- Table View
- List View
Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps
by Michael Walton Timothy Kessler Anthony BebbingtonQuestions of equity and inequality have moved to the center of debates on development and poverty reduction. This reflects growing awareness that even countries with high rates of growth can experience stagnating or increasing inequality, and that inequality can itself limit the poverty reducing effects of growth. Indeed, recent work indicates that, in addition to its intrinsic value, equity should be valued for its positive impacts on growth and the poverty-reducing effects of such growth. These concerns are coupled with questions of governance. This is because institutional arrangements affect not only overall rates of growth but also the distributional effects of growth, and are themselves more or less equitable in their structure and functioning. How given institutional arrangements emerge over time, with their implications for growth and equity, remains less understood. 'Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps' tackles the relationship between equity and development, the place of institutions in determining these relationships, and the conditions under which particular institutional arrangements can either block or promote transitions toward more equitable forms of development. The chapters, originally commissioned as background documents for the preparation of the World Development Report 2006, are prepared by leading scholars from the fields of economics, political science, sociology, geography, and development studies. The book speaks directly to current discussions on inequality, poverty, and growth and will contribute to the construction of a historically informed political economy of development. The book specifically highlights the importance of inequality, institutional change through social mobilization, and institutional change through state policies. The authors show that, under certain conditions, state institutions can and have taken a leading role in promoting policies to redress inequitable social relations and so weaken the social foundations of inequality traps.
Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America
by Diane C EmlingInvisible, intractable and deadly—such is the nature of institutional racism. But are there mitigating actions that society could take against them? Diane Carpenter Emling explores this question in Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America. Moving beyond the immediate sources and consequences of prejudice, racism and inequality, to thoroughly assess approaches to restorative justice, Emling details America’s complex history of racism, demonstrating how it becomes embedded in society through land ownership, housing, education, health care, employment, public services and criminal justice. For each of these issues, she suggests actions to restore justice. But societies don’t operate institution by institution, and extraordinary changes will be necessary to address systemic racism. Directed at college undergraduate students, Emling’s book offers a valued contribution for teaching courses in African American studies, sociology, economics, politics and American history. Written in a comprehensive and accessible style, this book offers a much-needed perspective in the literature on institutional racism.
Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America
by Diane Carpenter EmlingInvisible, intractable, and deadly— such is the nature of institutional racism. But are there mitigating actions that society could take against it? Diane Carpenter Emling explores this question in Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America. Moving beyond the immediate sources and consequences of prejudice, racism, and inequality to thoroughly assess approaches to restorative justice, Emling details America’s complex history of racism, demonstrating how it becomes embedded in society through land ownership, housing, education, health care, employment, public services, and criminal justice. For each of these issues, she suggests actions to restore justice. But societies don’t operate institution by institution, and extraordinary changes will be necessary to address systemic racism. Directed at college undergraduate students, Emling’s book offers a valueable contribution for teaching courses in African-American studies, sociology, economics, politics, and American history. Written in a comprehensive and accessible style, this book offers a much-needed perspective in the literature on institutional racism. This new edition includes important accounts and analysis of the political and social upheavals following the Georgy Floyd killing and subsequent demonstrations, the cultural battle over Critical Race Theory, and the foregrounding of race in American politics and institutions.
Institutional Racism: A Primer on Theory and Strategies for Social Change (Second Edition)
by Shirley BetterMany people associate racism with bigoted individuals and radical groups on the fringes of society. Shirley Better argues that racism is much larger than negative attitudes and that it touches the very core of our lives as Americans. In this enhanced second edition, Better explores the historical origins of institutional racism, details its devastating effects on contemporary society such as the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and outlines real possibilities for social, political, and economic change in the 21st century. Racism persists because dominant groups are unwilling to acknowledge, let alone give up, the benefits of whiteness. Through numerous examples, Institutional Racism demonstrates how inequality and racial exclusion are embedded within the fabric of American society. Better explores how racism has restricted equal access to educational opportunities, employment, and housing, and she considers the influence of racism in the criminal justice system. Beyond detailing the sometimes subtle institutional causes and pernicious effects of racism, Better offers numerous strategies for individuals and groups as they seek to combat this pervasive social problem. Institutional Racism is a must read for those whose seek to understand the underpinnings of racism and for everyone interested in the practical possibilities of racial pluralism and equality in the United States.
