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Institutional Violence and Disability: Punishing Conditions (Routledge Advances in Disability Studies)
by Kate Rossiter Jen Rinaldi"This was several times with that damn cribbage board. I hate cribbage boards to this very day. They never beat us on the arms or legs or stuff, it was always on the bottom of the feet, I couldn't figure it out." Brian L., Huronia Regional Centre Survivor Over the past two decades, the public has borne witness to ongoing revelations of shocking, intense, and even sadistic forms of violence in spaces meant to provide care. This has been particularly true in institutions designed to care for people with disabilities. In this work, the authors not only describe institutional violence, but work to make sense of how and why institutional violence within care settings is both so pervasive and so profound. Drawing on a wide range of primary data, including oral histories of institutional survivors and staff, ethnographic observation, legal proceedings and archival data, this book asks: What does institutional violence look like in practice and how might it be usefully categorized? How have extreme forms violence and neglect come to be the cultural norm across institutions? What organizational strategies in institutions foster the abdication of personal morality and therefore violence? How is institutional care the crucial "first step" in creating a culture that accepts violence as the norm? This highly interdisciplinary work develops scholarly analysis of the history and importance of institutional violence and, as such, is of particular interest to scholars whose work engages with issues of disability, health care law and policy, violence, incarceration, organizational behaviour, and critical theory.
The Institutionalisation of Civic Initiatives: Practices, Public Effects and Models of Direct Civic Action in Europe
by Francesco CampagnariThis book examines two civic initiatives in Europe and analyses their evolution through the institutionalisation of their practices, local public effects, and established models for action at broader scales.Drawing from the concepts of civic action, problematic situations, public problems, and experience, this book coins the concept of direct civic action to explore civic initiatives beyond sectorial categories. It draws from the histories, everyday activities, and encounters with new problematic situations of a Slovak and a French initiative. It analyses the institutionalisation of their internal practices, their public cultural services, the models for action they establish in broader networks of initiatives, and how institutionalisation affects their experimentation and innovation. This book uses two case studies of civic initiatives in France and Slovakia, examining how the experimental and institutionalised approaches to problematic situations of civic initiatives are associated with the generation and continuative reproduction of public goods and policies. It also explores how local initiatives establish national and international networks and models for direct civic action.This book is aimed at scholars interested in civic initiatives, urban planning, public policies, innovation studies, and urban sociology. It is intended to engage members of civic initiatives by offering insights into organisational dynamics and their impact on public issues. Furthermore, it appeals to public officials and policy-makers who aim to establish policies that promote civic initiatives and encourage direct civic action.
The Institutionalisation of Disaster Risk Reduction: South Africa and Neoliberal Governmentality (Routledge Studies in Hazards, Disaster Risk and Climate Change)
by Gideon van RietThe past three decades have seen a global shift in disaster management from an event driven response to a ‘could-be’ risk management approach. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has become entrenched as a dominant paradigm within the field of disaster management. More than a decade after adopting DRR legislation in South Africa there remains a dearth of evidence that this has translated into substantive action. This book examines the institutionalisation of DRR in South Africa, conceived of as a political economy of knowledge production. Using a critical theory approach, the book does not consider why DRR is failing but instead asks ‘why DRR?’ As such, it explores possibilities beyond DRR’s narrow optic and offers new insights into disaster management through the lens of South Africa. This is valuable reading for graduate students and academics working in disaster studies, geography, public policy and development/post-development studies, as well as policy makers.
Institutionalised Dreams: The Art of Managing Foreign Aid (EASA Series #38)
by Elżbieta DrążkiewiczUsing examples from Poland, Elżbieta Drążkiewicz explores the question of why states become donors and individuals decide to share their wealth with others through foreign aid. She comes to the conclusion that the concept of foreign aid requires the establishment of a specific moral economy which links national ideologies and local cultures of charitable giving with broader ideas about the global political economy. It is through these processes that faith in foreign aid interventions as a solution to global issues is generated. The book also explores the relationship linking a state institution with its NGO partners, as well as international players such as the EU or OECD.
Institutionalist Perspectives on Development: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Palgrave Studies in Democracy, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship for Growth)
by Spyros Vliamos Michel S. ZouboulakisThis book depicts the role of both formal and informal institutions in achieving long-term economic efficiency and development. It is organized into three sections: the first section deals with the historical and political roots that make institutions favorable to development; the second section offers theoretical perceptions of immaterial institutions; the last section explores how the various official institutions – such as international organizations – interrelate with the process of development. As both the recent global financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis within the Eurozone have shown, sustainable development is a combination of human, social and institutional factors that interact with each other and go beyond the strictly economic conditions of each country. With contributions from several countries in Europe as well as Iran, this volume offers readers an international and multidisciplinary perspective of the institutionalist determinants of growth in the long run.
