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Genealogy and Ontology of the Western Image and its Digital Future (Routledge Advances in Art and Visual Studies)
by John LechteWith the emerging dominance of digital technology, the time is ripe to reconsider the nature of the image. Some say that there is no longer a phenomenal image, only disembodied information (0-1) waiting to be configured. For photography, this implies that a faith in the principle of an "evidential force" – of the impossibility of doubting that the subject was before the lens – is no longer plausible. Technologically speaking, we have arrived at a point where the manipulation of the image is an ever-present possibility, when once it was difficult, if not impossible. What are the key moments in the genealogy of the Western image which might illuminate the present status of the image? And what exactly is the situation to which we have arrived as far as the image is concerned? These are the questions guiding the reflections in this book. In it we move, in Part 1, from a study of the Greek to the Byzantine image, from the Renaissance image and the image in the Enlightenment to the image as it emerges in the Industrial Revolution. Part 2 examines key aspects of the image today, such as the digital and the cinema image, as well as the work of philosophers of the image, including: Roland Barthes, Walter Benjamin, Gilles Deleuze, Jean-Paul Sartre and Bernard Stiegler.
A Genealogy of Appetite in the Sexual Sciences
by Jacinthe FloreThis book offers a genealogy of the medicalisation of sexual appetite in Europe and the United States from the nineteenth to twenty-first century. Histories of sexuality have predominantly focused on the emergence of sexual identities and categories of desire. They have marginalised questions of excess and lack, the appearance of a libido that dwindles or intensifies, which became a pathological object in Europe by the nineteenth century. Through a genealogical approach that draws on the writings of Michel Foucault, A Genealogy of Appetite in the Sexual Sciences examines key ‘moments’ in the pathologisation of sexuality and demonstrates how medical techniques assumed critical roles in shaping modern understandings of the problem of appetite. It examines how techniques of the patient case history, elixirs and devices, measurement, diagnostic manuals and pharmaceuticals were central to the medicalisation of sexual appetite. Jacinthe Flore argues that these techniques are significant for understanding how a concern with ‘how much?’ has transformed medical knowledge of sexuality since the nineteenth century. The questions of ‘how much?’, ‘how often?’ and ‘how intense?’ thus require a genealogical investigation that pays attention to the emergence of medical techniques, the transformation of forms of knowledge and their effects on the problematisations of sexual appetite.
A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad
by David Patterson"Based on extensive scrutiny of primary sources from Nazi and Jihadist ideologues, David Patterson argues that Jihadist antisemitism stems from Nazi ideology. This book challenges the idea that Jihadist antisemitism has medieval roots, identifying its distinctively modern characteristics and tracing interconnections that link the Nazis to the Muslim Brotherhood to the PLO, Fatah, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda, the Sudan, the Iranian Islamic Republic, and other groups with an antisemitic worldview. Based on his close reading of numerous Jihadist texts, Patterson critiques their antisemitic teachings and affirms the importance of Jewish teaching, concluding that humanity needs the very Jewish teaching and testimony that the Jihadists advocate destroying"--
A Genealogy of Islamic Feminism: Pattern and Change in Indonesia (Routledge Islamic Studies Series)
by Etin AnwarA Genealogy of Islamic Feminism offers a new insight on the changing relationship between Islam and feminism from the colonial era in the 1900s to the early 1990s in Indonesia. The book juxtaposes both colonial and postcolonial sites to show the changes and the patterns of the encounters between Islam and feminism within the global and local nexus. Global forces include Dutch colonialism, developmentalism, transnational feminism, and the United Nations’ institutional bodies and their conferences. Local factors are comprised of women’s movements, adat (customs), nationalism, the politics underlying the imposition of Pancasila ideology and maternal virtues, and variations of Islamic revivalism. Using a genealogical approach, the book examines the multifaceted encounters between Islam and feminism and attempts to rediscover egalitarianism in the Islamic tradition—a concept which has been subjugated by hierarchical gender systems. The book also systematizes Muslim women’s encounters with Islam and feminism into five phases: emancipation, association, development, integration, and proliferation eras. Each era discusses the confluence of global and local factors which shape the changing relationship between Islam and feminism and the way in which the discursive narrative of equality is debated and contextualized, progressing from biological determinism (kodrat) to the ethico-spiritual argument. Islamic feminism contributes to the rediscovery of Islam as the source of progress, the centering of women’s agency through spiritual equality, and the reworking of the private and public spheres. This book will appeal to anyone with interest in international women’s movements, interdisciplinary studies, cultural studies, women’s studies, post-colonial studies, Islamic studies, and Asian studies.