Institutional Racism: Colonialism, Epistemic Injustice and Cumulative Trauma
by Shamila AhmedInstitutional Racism explores the role of colonialism, truth, and knowledge in creating and maintaining institutional racism. It documents how the manipulation of truth and knowledge facilitated colonialism and epistemicide to create a perpetrator perspective of institutional racism that maintains the illusionary status of equality and justice and continues to conceal the breadth and depth of victimisation.The chapters present an understanding of how epistemicide, critical race theory, post-colonialism, white racial frames, white privilege, and insidious trauma can be used to critique the discourses and mechanisms that sustain a perpetrator perspective of institutional racism and how these concepts facilitate a victim perspective of institutional racism that documents the cumulative psychological and physical harms of institutional racism. The second half of the book provides grounded case studies of institutional racism in the areas of education, policing, the war on terror, and Covid 19 to demonstrate how contemporary processes of colonialism and epistemicide maintain and reinforce institutional racism to negatively impact physical and mental health and contribute to cumulative trauma.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, criminal justice, history, law, and politics, and those studying race, ethnicity, and racism, as well as anyone interested in learning about racism, structural inequality, and institutional racism.
Institutional Reform and Economic Development in the Chinese Countryside
by Keith GriffinFirst Published in 1985. This volume contains material prepared over a three week field trip by the authors in rural China in July and August of 1982 and then again in September 1983. Including field work in the areas of Shaanxi, and the Chongqing municipality.
Institutional Reform in Central Asia: Politico-Economic Challenges (Central Asian Studies)
by Joachim Ahrens Herman W. HoenThe countries of Central Asia are increasingly the focus of intense international attention due to their geopolitical and economic importance as well as their unsettled transition processes. The region faced enormous challenges when the Soviet Union disintegrated, and this book focuses on the reforms of the institutional environment that have been largely neglected. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the book explores key aspects of institution building as well as economic and political governance in Central Asia. Contributors from a variety of disciplines, such as economics, political economy, political science, sociology, law, and ethnology, investigate the challenges of institutional transition in a non-democratic region. The book discusses how the lack of effective institution building as well as rule enforcement in the economic and political realms represents one of the key weaknesses and drawbacks of transition, and goes on to look at how crafting market institutions will be of utmost importance in the years ahead. Making an important contribution to understanding of political-economic developments in Central Asia, this book is of interest to students and scholars of political economy, comparative economics, development studies and Central Asian studies.
Institutional Responses to Drug Demand in Central Europe (Public Policy And Social Welfare Ser. #Vol. 27)
by Flip MaasThis title was first first published in 2002: Understanding the link between institutional contexts and drug problems is crucial to the process of developing appropriate drug policies and drug demand reduction strategies. However, this link is too often taken for granted, with most drug-related research relying on epidemiological, bio-medical or clinical approaches, ignoring the social contexts in which drug use finds its causes and where its consequences are most visible and hardest felt. This book analyses the institutional responses to the drug problem in the States of Central and Eastern Europe, providing conclusive evidence that the drug problem is a social one and that its causes emerge from a broad array of social factors. Charting the changing policy perceptions and attitudes towards drugs and related problems alongside new organizations designed to counteract drug-related problems, the book provides important new insights into one of the most important problems confronting nations around the world.
Institutional Violence against Afghan Refugees: An Analysis of Violence in Institutions in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden from A Comparative Perspective
by Mojib Rahman AtalThe long-lasting political instability in Afghanistan since the Soviet Union invasion in 1979 has displaced millions of Afghans, both internally and internationally. Despite their growing numbers, the challenges that Afghan refugees encounter in public institutions and everyday interaction with members of their host countries have remained largely uninvestigated. This research thus explores perceived institutional violence against Afghan refugees in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The semi-structured interviews provide evidence on the occurrence of perceived verbal violence, and differential and poor treatment in institutions. The quantitative analysis lends empirical evidence to the extent, factors, grounds, and consequences of institutional verbal violence, institutional failure, everyday discrimination, and sense of belonging. Permanent residence, school education, age, having children, country of residence, citizenship, and employment were identified as factors significantly affecting the experiences and perceptions of respondents. Respondents reported negative experiences mostly in institutions that often deal with migration and asylum matters. Legal status, ethnic origin, religion, unemployment, appearance, and lower language proficiency seem to be the main grounds for institutional violence.
