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Economic Developments in Contemporary China: A Guide (Guides to Economic and Political Developments in Asia)
by Ian JeffriesChina’s role in global affairs today continues to rise. This book provides an authoritative, comprehensive and detailed overview of contemporary economic developments in China. Key topics include agriculture; the market gradually replacing central planning; the global financial crisis; the reform of state-owned industrial enterprises; the non-state sectors; the ‘open-door’ policy (including the WTO, exchange rate policy, and inward and outward direct foreign investment); and China’s economic performance in general. The book continues - and adds to – the overview of developments up to May 2006 which were covered in the author’s China: A Guide to Economic and Political Developments (2006), and is the companion volume to Political Developments in Contemporary China: A Guide (2010) - both published by Routledge.
Economic Developments in Contemporary Russia (Guides to Economic and Political Developments in Asia)
by Ian JeffriesThis book provides a comprehensive overview of Russia’s difficult economic transition from a command economy since the early 1990s. It covers the financial crisis of August 1998 and the global financial crisis a decade later. Key subjects covered include economic transition, privatization and liberalization; changes in land ownership and agriculture; energy; foreign direct investment; economic stabilization; and economic performance. Russia is well endowed with raw materials, especially oil and natural gas; this book argues that in some ways this has not helped Russia’s attempts to become a more diversified and high-tech economy. Overall, the book demonstrates how much the Russian economy has changed in the period. It continues - and adds to – the overview of developments in the author’s The New Russia (2002), and is the companion volume to Political Developments in Contemporary Russia (2011) - both published by Routledge.
Economic Diplomacy: Embargo Leverage And World Politics
by M. S. DaoudiThe 1983 collapse of world oil prices revived memories of a time only a decade earlier when the price of a barrel of oil did not exceed three dollars. By the late 1970s, spot market prices had reached peaks of forty dollars a barrel. A major role in creating these new realities was played by the 1973/1974 Arab oil embargo, which formed the psychological, political, and market conditions for the dramatic price surge. This important study probes the embargo in detail, thoroughly examining its history, the motivations that caused it, and its ripple effect on world politics and the international economic order. The authors carefully examine the interruption of oil supplies to Western Europe during the 1956 Suez Canal crisis, the growing momentum of Arab oil leverage beginning with the First Arab Petroleum Congress in 1959, the decline of the oil companies' domination of the petroleum industry, and the Arab political environment between the 1967 Arab defeat and the 1973 Arab oil embargo. The book concludes with a chapter addressing the lessons to be learned from these recent embargoes.
Economic Diplomacy: Reshaping Bangladesh-Latin American Diplomatic Relations (The Latin American Studies Book Series)
by Mohammad Tarikul Islam Md Belal HossenEconomic diplomacy has become more notable in recent years, helping developing nations like Bangladesh maximise their national interests. Bangladesh is rapidly transitioning from a low-income to a middle-income nation, with the goal of reaching developed status by 2041. Bangladesh engages in international trade with almost every country. Nevertheless, a considerable amount of global trade demonstrates a strong reliance on specific nations. Decreasing trade dependence is required to transition from an emerging economy to a high-income, financially independent nation. Having gained its independence more than 50 years ago, Bangladesh has been slow to form bilateral partnerships and expand its economic activity. Consequently, Bangladesh remains dependent on China and India for imports, while focusing on America and Europe for exports. As a result of this economic interdependence, the dominant global powers enjoy the potential to pursue a proactive stance in the domestic affairs of Bangladesh. By taking steps to decrease its dependency on conventional trading partners, Bangladesh can increase the emphasis on non-traditional trading partners like Latin American and African countries. The formation and growth of a comprehensive economic diplomacy framework is required in this context. The aforementioned reasons generated the idea for a research investigation of Bangladesh's economic diplomacy with Latin America. Argentina now wishes to reopen their embassy in Bangladesh, spurred on by the extraordinary support the people of Bangladesh have shown for their country during the World Cup. In an effort to establish a Mexican embassy in Dhaka, Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard Casaubon is expected to visit the city in March as part of a high-level group. This study shows that geographical distance and cultural differences do not have a substantial impact on building a market position in the Latin American region. Promoting Bangladesh through public diplomacy in the region can assist the country in increasing its portion of international trade. However, this requires a suitable framework for Economic Diplomacy. The book examines prospective economic diplomacy methods for Bangladesh. This book offers fresh perspectives on various facets of Bangladesh's expanding trade relations with Latin America.
Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region, Volume I
by Ashraf Mishrif Yousuf Al BalushiThis volume focuses on the role of the private sector in diversifying the economics of Gulf countries in the post-petrodollar era, when fluctuating and declining oil prices are negatively impacting national expenditures. It explores current policies of countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council and their efforts to shift their economies away from heavy dependence on hydrocarbons. The structural changes will create favorable conditions for the private sector to flourish, shift production dependence from public to private sector, and allow for more efficient resource allocation. Such changes will also allow local banks to provide financial support to small and medium enterprises, boost entrepreneurship for job creation, and strengthen organizational structure and efficiency. This is the first volume in Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region.
Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region, Volume II
by Ashraf Mishrif Yousuf Al BalushiThis volume explores the challenges to diversification in Gulf countries, which can no longer rely on profits from hydrocarbons to fund national expenditures. It elaborates on the problem of weak institutions, lack of coordination between policy makers and executors, limited investment in research and development, and a workforce that is too poorly skilled to compete in the private sector. In addition to analyzing issues in areas such as education, labor, business, and trade, the contributors underscore the importance of using global best practices to overcome fundamental weaknesses in the Gulf Cooperative Council's economic structure that limit opportunities for economic diversification.This is the second volume in Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region.
Economic Dualism and Agrarian Policies: Land Reforms and Structural Economic Change in Romania, 1864–2000 (SpringerBriefs in Economics)
by Adina Dabu Paul D. AligicaThis book offers an in-depth case study of Romania’s land and agricultural reforms from mid-19th century and up to 2000, offering a historical account of agricultural reforms in post-communist Romania in the light of more than a century of social and economic development experiments. Taking a ‘dual economy’ analytic perspective, the book examines the impact of structural and agricultural reforms on the country's economic development and provides an analysis of the ideas and models that stood behind policy reforms aiming at the modernization of an economy and society defined by dualism and late development.
Economic Dualism in Zimbabwe: From Colonial Rhodesia to Post-Independence (Routledge Studies in African Development)
by Daniel B. NdlelaThis book identifies the root causes of income inequality in underdeveloped economies and proposes new solutions for structural reform in economies that have long neglected and exploited working people. It focuses on the case of Zimbabwe, a classic example of an African post-colonial state continuing with dualistic economic structures while simultaneously laying the blame for the initiation of this form of underdevelopment with colonialism. The book explores the colonial roots of economic dualism, in which traditional sectors run alongside newer forms of wage employment, and suggests ways for Zimbabwe to move beyond the ingrained inequalities and asymmetries in production and organisation that it generates. Using a combination of theoretical and empirical approaches, Economic Dualism in Zimbabwe demonstrates how economic dualism can be eliminated through structural transformation of the traditional agricultural sector and reallocation of labour across sectors. The author comprehensively discusses the origins of dualism in Zimbabwe, how it developed in land, labour, credit and financial markets, who stands to gain and lose from it, and ultimately what reforms are needed to eliminate dualism from the economic system. The book aims to complement efforts made by both North and South to transform this structurally embedded cause of underdevelopment and seeks to motivate change in the collective development agenda mindset. This book will be of interest to graduate-level students, scholars, researchers and policy practitioners in the fields of Development Studies, Economics, Agricultural Policy, Labour Policy, Economic Planning and African Studies.