A Genealogy of Male Bodybuilding: From classical to freaky (Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society)
by Dimitris LiokaftosBodybuilding has become an increasingly dominant part of popular gym culture within the last century. Developing muscles is now seen as essential for both general health and high performance sport. At the more extreme end, the monstrous built body has become a pop icon that continues to provoke fascination. This original and engaging study explores the development of male bodybuilding culture from the nineteenth century to the present day, tracing its transformations and offering a new perspective on its current extreme direction. Drawing on archival research, interviews, participant observation, and discourse analysis, this book presents a critical mapping of bodybuilding’s trajectory. Following this trajectory through the wider sociocultural changes it has been a part of, a unique combination of historical and empirical data is used to investigate the aesthetics of bodybuilding and the shifting notions of the good body and human nature they reflect. This book will be fascinating reading for all those interested in the history and culture of bodybuilding, as well as for students and researchers of the sociology of sport, gender and the body.
The Genealogy of Modern Feminist Thinking: Feminist Thought as Historical Present (Routledge Research in Gender and Society)
by Ingeborg W. OwesenWithin much contemporary feminist theory there is a tendency to forget or ignore its own historicity and consider itself as primarily oriented towards the present. This book explores the historical roots of some of feminism's central concepts and debates, examining the philosophical conditions for feminist thought and taking as its point of departure the dynamic relationship between feminist thought and the history of philosophy. With close attention to the genealogy of key concepts such as equality, sex/gender and difference, alongside discussions of contemporary gender equality policy and contextual understandings of central figures including Wollstonecraft, Beauvoir and Irigaray, The Genealogy of Modern Feminist Thinking provides an analysis of feminism from its origins in the early modern period to its contemporary, post-modern forms. Shedding light on feminism as a product of modernity and establishing it as part of the canon of European intellectual development, this book thus corrects the picture of feminism as a phenomenon that lacks historical continuity, revealing a history characterized by breaks, setbacks and forgetting, in which the forgetting itself forms part of a rich genealogy. As such, it will be of interest to philosophers, sociologists, political theorists and intellectual historians alike.
A Genealogy of Public Security: The Theory and History of Modern Police Powers
by Giuseppe CampesiThere are many histories of the police as a law-enforcement institution, but no genealogy of the police as a form of power. This book provides a genealogy of modern police by tracing the evolution of "police science" and of police institutions in Europe, from the ancien régime to the early 19th century. Drawing on the theoretical path outlined by Michel Foucault at the crossroads between historical sociology, critical legal theory and critical criminology, it shows how the development of police power was an integral part of the birth of the modern state’s governmental rationalities and how police institutions were conceived as political technologies for the government and social disciplining of populations. Understanding the modern police not as an institution at the service of the judiciary and the law, but as a complex political technology for governing the economic and social processes typical of modern capitalist societies, this book shows how the police have played an active role in actually shaping order, rather than merely preserving it.
Genealogy of the South Indian Deities: An English Translation of Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg's Original German Manuscript with a Textual Analysis and Glossary (Routledge Studies in Asian Religion)
by Daniel JeyarajFor the first time Genealogy of the South Indian Deities, the work of Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg (1682-1719), the first Protestant missionary in India, is made accessible to an English readership. Originally published in 1713, the text reveals Ziegenbalg's ethos in the emerging European Enlightenment and his willingness to learn from the South Indians. The text contains the original voices of knowledgeable South Indians from various religious backgrounds and presents South India in a vivid, direct and unfiltered way. In this volume Daniel Jeyaraj edits and presents the German original in an English translation. This is followed by a detailed textual analysis, a glossary and an appendix.