Institutionalist Theories of Money: An Anthology of the French School
by Pierre Alary Jérôme Blanc Ludovic Desmedt Bruno ThéretThis book gathers several important texts and offers a general overview of the institutionalist approach to money developed in France since the 1980s.These texts highlight the specificities of the French monetary approaches and display their main contributions to the understanding of monetary phenomena - not just in our developed market economies, but also in other societies. By bringing these works to an English-speaking audience for the first time, this book provides a much needed and valuable direct insight to these rich texts, and contributes to related approaches such as post-Keynesian economics and neo-chartalist approaches to money. This book highlights the need for a global vision of money and a clearer link between money and political spheres. It will appeal to students and researchers across various disciplines including but not limited to economics, anthropology, sociology, history and philosophy.
Institutionality: Studies of Discursive and Material (Re-)ordering (Postdisciplinary Studies in Discourse)
by Yannik Porsché Ronny Scholz Jaspal Naveel SinghThis edited book brings together humanities and social sciences scholars from the various disciplines at the nexus of discourse studies and ethnography to reflect on questions of institutional practices and their political concerns. Institutional order plays an important role in structuring power relations in society. Yet, contrary to common understandings of structure, institutional orders are far from fixed or stable. They constantly change, and they are resisted and reimagined by social actors. The 20 studies collected in this edited volume develop the notion of institutionality as an overarching perspective to explore how institutional actors and institutional practices order and reorder power in societies across the globe. Thereby the chapters pay special attention to the fluidity, volatility, fragility, and ambiguity of order, and consequently to its claims to authority. Employing a broad range of discourse analytic and ethnographic methodologies, the studies show how institutions are discursively and materially constructed, defined, represented and how they are made relevant and become powerful – or how they are resisted, transformed or lose significance – in interaction. Readers will obtain nuanced insights into ways in which differently positioned social actors engage in struggles about how institutions can be imagined and enacted across several domains, such as workplace interactions, architecture, mass-media representations or organisational publicity. This book will be of interest to readers in Applied Linguistics, Discourse and Society, Critical Discourse Analysis, Political Theory and Communication Studies.
The Institutionalization of Educational Cinema: North America and Europe in the 1910s and 1920s
by Marina Dahlquist and Joel FrykholmEssays by scholars on how film has been used by schools, libraries, governments, and organizations for educational purposes.The potential of films to educate has been crucial for the development of cinema intended to influence culture, and is as important as conceptions of film as a form of art, science, industry, or entertainment. Using the concept of institutionalization as a heuristic for generating new approaches to the history of educational cinema, contributors to this volume study the co-evolving discourses, cultural practices, technical standards, and institutional frameworks that transformed educational cinema from a convincing idea into an enduring genre. The Institutionalization of Educational Cinema examines the methods of production, distribution, and exhibition established for the use of educational films within institutions—such as schools, libraries, and industrial settings—in various national and international contexts and takes a close look at the networks of organizations, individuals, and government agencies that were created as a result of these films’ circulation. Through case studies of educational cinemas in different North American and European countries that explore various modes of institutionalization of educational film, this book highlights the wide range of vested interests that framed the birth of educational and nontheatrical cinema.
The Institutionalization of Educational Cinema: North America and Europe in the 1910s and 1920s
by Marina Dahlquist and Joel FrykholmEssays by scholars on how film has been used by schools, libraries, governments, and organizations for educational purposes.The potential of films to educate has been crucial for the development of cinema intended to influence culture, and is as important as conceptions of film as a form of art, science, industry, or entertainment. Using the concept of institutionalization as a heuristic for generating new approaches to the history of educational cinema, contributors to this volume study the co-evolving discourses, cultural practices, technical standards, and institutional frameworks that transformed educational cinema from a convincing idea into an enduring genre. The Institutionalization of Educational Cinema examines the methods of production, distribution, and exhibition established for the use of educational films within institutions—such as schools, libraries, and industrial settings—in various national and international contexts and takes a close look at the networks of organizations, individuals, and government agencies that were created as a result of these films’ circulation. Through case studies of educational cinemas in different North American and European countries that explore various modes of institutionalization of educational film, this book highlights the wide range of vested interests that framed the birth of educational and nontheatrical cinema.