Economic Dynamism in the Asia-Pacific: The Growth of Integration and Competitiveness
by Grahame ThompsonThis broad-ranging student textbook examines the rise of the Asia-Pacific as an important economic region. It looks at the sources of that rise, its future development and the possible consequences for the global economy. The analysis is divided into three sections considering:* how far the Asia-Pacific has developed as a regional system, looking at the patterns of integration of the principal economies* the relationship between the key individual economies of Japan, Korea, China and the United States* how the rise of the Asia-Pacific economy has affected the international economic system.In so doing it provides much-needed insights not only into the growth of this powerful economic region, but also the international context of Asia-Pacific development.
Economic Evaluation in Education: Cost-Effectiveness and Benefit-Cost Analysis
by Henry M. Levin Patrick J. McEwan Clive R. Belfield A. Brooks Bowden Robert D. ShandThe past decade has seen increased attention to cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analysis in education as administrators are being asked to accomplish more with the same or even fewer resources, philanthropists are keen to calculate their “return on investment” in social programs, and the general public is increasingly scrutinizing how resources are allocated to schools and colleges. Economic Evaluation in Education: Cost-Effectiveness and Benefit-Cost Analysis (titled Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Methods and Applications in its previous editions) is the only full-length book to provide readers with the step-by-step methods they need to plan and implement a benefit-cost analysis in education. Authors Henry M. Levin, Patrick J. McEwan, Clive Belfield, Alyshia Brooks Bowden, and Robert Shand examine a range of issues, including how to identify, measure, and distribute costs; how to measure effectiveness, utility, and benefits; and how to incorporate cost evaluations into the decision-making process. The updates to the Third Edition reflect the considerable methodological development in the evaluation literature, and the greater empiricism practiced by education researchers, to help readers learn to apply more advanced methods to their own analyses.
Economic Evaluation in Education: Cost-Effectiveness and Benefit-Cost Analysis
by Henry M. Levin Patrick J. McEwan Clive R. Belfield A. Brooks Bowden Robert D. ShandThe past decade has seen increased attention to cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analysis in education as administrators are being asked to accomplish more with the same or even fewer resources, philanthropists are keen to calculate their "return on investment" in social programs, and the general public is increasingly scrutinizing how resources are allocated to schools and colleges. This text (titled Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in its previous editions) is the only full-length book to provide readers with the step-by-step methods they need to plan and implement a benefit-cost analysis in education. The authors examine a range of issues, including how to identify, measure, and distribute costs; how to measure effectiveness, utility, and benefits; and how to incorporate cost evaluations into the decision-making process. The updates to the Third Edition reflect the considerable methodological development in the evaluation literature, and the greater empiricism practiced by education researchers, to help readers learn to apply more advanced methods to their own analyses. SAGE congratulates author Henry M. Levin, winner of the 2017 AERA Distinguished Contributions to Research in Education Award.
Economic Evaluation in Education: Cost-Effectiveness and Benefit-Cost Analysis
by Henry M. Levin Patrick J. McEwan Clive R. Belfield A. Brooks Bowden Robert D. ShandThe past decade has seen increased attention to cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analysis in education as administrators are being asked to accomplish more with the same or even fewer resources, philanthropists are keen to calculate their "return on investment" in social programs, and the general public is increasingly scrutinizing how resources are allocated to schools and colleges. This text (titled Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in its previous editions) is the only full-length book to provide readers with the step-by-step methods they need to plan and implement a benefit-cost analysis in education. The authors examine a range of issues, including how to identify, measure, and distribute costs; how to measure effectiveness, utility, and benefits; and how to incorporate cost evaluations into the decision-making process. The updates to the Third Edition reflect the considerable methodological development in the evaluation literature, and the greater empiricism practiced by education researchers, to help readers learn to apply more advanced methods to their own analyses. SAGE congratulates author Henry M. Levin, winner of the 2017 AERA Distinguished Contributions to Research in Education Award.
Economic Foundations for Creative Ageing Policy, Volume II
by Andrzej KlimczukAging populations are a major consideration for socio-economic development in the early 21st century. This demographic change is mainly seen as a threat rather than as an opportunity to improve the quality of human life. Aging population is taking place in every continent of the world with Europe in the least favourable situation due to its aging population and reduction in economic competitiveness. Economic Foundations for Creative Aging Policy offers public policy ideas to construct positive answers for ageing populations. This exciting new volume searches for economic solutions that can enable effective social policy concerning the elderly. Klimczuk covers theoretical analysis and case study descriptions of good practices, to suggest strategies that could be internationally popularised.