Generación idiota: Una crítica al adolescentrismo
by Agustin LajeGeneración idiota nos ofrece una inmersión profunda en la desaparición de la sociedad intergeneracional y el auge de la mentalidad adolescente, que ha causado un gran daño a la política y a la sociedad.En la continuación de su best seller internacional La batalla cultural, el afamado escritor, politólogo y conferencista Agustín Laje presenta Generación idiota: Una crítica al adolescentecentrismo. Según Agustín, las ideologías centradas en la adolescencia del siglo XXI están en auge. Como resultado, los adolescentes están gobernando el mundo. Rigen la forma de la cultura, estructuran la forma de la política, inspiran los cambios de nuestro lenguaje, imponen sus preferencias estéticas y dominan el imaginario postindustrial y el sistema de consumo. Las instituciones básicas, como la familia, también están fuera de lugar en estas generaciones adolescentes.El libro está dividido en cinco capítulosCapítulo 1 – Una investigación sobre el papel y el poder de los ancianos a lo largo de la historia y su caída con el advenimiento de las sociedades modernasCapítulo 2 – La caracterización y explicación de la "sociedad adolescente", el idiota posmoderno, y el gran tema de la identidad que está omnipresente y arraigado en nuestra sociedadCapítulo 3 – El papel de la moda, el entretenimiento y la tecnología digital y cómo han afectado y moldeado la cultura y la política del siglo XXICapítulo 4 – La expropiación del poder de la familia en la sociedad, la omnipresencia del adoctrinamiento en la educación y el devastador poder socializador de los medios de comunicación de masasCapítulo 5 – Agustín cierra ofreciendo un modelo de rebelión muy diferente para la Nueva Derecha (a la que vuelve a expresar su apoyo), cómo escapar de la idiotez política, y rebelarse de verdad contra el sistema establecido.Si estás cansado del adoctrinamiento más descarado de los medios de comunicación, las escuelas, las universidades y, sobre todo, de nuestros hijos, querrás leer Generación idiota, en la que Laje ofrece un modelo particular de rebelión para la Nueva Derecha. Escapemos juntos el idiotismo político y rebelarnos contra el sistema establecido. ¡Manos a la obra!Idiot GenerationIdiot Generation offers a deep dive into the demise of the transgenerational society and the rise of the adolescent mentality, which has caused great damage to politics and society.In the follow-up to his international bestseller The Culture Battle, famed writer, political scientist, and lecturer Agustín Laje presents Idiot Generation: A Critique of Adolescentcentrism.According to Agustin, adolescent-centered ideologies of the 21st century are rampant. As a result, adolescents are ruling the world. They govern the shape of culture, structure the shape of politics, inspire the changes in our language, impose their aesthetic preferences, and dominate post-industrial imagery and the consumer system. Basic institutions, such as the family, are also out of place in these adolescent generations.
La generación perdida: La juventud de 1929
by Juan Francisco Fuentes¿Qué pensaban los jóvenes en 1929? Un emocionante panorama espiritual de la España de los años veinte. «De nuestro tiempo me agrada todo, por eso si me hubieran pedido mi opinión no habría deseado nacer en ninguna época anterior».Corina, estudiante de Derecho y funcionaria ¿Será verdad que toda generación es una generación perdida? Así lo sugiere el autor de este libro, el historiador y catedrático JuanFrancisco Fuentes, al hacer balance de la vida de aquellos jóvenes que en 1929 respondieron a una encuesta del periódico El Sol sobre la juventud española. Sus testimonios sobre la política, el amor, la cultura o el papel de la mujer en la sociedad componen una visión de la vida rebosante de optimismo, expresada con una libertad sorprendente en plena dictadura de Primo de Rivera. Perola reconstrucción de la trayectoria posterior de muchos de estos jóvenes muestra un destino trágico, marcado por la Guerra Civil y sus secuelas, que contrasta con su fe en el futuro unos pocos años antes. La generación perdida tiene algo de El mundo de ayer, el libro autobiográfico de Stefan Zweig. A «la edad de oro de la seguridad», como describe Zweig el periodo anterior a la Gran Guerra, le corresponde la España de los felices veinte, convencida, sobre todo los más jóvenes, de vivir el inicio de una etapa de progreso y libertad sin precedentes. Fue la «generación del cine y los deportes», como dice uno de sus miembros, pero también la de aquellos que lucharon entre sí a partir de 1936. El lector encontrará en estas páginas una imagen emocionante y dramática de la España que pudo ser y no fue.
