describing and examining compassionate community experiments in end of life care from a highly practical perspective. Focusing on community development initiatives and practice challenges, the book offers practitioners and policy makers from the health and social care sectors practical discussions on the strengths and limitations of such initiatives. Furthermore, not limited to providing practice choices the book also offers an important and timely impetus for other practitioners and policy makers to begin thinking about developing their own possible compassionate communities. An essential read for academic, practitioner, and policy audiences in the fields of public health, community development, health social sciences, aged care, bereavement care, and hospice & palliative care, Compassionate Communities is one of only a handful of available books on end of life care that takes a strong health promotion and community development approach.
Compassionate Conversations: How to Speak and Listen from the Heart
by Diane Musho Hamilton Gabriel Menegale Wilson Kimberly LohThe definitive guide to learning effective skills for engaging in open and honest conversations about divisive issues from three professional mediators.When a conversation takes a turn into the sometimes uncomfortable and often contentious topics of race, religion, gender, sexuality, and politics, it can be difficult to know what to say or how to respond to someone you disagree with. Compassionate Conversations empowers us to transform these conversations into opportunities to bridge divides and mend relationships by providing the basic set of conflict resolution skills we need to be successful, including listening, reframing, and dealing with strong emotions. Addressing the long history of injury and pain for marginalized groups, the authors explore topics like social privilege, power dynamics, and, political correctness allowing us to be more mindful in our conversations. Each chapter contains practices and reflection questions to help readers feel more prepared to talk through polarizing issues, ultimately encouraging us to take risks, to understand and recognize our deep commonalities, to be willing to make mistakes, and to become more intimate with expressing our truths, as well as listening to those of others.
Compassionate Counterterrorism: The Power of Inclusion In Fighting Fundamentalism
by Leena Al OlaimyFrom purchasing pay-per-view pornography to smoking pot, many so-called Muslim terrorists prove by their actions that they aren't motivated by devotion to religion, Leena Al Olaimy argues. So why do they really turn to violence, and what does that tell us about the most effective way to combat terrorism? Al Olaimy sets the stage by providing a quick, thoughtful grounding in the birth of Islam in a barbaric Game of Thrones–like seventh-century Arabia, the evolution of fundamentalist thought, and the political failures of the postcolonial period. She shows that terrorists are motivated by economic exclusion, lack of opportunity, social marginalization, and political discrimination. This is why using force to counter terrorism is ineffective—it exacerbates the symptoms without treating the cause. Moreover, data shows that military interventions led to the demise of only 12 percent of religious terrorist groups.Combining compelling data with anecdotal evidence, Al Olaimy sheds light on unorthodox and counterintuitive strategies to address social woes that groups like ISIS exploit. For example, she describes how Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country, has decreased terrorism while paradoxically becoming more overtly religious. Or how Mechelen, the city with Belgium's largest Muslim population, adopted integration policies so effective that not one of its 20,000 Muslims left to join ISIS. Using religion, neuroscience, farming, and even love, this book offers many inspiring examples and—for once—an optimistic outlook on how we can not just fight but prevent terrorism.
Compassionate Landscape
by Humphrey CarverFrom the top of the Clent Hills in England, one can look out over the Black Country to the north and the Forest of Arden to the south. As a boy Humphrey Carver looked at these two landscapes – one synonymous with the harsh ugliness and dehumanization brought by industry, the other with idyllic harmony between man and land. At the start of the depression Carver came to Canada where, in many and varied ways, he has tried to bring the qualities of humanity and compassion to the landscape shaped by the man. His career has involved him in the initiation of, and contact with, almost everything that has happened in the last forty years in the field of housing, planning, design, and urban and community action. This book is a history of the development of an awareness, of institutions, and of policies on the shaping of the man-made environment. It is however more than that. Mr Carver describes his own life and sensibilities, his family and his colleagues, with a trained and compassionate eye and a taut and careful prose. Rarely does one encounter an autobiography of such perceptive and satisfying craftsmanship. Those who know him will not be surprised; those who do not will be delighted to discover a work of such a warm and sympathetic humanity. Humphrey Carver has a message for us all.