Economic Gangsters: Corruption, Violence, and the Poverty of Nations
by Edward Miguel Ray FismanGetting inside the heads of the developing world’s dictators, warlords, and corrupt politiciansMeet the economic gangster. He's the United Nations diplomat who double-parks his Mercedes on New York City streets at rush hour because the cops can't touch him—he has diplomatic immunity. He's the Chinese smuggler who dodges tariffs by magically transforming frozen chickens into frozen turkeys. The dictator, the warlord, the unscrupulous bureaucrat who bilks the developing world of billions in aid. The calculating crook who views stealing and murder as just another part of his business strategy. And, in the wrong set of circumstances, he might just be you.In Economic Gangsters, Raymond Fisman and Edward Miguel take readers into the secretive, chaotic, and brutal worlds inhabited by these lawless and violent thugs. Join these two sleuthing economists as they follow the foreign aid money trail into the grasping hands of corrupt governments and shady underworld characters. Spend time with ingenious black marketeers as they game the international system. Follow the steep rise and fall of stock prices of companies with unseemly connections to Indonesia's former dictator. See for yourself what rainfall has to do with witch killings in Tanzania—and more.Fisman and Miguel use economics to get inside the heads of these "gangsters," and propose solutions that can make a difference to the world's poor—including cash infusions to defuse violence in times of drought, and steering the World Bank away from aid programs most susceptible to corruption.In a new postscript, the authors look at how economists might use new tools to better understand, and fight back against, corruption and violence in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. Take an entertaining walk on the dark side of global economic development with Economic Gangsters.
Economic Geography
by Andrew Wood Susan RobertsThe turbulence of the current times has dramatically transformed the world's economic geographies. The scale and scope of such changes require urgent attention. With intellectual roots dating to the nineteenth century, economic geography has traditionally sought to examine the spatial distributions of economic activity and the principles that account for them. More recently, the field has turned its attention to a range of questions relating to: globalization and its impact on different peoples and places; economic inequalities at different geographic scales; the development of the knowledge-based economy; and the relationship between economy and environment. Now, more than ever, the changing fortunes of peoples and places demands our attention. Economic Geography provides a stimulating and innovative introduction to economic geography by establishing the substantive concerns of economic geographers, the methods deployed to study them, the key concepts and theories that animate the field, and the major issues generating debate. This book is the first to address the diverse approaches to economic geography as well as the constantly shifting economic geographies on the ground. It encompasses traditional approaches, albeit from a critical perspective, while providing a thorough, accessible and engaging examination of the concerns, methods and approaches of the 'new economic geography'. This unique introductory text covers the breadth of economic geography while engaging with a range of contemporary debates at the cutting-edge of the field. Written in an accessible and lucid style, this book offers a thorough and systematic introductory survey. It is enhanced by pedagogical features throughout including case studies dealing with topics ranging from the head office locations of the Fortune 500, Mexico's maquiladoras to China's investments in Southern Africa. This book also contains exercises based on the key concepts and annotated further reading and websites.