The General: The ordinary man who challenged Guantanamo
by Ahmed Errachidi Gillian SlovoOn 11 September 2001, in a café in London, Ahmed Errachidi watched as the twin towers collapsed. He was appalled by the loss of innocent life. But he couldn’t possibly have predicted how much of his own life he too would lose because of that day.In a series of terrible events, Ahmed was sold by the Pakistanis to the Americans in the diplomatic lounge at Islamabad airport and spent five and a half years in Guantanamo. There, he was beaten, tortured, humiliated, very nearly destroyed.But Ahmed did not give in. This very ordinary, Moroccan-born London chef became a leader of men. Known by the authorities as The General, he devised protests and resistance by any means possible. As a result, he spent most of his time in solitary confinement. But then, after all those years, Ahmed was freed, his innocence admitted.This is Ahmed’s story. It will make you rethink what it means to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. It will also make you look anew at courage, survival, justice and the War on Terror.
General Crook And Counterinsurgency Warfare
by LTC William L. GreenbergThis thesis investigates the operational and tactical procedures in counterinsurgency warfare developed by General George Crook while commanding U.S. Army forces in southwest and the northern plains. This work includes a brief introduction of General Crook's career before and during the Civil War. The study examines the capabilities of the U.S. Army and its Apache and Sioux opponents during Indian campaigns, which Crook participated in. Inherent in the study is an in-depth examination of Crook's campaigns against the Apaches in the 1872-75, 1882-86, and against the Sioux and Cheyenne in 1876-77.This study concludes that General Crook, through trial and error, developed a distinct brand of operational and tactical procedures to conduct effective counterinsurgency warfare. Though lacking a coherent strategic national policy concerning the Indians, Crook was capable of successfully developing and executing a coherent counterinsurgency policy at the operational and tactical levels. This comprehensive program produced victories against his enemies in the field and an integrated acculturation policy for the Indians who resided on the reservation. Crook's use of Apache scouts and the pack mule train revolutionized the Army's ability to track down the insurgents and defeat them. His use of population controls coupled with economic development provided his Indian opponents an alternative way of life for their societies.
General George Crook: His Autobiography [Second Edition]
by Martin F. Schmitt Gen. George CrookGeneral George Crook spent his entire military career, with the exception of the Civil War years, on the frontier. Fighting the Indians, he earned the distinction of being the lowest-ranking West Point cadet ever to rise to the rank of major-general.Crook’s autobiography covers the period from his graduation from West Point in 1852 to June 18, 1876, the day after the famous Battle of the Rosebud. Editor Martin F. Schmitt has supplemented Crook’s life story with other material from the general’s diaries and letters and from contemporary newspapers.“When Red Cloud, the Sioux chief, heard of the death of his old antagonist, the Army officer they called Three Stars, he told a missionary, ‘He, at least, never lied to us.’ General Sherman called Crook the greatest Indian fighter and manager the Army ever had. Yet this man who was the most effective campaigner against the Indians had won their respect and trust. To understand why, you ought to read General George Crook: His Autobiography, edited and annotated by Martin F. Schmitt.”—Los Angeles Times“A story straightforward, accurate, and interesting, packed with detail and saturated with a strong western flavor....The importance of this book lies not merely in its considerable contribution to our knowledge of military history and to the intimate and sometimes trenchant remarks made by Crook about his colleagues, but more particularly in the revelation of the character and aims of the general himself.”—Chicago Tribune
The General History of Peru: Book 1
by Martín de MurúaMercedarian friar Martín de Murúa’s General History of Peru (Historia General del Piru, 1616) is one of the most significant Spanish chronicles of Inca history and Peru’s early colonial period yet to be published in English. Written over several decades and approved by King Philip III for publication, Murúa’s magnificent manuscript disappeared from public view for nearly 350 years until its publication in 1964. Here, translators Brian S. Bauer, Eliana Gamarra C., and Andrea Gonzales Lombardi present the first English translation of Book 1 of Murúa’s comprehensive three-part work. Book 1 covers both the history of the Inca Empire and the first forty years of the Spanish occupation, up to and including the fall of Vilcabamba in 1572. While the J. Paul Getty Museum produced a digital facsimile of Murúa’s full Historia in 2008, it remained underused and, until now, untranslated. This translation revitalizes the momentous early volume with an introduction offering a window into Murúa’s life and the writing of his Historia, and extensive footnotes that provide the scholarly context of Murúa’s work. This edition of The General History of Peru: Book 1 provides long-awaited access to Murúa’s contribution to Indigenous Andean history and early colonial Peru. The book is valuable for English-speaking students and scholars of pre-Hispanic Andean history, especially those interested in the ancient Andean world and colonial Peru’s literary production.