Compassionate Love in Intimate Relationships: The Integration Process of Sexual Mass Trauma, Racism, and Resilience (Explorations in Mental Health)
by Josiane M. ApollonDrawing on interviews conducted with Black couples in the US, this book explores relational resilience and identifies unique adaptation strategies that enable couples to overcome the multigenerational effects of violence and sexual mass trauma from slavery and activates compassionate love in flourishing relationships. By applying Appreciative Inquiry (AI) methodology and family systems theory, the book captures the spiritual, emotional, and sexual dimensions in black couple systems that gives meaning to their resilient relationships in the context of contemporary America. Within the framework of compassionate love, the book highlights the need for researchers and clinicians to include the broader cultural contexts in their sexual trauma-informed studies and interventions. Using genetic studies and empirical evidence, the volume contributes significantly to discussion around Black relationships and historical trauma, and to the broader challenges within race relations in the United States. This book will benefit researchers, academicians, and clinicians with an interest in sexual trauma, marriage and family therapy, and couples counseling more broadly. Readers will also find this book useful when designing research in Black studies, intergenerational issues, or sexual intimacy.
Compassionate Migration and Regional Policy in the Americas
by Steven W. Bender William F. ArrochaThis book explores the contested notion of compassionate migration in its discourse and practice. In the context of today's migration patterns within the Americas, compassionate migration can play a fundamental role in responding to the hardships that many migrants suffer before, during, and after their journeys. This volume explores the boundaries of compassion from legal, political, philosophical, and interdisciplinary perspectives, and supplies examples where state and non-state actors engage in practices of compassion and humanity through formal and informal regimes. Despite the lack of a concise and precise definition of the concept and practice of compassionate migration, all authors in this volume agree on the pressing need for more humane and compassionate treatment for those leaving their home country behind in search of a better life.
Compassionate Statistics: Applied Quantitative Analysis for Social Services (With exercises and instructions in SPSS)
by Professor Vincent FahertyCompassionate Statistics: Applied Quantitative Analysis for Social Services (With Instructions for SPSS 14.0) is an attempt to "de-mythologize" a content area that is both essential for professional social service practitioners, yet dreaded by some of the most experienced among them. Using friendly, straightforward language as well as concrete illustrations and exercises from social service practice, author Vincent E. Faherty catapults students and experienced professionals to a pragmatic level where they can handle quantitative analysis for all their research and evaluation needs.
Compañeras
by Hilary KleinCompañeras is the untold story of women's involvement in the Zapatista movement, the indigenous rebellion that has inspired grassroots activists around the world for over two decades. Gathered here are the stories of grandmothers, mothers, and daughters who became guerilla insurgents and political leaders, educators and healers--who worked collectively to construct a new society of dignity and justice. Compañeras shows us how, after centuries of oppression, a few voices of dissent became a force of thousands, how a woman once confined to her kitchen rose to conduct peace negotiations with the Mexican government, and how hundreds of women overcame ingrained hardships to strengthen their communities from within.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Compañeros: Latino Activists in the Face of AIDS
by Jesus Ramirez-VallesTelling the affecting stories of eighty gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) Latino activists and volunteers living in Chicago and San Francisco, Compañeros: Latino Activists in the Face of AIDS closely details how these individuals have been touched or transformed by the AIDS epidemic. Weaving together activists' responses to oppression and stigma, their encounters with AIDS, and their experiences as GBTs and Latinos in North America and Latin America, Jesus Ramirez-Valles explores the intersection of civic involvement with ethnic and sexual identity. Even as activists battle multiple sources of oppression, they are able to restore their sense of family connection and self-esteem through the creation of an alternative space in which community members find value in their relationships with one another. In demonstrating the transformative effects of a nurturing community environment for GBT Latinos affected by the AIDS epidemic, Ramirez-Valles illustrates that members find support in one another, as compañeros, in their struggles with homophobia, gender discrimination, racism, poverty, and forced migration.
Compelled to Act: Histories of Women's Activism in Western Canada
by Sarah Carter and Nanci Langford;editors"Compelled to Act" showcases fresh historical perspectives on the diversity of women’s contributions to social and political change in prairie Canada in the twentieth century, including but looking beyond the era of suffrage activism. In our current time of revitalized activism against racism, colonialism, violence, and misogyny, this volume reminds us of the myriad ways women have challenged and confronted injustices and inequalities. The women and their activities shared in "Compelled to Act" are diverse in time, place, and purpose, but there are some common threads. In their attempts to correct wrongs, achieve just solutions, and create change, women experienced multiple sites of resistance, both formal and informal. The acts of speaking out, of organizing, of picketing and protesting were characterized as unnatural for women, as violations of gender and societal norms, and as dangerous to the state and to family stability. Still as these accounts demonstrate, prairie women felt compelled to respond to women’s needs, to challenges to family security, both health and economic, and to the need for community. They reacted with the resources at hand, and beyond, to support effective action, joining the ranks of women all over the world seeking political and social agency to create a society more responsive to the needs of women and their children.