Economic Geography of Tourism (Advances in Spatial Science)
by João RomãoThis book provides an in-depth exploration of the dynamic intersections between economic geography and tourism, highlighting how spatial, economic, and social processes shape tourism development—and how tourism, in turn, transforms economic spaces. Combining theoretical insights with real-world case studies, it offers a comprehensive understanding of tourism&’s evolving role within economic geography. The first part lays a strong theoretical foundation, introducing key concepts such as the Tourism Area Life Cycle, path dependence, agglomeration economies, smart specialization, and regional resilience within the context of tourism research. It explores spatial and temporal patterns in tourism development, the growing influence of digitalization and smart tourism, and the roles of innovation and competitiveness in shaping destination dynamics. The second part shifts focus to tourism&’s broader economic and social implications. It critically assesses urban tourism&’s links to gentrification, circular economies, and social conflicts while exploring strategies to address spatial enclaves and foster integrated tourism networks in low-density and fragile regions. Environmental challenges, including the impact of tourism mobility on local communities and ecosystems, are also examined. The book concludes by addressing the tensions and future trajectories of tourism development, questioning whether sustainable or regenerative tourism can thrive within market-driven economies where decision-making prioritizes individual preferences over collective well-being. It calls for a reassessment of contemporary policy and regulatory frameworks to align tourism with broader economic and environmental goals. By bridging economic geography and tourism studies, this book equips scholars, policymakers, and practitioners with analytical tools to rethink tourism development and advocate for strategies that are economically viable and effectively sustainable, inclusive and resilient.
Economic Geography: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge Pacific Rim Geographies Ser.)
by Henry W. Yeung Neil M. Coe Philip F. KellyA revised and updated edition of the leading introductory text on the geography of economic life, from the local to the global Economic Geography is an engaging and accessible introduction to the different ways modern economic geographers understand, analyze, and interpret economic processes. This comprehensive text addresses significant questions relevant to contemporary economic life, from the activities of transnational corporations to issues surrounding workplaces and consumption. It encourages readers to explore how spatial patterns, places, networks, and territories shape large-scale economic processes. Accessible, highly-illustrated material presents fresh insights from the field—complemented by relatable, real-world examples that help students understand the social, cultural, and political contexts underpinning global economic processes. Now in its third edition, this extensively revised and updated textbook retains the features and thematic structure that have proved popular with students and instructors alike, while adding exciting new content. New chapters explore how the global economy and global development are institutionalized and governed, the economic geographies of global climate change, economic practices outside the capitalist mainstream, the role of migrants in labour markets, global production networks, and more. Introduces economic geography with a thematic approach including major concepts, current debates, and case studies Revised and updated to enhance international coverage, including three entirely new chapters on international development, alternative economies, and global climate change Substantial new content on labour migration, global production networks, and recent intellectual trends such as evolutionary economic geography Highly illustrated with diagrams and photographs closely integrated into the text Pedagogical aids including key case studies, learning objectives, text boxes, chapter essay questions, summaries, and further reading Core geographical concepts – such as place, networks and territory – are closely integrated into all chapters. Economic Geography: A Contemporary Introduction is an invaluable source of up-to-date knowledge for students new to the field, for those requiring a solid foundation, as well as for a broader academic and public readership with interest in this area of study.
Economic Geography: Alternative Economic And Political Spaces (Routledge Library Editions: Economic Geography)
by Roger Lee B. W. HodderThis book introduces the reader to the many lines of thought in the literature on economic geography and ties these various aspects together within the concept of the economy. The book focusses on the dynamic and integrated nature of economies at different scales and levels of development. Emphasis is laid on the processes at work within economies. The authors discuss the concept of the economy, helping both to clarify the nature of economic activity and to reveal the importance and sources of economic power as the underlying means of control in economies. They also demonstrate that the operation of an economy and the distribution of economic power are critical influences on many other, apparently non-economic, aspects of human existence.
Economic Geography: Past, Present and Future (Routledge Studies in Economic Geography)
by Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen Helen Lawton SmithThe impact of economic geography both within and beyond the wider field of geography has been constrained in the past by its own limitations. Drawing together the work of several eminent geographers this superb collection assesses the current state of knowledge in the sub discipline and its future direction. In doing so, the contributors show how economic geographers have offered explanations that affect places and lives in the broader context of the global economy. Offering a discussion of theoretical constructs and methodologies with the purpose to show the need to combine different approaches in understanding spatial (inter) dependencies, contributors also demonstrate the need to engage with multiple audiences, and within this context they proceed to examine how geographers have interfaced with businesses and policy. This excellent collection moves economic geography from a preoccupation with theory towards more rigorous empirical research with greater relevance for public policy. With excellent breadth of coverage, it provides an outstanding introduction to research topics and approaches.