General Practice Revisited: A Second Study of Patients and Their Doctors (Routledge Revivals)
by Ann Cartwright Robert Anderson‘This study of general practice and the attitudes of patients and general practitioners to it is the most significant book yet written about the NHS.’ This was how the reviewer in the ‘British Medical Journal’ reviewed Ann Cartwright’s earlier book Patients and their Doctors. In General Practice Revisited, originally published in 1981, Ann Cartwright and Robert Anderson compare the experiences and views described in the first study, carried out in 1964, with those revealed by a second survey in 1977.In the intervening period there were a great many changes in the organization of general practice. For example appointment systems and nurses working in the surgery became the rule rather than the exception, and the number of doctors working in health centres or using deputizing services rose dramatically. This study shows how the basic patient-doctor relationship has been affected by these changes. A fundamental feature of the survey is the demonstration that the attitudes and practices of patients and doctors are linked, and that it is possible to relate the experiences and degree of satisfaction of patients to the doctor’s age, sex, size of practice, equipment, ancillary help, and indeed to the doctor’s views and habits.By bringing the picture of general practice up-to-date Ann Cartwright and Robert Anderson provided the basic data for any discussion of primary health care in this country at the time.
General Principles of Thai Criminal Law
by Alessandro StasiThis book is centered around the major issues relating to criminal law in Thailand and aims to offer a detailed and systematic overview of the Thai criminal justice system. It is designed as a traditional textbook of criminal law which provides a succinct focused coverage of all the relevant aspects of laws, judgments, and legal reforms in a concise and readable form. Although all topics have been previously treated in the Thai language, this is the first and most comprehensive work in the English language about Thai criminal law. The book covers not only the legal system, starting from the Penal Code of 1908 and emphasizing the substantial changes that have been introduced in the past decades, but also the deep influence of doctrine and case law. It is built up in several layers, starting from the general rule, to gradually examine the more specific ones. The book begins with the elementary legal concepts to be learned by the reader, by defining the fundamental principles underlying the Thai criminal system and outlining its objectives. It then extensively describes the main offences under the Thai Penal Code and classifies those breaches of law which are crimes from those which are merely illegal without being criminal.
General Studies Environment and Ecology - Competitive Exam
by Indic TrustThis is a compilation of questions answer of General Studies Environment and Ecology For Civil Services Competitive Examinations.
General Studies Solved Paper II Competitive Exam
by Indic TrustThis is a compilation of questions answer of Civil Service Examination 2017 General Studies Papers II.
The General Theory of China’s Genealogy
by Heming WangThis book offers the first comprehensive and systematic introduction to the origins and development of China’s genealogy, as well as its fundamental role in eugenics, ethics, politics and culture throughout China’s history. This book is divided into two parts: chronological research and thematic research. The first part explains the definition, origin, birth, development, transformation, optimization, popularization and contemporary status of China’s genealogy, while the second addresses its styles, content, quantity, family names, format and value, illustrations, functions and other related issues. The book, for the first time in China’s genealogy, proposes several new concepts and perspectives, such as dividing the history of China’s genealogy into seven stages; redefining genealogy; and analyses of the transformation, popularization and value of China’s genealogy. Given its scope, the book offers a groundbreaking and authoritative resource for a broad readership.
A General Theory of Crime
by William J JenkinsMichael R. Gottfredson and Travish Hirschi’s 1990 A General Theory of Crime is a classic text that helped reshape the discipline of criminology. It is also a testament to the powers of clear reasoning and interpretation. In critical thinking terms, reasoning is all about presenting a solid and persuasive case – and as many people instinctively understand, the most persuasive reasoning is that which bases itself on a single, simple hook. In Gottfredson and Hirschi’s case, this hook was what has come to be known as the “self-control theory of crime” – the idea that the tendency to commit crime is directly related to an individual’s level of self-control. While the dominant schools of thought of the time tended to focus on crime as the product of complex environmental factors, with little attempt to unify different theories, Gottfredson and Hirschi sought to interpret things so as to provide a single overarching concept that explained why crimes of all sorts were committed. Moreover, while other theories of crime concentrated on understanding and explaining specific types of law-breaking, the self-control model could, in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s view, be seen as the basis for understanding the root cause for all crime in all contexts. While such simplicity inevitably attracted as much criticism as agreement, subsequent studies have provided real-world corroboration for the General Theory’s persuasive reasoning.