Compelled to Crime: The Gender Entrapment of Battered, Black Women
by Beth RichieFirst published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Compensated Dating: Buying and Selling Sex in Cyberspace (Gender, Sexualities and Culture in Asia)
by Cassini Sai Kwan ChuThis dissertation, "Compensated Dating in Hong Kong" by Sai-kwan, Cassini, Chu, 朱世君, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3. 0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This thesis is an empirical study on the phenomenon of compensated dating [hereafter known as CD] in Hong Kong. It examines the lived experiences of CD participants and their self-understandings of their identities and behaviors. Drawing from formal in-depth interviews with 30 male clients and 12 young women who provided CD, cyber ethnography of a major online CD forum, informal conversations with CD participants and offline participant observations of various types of non-commercial and non-sexual social gatherings amongst groups of CD participants from the period between March 2010 and December 2012, this thesis examines why and how individuals come to be involved in CD, how they form intimacies in the context of CD and the nature of these intimacies. In the process, it illuminates the emerging social phenomenon of CD in light of the transformation of intimacy, plastic sexuality, new female and male biographies, gender relationships, the advance of information technology, and various social changes in an increasing fragmented and risky society as we enter into the world of late modernity. This thesis argues that CD participants perceive CD as a space for practicing plastic sexuality rather than a form of prostitution. The fact that sex does not necessarily happen in CD, the dynamic interactions amongst CD participants, and the changes of conventional sexual script from a marital, reproductive and monogamous one to a non-marital, non-reproductive, recreational, non-monogamous and even emotionally indifferent one make the CD script more like the mainstream sexual script in late modernity and less like the traditional commercial sexual script. The resemblance between the CD script and modern intimacy serves as a major rationale for CD participants to justify their CD behaviors. This thesis also argues that male clients of CD desire more than just bounded authenticity and that CD relationship is a complex and dynamic interpersonal relationship rather than a simple and static seller-buyer relationship because more often than not, CD participants extend their relationships beyond a bounded, commercial sexual context to an unbounded, non-commercial social context. This thesis examines the factors that facilitate CD participants to transform an impersonal and bounded commercial relationship to a genuine and unbounded interpersonal and/or romantic relationship. This thesis concludes that although CD relationships may be ephemeral, precarious and founded on economic elements, so too are many conventional relationships in modern society. There is an increasing intellectual tension to demarcate between CD relations and conventional intimate relations because while the former underscores the romantic and reciprocal qualities of the later, the later also reflects the recreational, economic and unstable elements of the former. Although plastic sexuality, the transformation of intimacy and various consequences of modernity are not in themselves the causes of the emergence of CD, they do create the contexts of an environment that is favorable to the development and growth of the CD phenomenon. DOI: 10. 5353/th_b5204906 Subjects: Dating (Social customs) - China - Hong Kong
Compensation and Reward Management: Wage and Salary Administration and Benefits
by Sulabh Sharma R. C. SharmaThis book presents a comprehensive account of the intricacies related to compensation and reward management in Indian organizations—a vital strategic feature of HR management. It presents a blend of theoretical concepts, definitions, approaches, methods and techniques related to compensation practices being followed/likely to be followed in organizations. Starting with a conceptual framework, it discusses wage determination and wage fixation practices in India, salary reviews and reward management policies, and processes and procedures, in addition to international remuneration with special reference to expatriates and the remuneration of third country nationals. In addition to examining the designing and monitoring of salary grade structures including salary progression curves, it spells out divergent systems and institutions for wage determination/wage fixation practices in Indian organizations.Rich in pedagogical features, including learning objectives, discussion questions, individual and group activities, the volume also has numerous case studies. This book will be useful to students of human resource management, business economics, corporate finance, corporate governance, organizational studies, strategic management, finance, business and industry, public administration, social work and other allied fields.