Economic Geography: Past, Present and Future (Routledge Studies in Economic Geography)
by Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen Helen Lawton SmithThe impact of economic geography both within and beyond the wider field of geography has been constrained in the past by its own limitations. Drawing together the work of several eminent geographers this superb collection assesses the current state of knowledge in the sub discipline and its future direction. In doing so, the contributors show how economic geographers have offered explanations that affect places and lives in the broader context of the global economy. Offering a discussion of theoretical constructs and methodologies with the purpose to show the need to combine different approaches in understanding spatial (inter) dependencies, contributors also demonstrate the need to engage with multiple audiences, and within this context they proceed to examine how geographers have interfaced with businesses and policy.This excellent collection moves economic geography from a preoccupation with theory towards more rigorous empirical research with greater relevance for public policy. With excellent breadth of coverage, it provides an outstanding introduction to research topics and approaches.
Economic Growth and Development in Ethiopia (Perspectives On Development In The Middle East And North Africa (mena) Region Ser.)
by Almas Heshmati Haeyeon YoonThis volume is a collection of selected empirical studies on determinants of economic growth and development in Ethiopia.The core argument for editing this book is to provide an up-to-date picture of the state and patterns of growth and development in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has been under focus in the past due to draughts, war, famine, development changes and the effects of global economic crisis in the country. A main contribution of this volume is that it helps identify selected important determinants of growth and development in Ethiopia and provides an estimation of their effects using up-to-date data, modelling and methods. Taken together the studies provide a comprehensive picture of the state of growth and development, their measurements, causal relationships and evaluation of efficient policies and practices in achieving progress in Ethiopia. The issues covered represent major challenges to the government and development organizations who are aiming at achieving higher growth and alleviating poverty in the country. The studies cover transition from rural agriculture to urban industry and the development of services.
Economic Growth and Employment in Vietnam (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia)
by David LimVietnam has enjoyed significant economic success since the implementation of its "doi moi" reforms, including rapid growth in GDP, exports and foreign and domestic investment, and a shedding of poorly-performing state-owned enterprises. Despite this, however, the economic situation for many ordinary people in Vietnam is fragile, with income only just above the poverty line, and high unemployment, especially among the young. In addition, inflation is high, and the state-owned sector is still large, much of it still performing badly. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current economic situation in Vietnam. It outlines the state of the economy, paying special attention to employment, discusses government policies including on trade and integration with the global economy, and concludes by assessing the key challenges facing Vietnam’s economy going forward.
Economic Growth and Urbanization in Developing Areas (Routledge Library Editions: Urbanization #2)
by David Drakakis-SmithOriginally published in 1990, Economic Growth and Urbanization in Developing Areas is a wide-ranging collection of research studies focused on urban economic growth at various levels of urban and national development. The contributions range from studies of peripheral Third World states, such as Fiji and Malaysia, to countries of the so-called semi-periphery, such as Spain, South Africa, and Northern Australia. In addition the authors cover a variety of thematic topics within the framework of urban economic development, from the provision of basic services such as housing and food, to the functional preservation of historic cores, and the impact of economic change on family structure.
Economic Growth, Efficiency and Inequality
by Satish K. Jain Anjan MukherjiThis volume deals with a range of contemporary issues in Indian and other world economies, with a focus on economic theory and policy and their longstanding implications. It analyses and predicts the mechanisms that can come into play to determine the function of institutions and the impact of public policy.
Economic Growth, Income Distribution and Poverty Reduction in Contemporary China (Routledge Studies on the Chinese Economy #Vol. 13)
by Shujie YaoChina has experienced over a quarter century of rapid economic growth, which has had a phenomenal impact on the global economy. Entering into the twenty-first century implies that China has begun a new phase of economic and social development. Yao reviews the economic development history of contemporary China from 1949 to the present, paying special attention to growth, inequality and poverty reduction. A real Chinese economic miracle should have two important features: high income growth and a fair distribution system so that poverty can be eradicated.