The Institutionalization of Social Welfare: A Study of Medicalizing Management (Routledge Advances in Sociology #Vol. 30)
by Mikael HolmqvistToday most countries rely on formally organized welfare programs - in some cases to the extent that they are labeled "welfare states". These programs, which have been constructed over the last decades, make up a larger national and international system of good intentions. Overall, it appears inconceivable to imagine "civilized society" without a comprehensive organizational system of social welfare. Social welfare has become a "holy cow" in many societies; an institutionalized aspect of modern life. But how does the institutionalization of social welfare occur through the concrete activities it enacts; and why does the institutionalization of social welfare appear to be so particularly successful in relation to other institutionalizing phenomena? These are central problems for any sociological analysis of contemporary society’s organization and are the main locus of attention of this book. Holmqvist explores how a social welfare organization becomes a self-evident phenomenon by "medicalizing" its environment: a way of "solving" social problems by viewing and treating them as medical problems. This study generates new understandings of how institutionalization of organizations comes about and contributes fresh insight to the area of social welfare policies.
Institutionalizing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Role of Science, Professionalism, and Regulatory Control
by Alexander Styhre Rebecka ArmanReproductive medicine has been very successful at developing new therapies in recent years and people having difficulties conceiving have more options available to them than ever before. These developments have led to a new institutional landscape emerging and this innovative volume explores how health and social structures are being developed and reconfigured to take into account the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF treatments. Using Sweden as a central case study, it explores how the process of institutionalizing new assisted reproductive technologies includes regulatory agencies, ethical committees, political bodies and discourses, scientific communities, patient and activists groups, and entrepreneurial activities in the existing clinics and new entrants to the industry. It draws on new theoretical developments in institutional theory and outlines how health innovations are always embedded in social relations including ethical, political, and financial concerns. This book will be of interest to advanced students and academics in health management, science and technology studies, the sociology of health and illness and organisational theory.
Institutionalizing East Asia: Mapping and Reconfiguring Regional Cooperation (Politics in Asia)
by Alice D. Ba Cheng-Chwee Kuik Sueo SudoInstitutional activities have remarkably transformed East Asia, a region once known for the absence of regionalism and regime-building efforts. Yet the dynamics of this Asian institutionalization have remained an understudied area of research. This book offers one of the first scholarly attempts to clarify what constitutes institutionalization in East Asia and to systematically trace the origins, discern the features, and analyze the prospects of ongoing institutionalization processes in the world’s most dynamic region. Institutionalizing East Asia comprises eight essays, grouped thematically into three sections. Part I considers East and Southeast Asia as focal points of inter-state exchanges and traces the institutionalization of inter-state cooperation first among the Southeast Asian states and then among those of the wider East Asia. Part II examines the institutionalization of regional collaboration in four domains: economy, security, natural disaster relief, and ethnic conflict management. Part III discusses the institutionalization dynamics at the sub-regional and inter-regional levels. The essays in this book offer a useful source of reference for scholars and researchers specializing in East Asia, regional architecture, and institution-building in international relations. They will also be of interest to postgraduate and research students interested in ASEAN, the drivers and limits of international cooperation, as well as the role of regional multilateralism in the Asia-Pacific region.
Institutionalizing Gender: Madness, the Family, and Psychiatric Power in Nineteenth-Century France
by Jessie HewittThis book examines the influence of gender and family values on the development of nineteenth-century French psychiatry.
Institutionalizing Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity: Collaboration across Cultures and Communities (Research and Teaching in Environmental Studies)
by Bianca Vienni Baptista and Julie Thompson KleinInstitutionalizing Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity fills a gap in the current literature by systematizing and comparing a wide international scope of case studies illustrating varied ways of institutionalizing theory and practice. This collection comprises three parts. After an introduction of overall themes, Part I presents case studies on institutionalizing. Part II focuses on transdisciplinary examples, while Part III includes cross-cutting themes, such as funding, evaluation, and intersections between epistemic cultures. With expert contributions from authors representing projects and programs in Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, Russia and South Caucuses, Latin and North America, this book brings together comparative perspectives on theory and practice, while also describing strategies and models of change. Each chapter identifies dimensions inherent in fostering effective and sustainable practices. Together they advance both analysis and action-related challenges. The proposed conceptual framework that emerges supports innovative practices that are alternatives to dominant academic cultures and approaches in pertinent disciplines, fields, professionals, and members of government, industry, and communities. Applying a comparative perspective throughout, the contributors reflect on aspects of institutionalizing interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity as well as insights applicable to further contexts. This innovative volume will be of great interest to students, scholars, practitioners, and members of organizations promoting and facilitating interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research.