Institutional Violence and Disability: Punishing Conditions (Routledge Advances in Disability Studies)
by Kate Rossiter Jen Rinaldi"This was several times with that damn cribbage board. I hate cribbage boards to this very day. They never beat us on the arms or legs or stuff, it was always on the bottom of the feet, I couldn't figure it out." Brian L., Huronia Regional Centre Survivor Over the past two decades, the public has borne witness to ongoing revelations of shocking, intense, and even sadistic forms of violence in spaces meant to provide care. This has been particularly true in institutions designed to care for people with disabilities. In this work, the authors not only describe institutional violence, but work to make sense of how and why institutional violence within care settings is both so pervasive and so profound. Drawing on a wide range of primary data, including oral histories of institutional survivors and staff, ethnographic observation, legal proceedings and archival data, this book asks: What does institutional violence look like in practice and how might it be usefully categorized? How have extreme forms violence and neglect come to be the cultural norm across institutions? What organizational strategies in institutions foster the abdication of personal morality and therefore violence? How is institutional care the crucial "first step" in creating a culture that accepts violence as the norm? This highly interdisciplinary work develops scholarly analysis of the history and importance of institutional violence and, as such, is of particular interest to scholars whose work engages with issues of disability, health care law and policy, violence, incarceration, organizational behaviour, and critical theory.
Institutional and Technological Change in Japan's Economy: Past and Present (Routledge Contemporary Japan Series #Vol. 6)
by Janet Hunter Cornelia StorzInstitutional and technological change is a highly topical subject. At the theoretical level, there is much debate in the field of institutional economics about the role of technological change in endogenous growth theory. At a practical policy level, arguments rage about how Japan and the Japanese economy should plan for the future. In this book, leading economists and economic historians of Japan examine a range of key issues concerning institutional and technological change in Japan, rigorously using discipline-based tools of analysis, and drawing important conclusions as to how the process of change in these areas actually works. In applying these ideas to Japan, the writers in this volume are focusing on an issue which is currently being much debated in the country itself, and are helping our understanding of the world’s second-largest economy.
Institutionalised Dreams: The Art of Managing Foreign Aid (EASA Series #38)
by Elżbieta DrążkiewiczUsing examples from Poland, Elżbieta Drążkiewicz explores the question of why states become donors and individuals decide to share their wealth with others through foreign aid. She comes to the conclusion that the concept of foreign aid requires the establishment of a specific moral economy which links national ideologies and local cultures of charitable giving with broader ideas about the global political economy. It is through these processes that faith in foreign aid interventions as a solution to global issues is generated. The book also explores the relationship linking a state institution with its NGO partners, as well as international players such as the EU or OECD.
Institutionalist Perspectives on Development: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Palgrave Studies in Democracy, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship for Growth)
by Spyros Vliamos Michel S. ZouboulakisThis book depicts the role of both formal and informal institutions in achieving long-term economic efficiency and development. It is organized into three sections: the first section deals with the historical and political roots that make institutions favorable to development; the second section offers theoretical perceptions of immaterial institutions; the last section explores how the various official institutions – such as international organizations – interrelate with the process of development. As both the recent global financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis within the Eurozone have shown, sustainable development is a combination of human, social and institutional factors that interact with each other and go beyond the strictly economic conditions of each country. With contributions from several countries in Europe as well as Iran, this volume offers readers an international and multidisciplinary perspective of the institutionalist determinants of growth in the long run.
Institutionalist Theories of Money: An Anthology of the French School
by Pierre Alary Jérôme Blanc Ludovic Desmedt Bruno ThéretThis book gathers several important texts and offers a general overview of the institutionalist approach to money developed in France since the 1980s.These texts highlight the specificities of the French monetary approaches and display their main contributions to the understanding of monetary phenomena - not just in our developed market economies, but also in other societies. By bringing these works to an English-speaking audience for the first time, this book provides a much needed and valuable direct insight to these rich texts, and contributes to related approaches such as post-Keynesian economics and neo-chartalist approaches to money. This book highlights the need for a global vision of money and a clearer link between money and political spheres. It will appeal to students and researchers across various disciplines including but not limited to economics, anthropology, sociology, history and philosophy.