Compensation for Wrongful Convictions: A Comparative Perspective (Routledge Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice and Procedure)
by Karolina Kremens Wojciech JasińskiThis book presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the substantive and procedural aspects of compensation for wrongful convictions in European countries and the USA, as well as the standard derived from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The collection draws comparative conclusions as to the similarities and differences between selected jurisdictions and assesses the effectiveness of the national compensation schemes. This enables the designing of an optimum model of compensation, offering accessibility and effectiveness to the victims of miscarriages of justice and being acceptable to jurisdictions based on common law, and civil law traditions, as well as inquisitorial and adversarial types of criminal process. Moreover, the discussion of the minimum European standard as established in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights enables readers to identify how the Strasbourg Court can contribute to strengthening the compensation scheme. The book will be essential reading for students, academics and policymakers working in the areas of criminal law and procedure.
Competence in Social Work Practice: A Practical Guide for Students and Professionals Second Edition
by Derek Clifford Gerry Heery Beverley Burke Dorota Iwaniec Kieran O'HaganSince the publication of the first edition of this classic text, the major reforms in social work education resulted in the National Occupational Standards Framework (NOSF), which requires all social workers to demonstrate competence in a number of key areas. This practical text book covers all areas of the NOSF including social work ethics, residential care practice, child protection, risk analysis and protecting adults with learning difficulties. Numerous case studies effectively convey competent practice in social work practice, and relate core areas of competence explicitly to the relevant section of the framework. Professionals and students involved in social work training, as well as new practitioners will value this book as an indispensable resource.
Competence: Select Theoretical Frameworks
by Roberta R. Greene Nancy P. KropfThe actions social workers take are aimed at helping people, communities, and societies attain a sense of mastery, become or remain competent, and achieve or retain a sense of well-being. Such a broad scope of practice necessitates a theoretical foundation that is anchored in the concept of human competence.This text explores the concept of competence, and shows how it is expressed in a variety of theoretical frameworks, including traditional models and emerging theoretical approaches. This approach toward human behavior focuses on mutually beneficial interactions between people and society, and emphasizes the connections between individuals and various systems that influence their lives. It enables the social worker to conduct multilevel client assessments, gaining an understanding of how clients function within their total environment, and plan a range of helpful interventions.The volume is organized around the competency-based approach to social work education, adopted by the Council on Social Work Education. Written by leading analysts in the field, Competence is essential reading for the field of social work.
Competency Based Human Resource Management: A Practitioner's Handbook
by Anindya Basu Roy Sumati RayThis book balances theory and illustrations to elucidate the application of competency modeling across varied industry domains. The book provides a methodology for developing reliable and valid psychometric tools for assessment. The book elaborately covers two most popular approaches – assessment center and 360-degree assessment – along with their pros and cons and most importantly insights on which approach to apply where.This book will help readers gain conceptual as well as practical insights into competency modeling, competency assessment and the integration of competency models into Human Resource Management (HRM). Apart from covering all the relevant topics adequately, the book delves into analytics related to the design of competency models as well as the setting up of assessment systems. There is a chapter dedicated to designing psychometric tools for competency assessment advocating the use of statistical tools like tests of significance and test design concepts like item analysis, reliability and validity. There is another chapter dedicated to how a Human Resource Department can play a facilitator’s role in setting up a competency based HRM.The book would be useful for students, researchers and faculty of Business Management courses especially those specializing in Human Resource Management. It will be an invaluable resource for all HR practitioners from the industry who want to make competency based HRM work – either by modifying an existing competency model or setting up a new model.
Competency Mapping and Assessment: A Practitioner's Handbook
by Seema SanghiThis book provides an in-depth coverage on competency mapping and assessment centre and includes an extensive list of generic competencies, competency models for HR, leadership, model for future competency, automobile sector, and academic institutions and experiences of some consultancy assignments. It presents the complete know-how of developing a competency framework in detail for all practitioners and professionals. The volume examines ‘what, why, how’ on the subject and extensive support models that have been developed over years of research, consultancy, and training experience across private, public, and government sectors in India, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, the UK, and other countries. The book has been designed to help scholars and practitioners to understand, develop, manage, and map competencies with their organizations. The chapters are illustrated with figures and tables, along with examples, for a better understanding. The glossary of job task analysis will be helpful in job analysis, which is one of the most important tasks in developing competency models.The volume would be useful to both the academic and corporate world. The students, researchers, and faculty of business management courses, especially those specializing in human resource management, will have an in-depth understanding of ‘What and Why’ of competency frameworks, models, and assessment centre. It will be an essential resource for corporates—public and private sectors—multinational organizations, staff training institutions, learning and development centres, consultancy firms, trainers, government and public service organizations, etc. to get a hands-on understanding of ‘How’ of developing competency framework, competency mapping and assessment centre in their organizations.