Institutionalizing Intersectionality
by Andrea Krizsan Hege Skjeie Judith SquiresAn exploration of the ways that multiple inequalities are being addressed in Europe. Using country-based and region-specific case studies it provides an innovative comparative analysis of the multidimensional equality regimes that are emerging in Europe, and reveals the potential that these have for institutionalizing intersectionality.
Institutionalizing Restorative Justice
by Ivo Aertsen Tom Daems Luc RobertThis new book aims to explore the key issues and debates surrounding the question of the incorporation and institutionalisation of restorative justice within existing penal and criminal justice systems, an increasingly pressing issue given the rapid spread of restorative justice worldwide at both national and international levels. In doing so it aims to build bridges between those concerned with the practical institutionalisation of restorative justice on the one hand, and those engaged in more theoretical aspects of penal development and analysis on the other. It offers conceptual tools and a theoretical framework to help make sense of these developments, reflecting expertise drawn from analysis of developments in Europe, North America and Australasia.
Institutionelle und professionsbezogene Zugänge zum Kinderschutz: Prävention – Kinderschutz – Kinderrechte (Edition Centaurus - Perspektiven Sozialer Arbeit in Theorie und Praxis)
by Elke Schierer Annette Rabe Birgit GronerDas Thema Kinderschutz wird in diesem Band multiperspektivisch auf Ebene der Prävention, des Kinderschutzes per se und der Kinderrechte betrachtet und diskutiert. Hierbei spielen institutionelle und professionsbezogene Zugänge und Entwicklungen eine wesentliche Rolle. Das Aufwachsen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der heutigen Gesellschaft geschieht in einer Spätmoderne, die gekennzeichnet ist von gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen in verschiedenen Bereichen. Die Veränderungen in den Teilsystemen, zu denen Kinder und Jugendliche gehören wie Familien und Institutionen des öffentlichen Lebens, sind interdependent mit anderen Teilsystemen. Die Subjektorientierung und Anerkennung von Kinderrechten darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass diese Verschränkung der geteilten Verantwortung im Kontext der Transformationsprozesse ein gelingendes Aufwachsen nicht an allen Orten und für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen ermöglicht. Die Beiträge des Bandes beziehen sich auf diese Prozesse und versuchen, dem Thema Kinderschutz in der Gesamtheit gerecht zu werden.
Institutions and Economic Growth in Asia: The Case of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia (Routledge Economic Growth and Development Series)
by Flora Huang Horace YeungThis book explores the role of institutions in economic growth, looking in particular at specific Asian countries and at particular cities within those countries. It considers a wide range of factors besides institutions, including the law, cultural factors and overall government arrangements. The differences between the countries studied are highlighted, and the impact of these differences assessed: the impact of English common law on arrangements in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia; sharia law in Malaysia; the differing lengths of time of colonial rule; the extent to which Chinese family businesses control an economy. Also studied are the degree to which the law is effectively applied, and a range of other social, economic and cultural factors. The book’s conclusions as to which factors have the greatest impact will be of considerable interest to economists of Asia and those interested in economic growth more widely.
Institutions and Geographical Patterns (Routledge Library Editions: Human Geography #7)
by Robin FlowerdewAn increasing amount of work in many aspects of human geography is concerned with the effects caused by different types of institutions. Included in this book, originally published in 1982, is material from Britain, Ameican and Europe and it is shown that differences in institutional powers in these places, especially those vested in the State, relate directly to their own particular urban and environmental policies and problems. Each chapter, written by an expert on this subject, considers key institutions in a number of fields and draws conclusions about how this ‘institutionalist’ approach can be used by geographers.
Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader
by David Arnold Peter RobbInformative, timely and accessible introduction to the study of South Asia by leading scholars in the field.