Institutionality: Studies of Discursive and Material (Re-)ordering (Postdisciplinary Studies in Discourse)
by Yannik Porsché Ronny Scholz Jaspal Naveel SinghThis edited book brings together humanities and social sciences scholars from the various disciplines at the nexus of discourse studies and ethnography to reflect on questions of institutional practices and their political concerns. Institutional order plays an important role in structuring power relations in society. Yet, contrary to common understandings of structure, institutional orders are far from fixed or stable. They constantly change, and they are resisted and reimagined by social actors. The 20 studies collected in this edited volume develop the notion of institutionality as an overarching perspective to explore how institutional actors and institutional practices order and reorder power in societies across the globe. Thereby the chapters pay special attention to the fluidity, volatility, fragility, and ambiguity of order, and consequently to its claims to authority. Employing a broad range of discourse analytic and ethnographic methodologies, the studies show how institutions are discursively and materially constructed, defined, represented and how they are made relevant and become powerful – or how they are resisted, transformed or lose significance – in interaction. Readers will obtain nuanced insights into ways in which differently positioned social actors engage in struggles about how institutions can be imagined and enacted across several domains, such as workplace interactions, architecture, mass-media representations or organisational publicity. This book will be of interest to readers in Applied Linguistics, Discourse and Society, Critical Discourse Analysis, Political Theory and Communication Studies.
Institutionalizing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Role of Science, Professionalism, and Regulatory Control
by Alexander Styhre Rebecka ArmanReproductive medicine has been very successful at developing new therapies in recent years and people having difficulties conceiving have more options available to them than ever before. These developments have led to a new institutional landscape emerging and this innovative volume explores how health and social structures are being developed and reconfigured to take into account the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF treatments. Using Sweden as a central case study, it explores how the process of institutionalizing new assisted reproductive technologies includes regulatory agencies, ethical committees, political bodies and discourses, scientific communities, patient and activists groups, and entrepreneurial activities in the existing clinics and new entrants to the industry. It draws on new theoretical developments in institutional theory and outlines how health innovations are always embedded in social relations including ethical, political, and financial concerns. This book will be of interest to advanced students and academics in health management, science and technology studies, the sociology of health and illness and organisational theory.
Institutionalizing East Asia: Mapping and Reconfiguring Regional Cooperation (Politics in Asia)
by Alice D. Ba Cheng-Chwee Kuik Sueo SudoInstitutional activities have remarkably transformed East Asia, a region once known for the absence of regionalism and regime-building efforts. Yet the dynamics of this Asian institutionalization have remained an understudied area of research. This book offers one of the first scholarly attempts to clarify what constitutes institutionalization in East Asia and to systematically trace the origins, discern the features, and analyze the prospects of ongoing institutionalization processes in the world’s most dynamic region. Institutionalizing East Asia comprises eight essays, grouped thematically into three sections. Part I considers East and Southeast Asia as focal points of inter-state exchanges and traces the institutionalization of inter-state cooperation first among the Southeast Asian states and then among those of the wider East Asia. Part II examines the institutionalization of regional collaboration in four domains: economy, security, natural disaster relief, and ethnic conflict management. Part III discusses the institutionalization dynamics at the sub-regional and inter-regional levels. The essays in this book offer a useful source of reference for scholars and researchers specializing in East Asia, regional architecture, and institution-building in international relations. They will also be of interest to postgraduate and research students interested in ASEAN, the drivers and limits of international cooperation, as well as the role of regional multilateralism in the Asia-Pacific region.
Institutionalizing Gender: Madness, the Family, and Psychiatric Power in Nineteenth-Century France
by Jessie HewittThis book examines the influence of gender and family values on the development of nineteenth-century French psychiatry.
Institutionalizing Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity: Collaboration across Cultures and Communities (Research and Teaching in Environmental Studies)
by Bianca Vienni Baptista and Julie Thompson KleinInstitutionalizing Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity fills a gap in the current literature by systematizing and comparing a wide international scope of case studies illustrating varied ways of institutionalizing theory and practice. This collection comprises three parts. After an introduction of overall themes, Part I presents case studies on institutionalizing. Part II focuses on transdisciplinary examples, while Part III includes cross-cutting themes, such as funding, evaluation, and intersections between epistemic cultures. With expert contributions from authors representing projects and programs in Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, Russia and South Caucuses, Latin and North America, this book brings together comparative perspectives on theory and practice, while also describing strategies and models of change. Each chapter identifies dimensions inherent in fostering effective and sustainable practices. Together they advance both analysis and action-related challenges. The proposed conceptual framework that emerges supports innovative practices that are alternatives to dominant academic cultures and approaches in pertinent disciplines, fields, professionals, and members of government, industry, and communities. Applying a comparative perspective throughout, the contributors reflect on aspects of institutionalizing interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity as well as insights applicable to further contexts. This innovative volume will be of great interest to students, scholars, practitioners, and members of organizations promoting and facilitating interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research.