The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies (Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library)
by Jinbao LiuDunhuang studies refer to a discipline focusing on Dunhuang Manuscripts, Dunhuang grotto art, the theory of Dunhuang studies, and Dunhuang history and geography. It is a broad subject of studying, excavating, sorting, and protecting the cultural relics and documents in the Dunhuang area of China.The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies explores the basic concept of Dunhuang studies. It presents a more comprehensive and systematic study of six aspects of Dunhuang, covering the background of Dunhuang studies in orientalism, the history of Dunhuang, Dunhuang grotto art, the scattering of Dunhuang cultural relics, Dunhuang manuscripts, and the history of Dunhuang studies, and discussing and summarizing the relevant national and international research.The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies has extensively absorbed the research achievements of domestic and foreign academic circles and the author's decades of academic research experience. As a comprehensive and systematic academic monograph with both academic depth and extensive readability, the book provides descriptions, theory and objective comments written in a clear and straightforward style; the book is intended for professional scholars, graduates and general readers. It is an excellent teaching and learning resource for those interested in understanding and learning about Dunhuang studies. However, it is also a helpful reference book for readers interested in Dunhuang culture.
A General Theory of Emotions and Social Life (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Warren D. TenHoutenFounded upon the psychoevolutionary theories of Darwin, Plutchik and Izard, a general socioevolutionary theory of the emotions - affect-spectrum theory - classifies a wide spectrum of the emotions and analyzes them on the sociological, psychological and neurobiological levels. This neurocognitive sociology of the emotions supersedes the major theoretical perspectives developed in the sociology of emotions by showing primary emotions to be adaptive reactions to fundamental problems of life which have evolved into elementary social relationships and which can predict occurrences of the entire spectrum of primary, complex secondary, and tertiary emotions. Written by leading social theorist Warren D. TenHouten, this book presents an encyclopaedic classification of the emotions, describing forty-six emotions in detail, and presenting a general multilevel theory of emotions and social life. The scope of coverage of this key work is highly topical and comprehensive, and includes the development of emotions in childhood, symbolic elaboration of complex emotions, emotions management, violence, and cultural and gender differences. While primary emotions have clearly defined valences, this theory shows that complex emotions obey no algebraic law and that all emotions have both creative and destructive potentialities.
A General Theory of Magic (Routledge Classics)
by Marcel MaussFirst written by Marcel Mauss and Henri Humbert in 1902, A General Theory of Magic gained a wide new readership when republished by Mauss in 1950. As a study of magic in 'primitive' societies and its survival today in our thoughts and social actions, it represents what Claude Lévi-Strauss called, in an introduction to that edition, the astonishing modernity of the mind of one of the century's greatest thinkers. The book offers a fascinating snapshot of magic throughout various cultures as well as deep sociological and religious insights still very much relevant today. At a period when art, magic and science appear to be crossing paths once again, A General Theory of Magic presents itself as a classic for our times.
A General Theory of Visual Culture
by Whitney DavisWhat is cultural about vision--or visual about culture? In this ambitious book, Whitney Davis provides new answers to these difficult and important questions by presenting an original framework for understanding visual culture. Grounded in the theoretical traditions of art history, A General Theory of Visual Culture argues that, in a fully consolidated visual culture, artifacts and pictures have been made to be seen in a certain way; what Davis calls "visuality" is the visual perspective from which certain culturally constituted aspects of artifacts and pictures are visible to informed viewers. In this book, Davis provides a systematic analysis of visuality and describes how it comes into being as a historical form of vision. Expansive in scope, A General Theory of Visual Culture draws on art history, aesthetics, the psychology of perception, the philosophy of reference, and vision science, as well as visual-cultural studies in history, sociology, and anthropology. It provides penetrating new definitions of form, style, and iconography, and draws important and sometimes surprising conclusions (for example, that vision does not always attain to visual culture, and that visual culture is not always wholly visible). The book uses examples from a variety of cultural traditions, from prehistory to the twentieth century, to support a theory designed to apply to all human traditions of making artifacts and pictures--that is, to visual culture as a worldwide phenomenon.
General Will 2.0
by John Person Hiroki AzumaAccording to Azuma, the collective will and the general social contract has changed the world's political landscape over the last couple of years. Azuma looks back at Rousseau and Freud then forward to Twitter and Google to express how man deals with their part of the collective will through time. Azuma challenges society's perceptions of general will by looking at three philosophies through both time and technology. Azuma's unique analysis can be as compelling as fiction while making readers feel enlightened in the process.