Institutions and Individuals: The Numismatic World in the Long Nineteenth Century, Volume 2 (Routledge Studies in Cultural History)
by Stefan KrmnicekThis second part of the 2 volume collection comprises a collection of essays in English by leading scholars on 19th century institutions and individuals presenting the latest developments in international scholarship on the numismatic world in the long 19th century. In the 19th century, developments in the study and collection of coins set the cornerstone for modern numismatics. This volume comprises a collection of essays in English by international leading scholars that highlight significant figures of 19th century research and the state of the numismatic trade in their time. Centering around collectors and scholars of ancient, medieval, modern, as well as on non-Western coinage and medals against the backdrop of the political, cultural, economic, and social changes of the era, this book presents the latest scholarship on numismatics’ contribution to the cultural history of the 19th century. This volume is essential for students and scholars alike interested in 19th century history and the history of coins.
Institutions and Organizations as Learning Environments for Participation and Democracy: Opportunities, Challenges, Obstacles
by Reingard Spannring Wilfried Smidt Christine UnterrainerThis book discusses opportunities and limitations to democratic participation in institutions and organizations across the life course. It demonstrates that democratic participation is not something that is learned once and for all and applied in formal political settings, but something that is lived every day throughout life in various contexts. Institutions and organizations frame human lives and strongly determine the ability to participate and co-determine their communities. They are places for learning, deliberation and the development of the common good. The book conceptually and empirically analyses the potential of democratic participation within various institutions. The contributions range from early childhood institutions, schools, youth programs, workplaces, and vocational education to cultural organizations and nursing homes for the elderly. The book thereby provides a cross-sectional and interdisciplinary knowledge base to inspire future research and practical efforts to promote democratic participation within and across institutions around the world.
Institutions and Organizations of Refugee Integration: Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Syrian Refugees in Sweden (Global Diversities)
by Gregg Bucken-Knapp Vedran Omanović Andrea SpeharThis book examines the integration experiences of refugees to Sweden from Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995), and more recently from Syria (2014-2018) - two of the largest-scale refugee movements in Europe for the last thirty years. It focuses on refugees’ interactions with key institutions of integration including language training, civic orientation, validation of previous educational experience, organizations and multiple labour market initiatives targeting refugees. Drawing on interviews with the refugees themselves, it offers a nuanced analysis of how the institutions of integration operate on a daily basis, and the effects they have on the lives of those who take part in them. The authors’ comparative approach highlights the particularities of each refugee movement while also revealing developments and persistent issues within institutions of integration in the intervening years between the Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Syrian conflicts. Its conclusion, which situates the Swedish case within the broader European context, demonstrates the wider significance of this timely study. It will provide a valuable resource for policymakers in addition to students and scholars of migration studies, social policy, and public policy and business administration.
Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents
by Anita Konzelmann Ziv Hans Bernhard SchmidThe contributions gathered in this volume present the state of the art in key areas of current social ontology. They focus on the role of collective intentional states in creating social facts, and on the nature of intentional properties of groups that allow characterizing them as responsible agents, or perhaps even as persons. Many of the essays are inspired by contemporary action theory, emotion theory, and theories of collective intentionality. Another group of essays revisits early phenomenological approaches to social ontology and accounts of sociality that draw on the Hegelian idea of recognition. This volume is organized into three parts. First, the volume discusses themes highlighted in John Searle's work and addresses questions concerning the relation between intentions and the deontic powers of institutions, the role of disagreement, and the nature of collective intentionality. Next, the book focuses on joint and collective emotions and mutual recognition, and then goes on to explore the scope and limits of group agency, or group personhood, especially the capacity for responsible agency. The variety of philosophical traditions mirrored in this collection provides readers with a rich and multifaceted survey of present research in social ontology. It will help readers deepen their understanding of three interrelated and core topics in social ontology: the constitution and structure of institutions, the role of shared evaluative attitudes, and the nature and role of group agents.
Institutions for Economic Reform in Asia (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia)
by Philippa DeeIn the same way that no economy starts out with the best set of economic policies, no economy starts out with the best institutions to support the policy-making process. Instead, they inherit institutions that reflect their own unique culture and history. The task of structural reform has to be addressed, therefore, in the context of domestic economic and political institutions and processes. Examining the nature of structural economic reform and the institutional circumstances in which it succeeds or is inhibited, this volume is less about the content of structural reform and more about how to get there. The chapters develop principles governing the types of institutions that are likely to assist the structural reform process, and then examine the application of those principles within a number of case studies. Finally, the volume presents some ideas about how regional cooperation could help to build and support those institutions that in turn support domestic structural reforms. Consisting of theoretical chapters and country specific case studies, this book draws on experience with structural reform across a range of Asian economies at different stages of economic development. As such it will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian Economics and Development Economics.