Institutionalizing Intersectionality
by Judith Squires Andrea Krizsan Hege SkjeieAn exploration of the ways that multiple inequalities are being addressed in Europe. Using country-based and region-specific case studies it provides an innovative comparative analysis of the multidimensional equality regimes that are emerging in Europe, and reveals the potential that these have for institutionalizing intersectionality.
Institutionalizing Restorative Justice
by Tom Daems Luc Robert Ivo AertsenThis new book aims to explore the key issues and debates surrounding the question of the incorporation and institutionalisation of restorative justice within existing penal and criminal justice systems, an increasingly pressing issue given the rapid spread of restorative justice worldwide at both national and international levels. In doing so it aims to build bridges between those concerned with the practical institutionalisation of restorative justice on the one hand, and those engaged in more theoretical aspects of penal development and analysis on the other. It offers conceptual tools and a theoretical framework to help make sense of these developments, reflecting expertise drawn from analysis of developments in Europe, North America and Australasia.
Institutionelle und professionsbezogene Zugänge zum Kinderschutz: Prävention – Kinderschutz – Kinderrechte (Edition Centaurus - Perspektiven Sozialer Arbeit in Theorie und Praxis)
by Elke Schierer Annette Rabe Birgit GronerDas Thema Kinderschutz wird in diesem Band multiperspektivisch auf Ebene der Prävention, des Kinderschutzes per se und der Kinderrechte betrachtet und diskutiert. Hierbei spielen institutionelle und professionsbezogene Zugänge und Entwicklungen eine wesentliche Rolle. Das Aufwachsen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der heutigen Gesellschaft geschieht in einer Spätmoderne, die gekennzeichnet ist von gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen in verschiedenen Bereichen. Die Veränderungen in den Teilsystemen, zu denen Kinder und Jugendliche gehören wie Familien und Institutionen des öffentlichen Lebens, sind interdependent mit anderen Teilsystemen. Die Subjektorientierung und Anerkennung von Kinderrechten darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass diese Verschränkung der geteilten Verantwortung im Kontext der Transformationsprozesse ein gelingendes Aufwachsen nicht an allen Orten und für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen ermöglicht. Die Beiträge des Bandes beziehen sich auf diese Prozesse und versuchen, dem Thema Kinderschutz in der Gesamtheit gerecht zu werden.
Institutions Inc.
by Peter Walgenbach Elke WeikInstitutions Incorporated draws together aspects of human and organizational corporeality and links them to institutions. Throughout European anthropology and culture the body has been conceptualized as the 'dark side' to soul and reason. This book explores the 'dark side' of institutions, their materiality and the bodily involvement of their users, in an environment where perfection is measured in intangible entities, notably reason and will. This innovative collection takes a closer look at the interplay of the symbolic and the material, and the triad of institutions, bodies and corporations. This exciting research examines what the tangible, 'dark side' of institutions means both for those who live in them, and those who study them.
Institutions Inc.
by Peter Walgenbach Elke WeikInstitutions Incorporated draws together aspects of human and organizational corporeality and links them to institutions. Throughout European anthropology and culture the body has been conceptualized as the 'dark side' to soul and reason. This book explores the 'dark side' of institutions, their materiality and the bodily involvement of their users, in an environment where perfection is measured in intangible entities, notably reason and will. This innovative collection takes a closer look at the interplay of the symbolic and the material, and the triad of institutions, bodies and corporations. This exciting research examines what the tangible, 'dark side' of institutions means both for those who live in them, and those who study them.
Institutions and Economic Growth in Asia: The Case of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia (Routledge Economic Growth and Development Series)
by Flora Huang Horace YeungThis book explores the role of institutions in economic growth, looking in particular at specific Asian countries and at particular cities within those countries. It considers a wide range of factors besides institutions, including the law, cultural factors and overall government arrangements. The differences between the countries studied are highlighted, and the impact of these differences assessed: the impact of English common law on arrangements in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia; sharia law in Malaysia; the differing lengths of time of colonial rule; the extent to which Chinese family businesses control an economy. Also studied are the degree to which the law is effectively applied, and a range of other social, economic and cultural factors. The book’s conclusions as to which factors have the greatest impact will be of considerable interest to economists of Asia and those interested in economic growth more widely.