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Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults
by Rodrigo Vitório Fabio Augusto BarbieriThis book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.
The Locus of Care: Families, Communities, Institutions, and the Provision of Welfare Since Antiquity (Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine)
by Peregrine Horden and Richard SmithThe care of the needy and the sick is delivered by various groups including immediate family, the wider community, religious organisations and the State funded institutions. The Locus of Care provides an historical perspective on welfare detailing who carers were in the past, where care was provided, and how far the boundary between family and state or informal and organised institutions have changed over time. Eleven international contributors provide a wide-ranging examination of themes, such as child care, mental health, and provision for the elderly and question the idea that there has been a recent evolutionary shift from informal provision to institutional care. Chapters on Europe and England use case studies and link evidence from ancient and medieval periods to contemporary problems and the recent past, whilst studies on China and South Africa look to the future of welfare throughout the world. By placing welfare in its historical, social, cultural and demographic contexts, Locus of Care reassesses community and institutional care and the future expectations of welfare provision.
The Log Cabin: An Illustrated History
by Andrew BelonskyExplore the history and lore behind a uniquely American icon Like a wooden security blanket that Americans reach for when times get tough, the log cabin has endured as a uniquely American symbol of home and hearth. This strain of cabin fever is no fleeting trend: It has struck at regular intervals since the early 1900s, when log cabin vacations first became an option for an increasingly mobile America. Now the cozy cabin aesthetic is found, like a collective fantasy, in every corner of our national culture. But how did it all begin? This is an image-driven history of log cabins in America. Exploring the log cabin’s hidden past, this book draws on colonial diaries and journalistic accounts, as well as paintings, illustrations, and graphics to show how the log cabin—once derided as a poor immigrant’s hovel—became an American institution and a modern ambition. Bursting with quirk, charm, and fascinating trivia, The Log Cabin is the perfect companion for cabin dwellers, vacationers, and daydreamers alike.
Logavina Street: Life And Death In A Sarajevo Neighborhood
by Barbara DemickLogavina Street was a microcosm of Sarajevo, a six-block-long history lesson. For four centuries, it existed as a quiet residential area in a charming city long known for its ethnic and religious tolerance. On this street of 240 families, Muslims and Christians, Serbs and Croats lived easily together, unified by their common identity as Sarajevans. Then the war tore it all apart. As she did in her groundbreaking work about North Korea, Nothing to Envy, award-winning journalist Barbara Demick tells the story of the Bosnian War and the brutal and devastating three-and-a-half-year siege of Sarajevo through the lives of ordinary citizens, who struggle with hunger, poverty, sniper fire, and shellings. Logavina Street paints this misunderstood war and its effects in vivid strokes--at once epic and intimate--revealing the heroism, sorrow, resilience, and uncommon faith of its people. With a new Introduction, final chapter, and Epilogue by the author
Logged On
by Jody Zall Kusek Zubair K. Bhatti Tony VerheijenLogged On looks at mobile and smart phone technology through the lens of good government management. How will developing governments deliver goods and services that citizens care about? How will government in these countries leapfrog over traditional public management reforms to help reach out to and collaborate directly with the citizen? This book provides example after example where this has happened and how mobile technology has helped provide solutions to old problems. Our astounding revelation that mobile technology is helping to fight corruption in Pakistan, improve health delivery in Bangladesh, provide access to government by the ordinary citizen in India, and help monitor elections in Afghanistan. If this Is possible in some place in poor South Asian countries considered the most poor in the world, then how can these examples be spread to further in these counties or in other countries? Logged on Government provides a look back on conventional solutions that have mostly not worked and why mobile solutions are taking hold. The book offers a model called Smart Proactive Government based on a Feedback model being used in Punjab, Pakistan. The book also offers five solutions that are present in every successful mobile and smart phone example that the authors reviewed.
Logic And Contemporary Rhetoric: The Use Of Reason In Everyday Life (Mindtap Course List Ser.)
by Frank Boardman Nancy M. Cavender Howard KahaneLOGIC AND CONTEMPORARY RHETORIC: THE USE OF REASON IN EVERYDAY LIFE, 13th Edition, introduces you to sound reasoning using current, relevant, and stimulating examples in a witty and invigorating writing style. Combining examples from television, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, and our nation's political dialogue, this classic text brings the concepts to life and puts critical-thinking skills into a context that you will retain and use throughout your life.
The Logic Model Guidebook: Better Strategies for Great Results
by Dr Lisa Wyatt Knowlton Cynthia C. PhillipsThe Logic Model Guidebook offers clear, step-by-step support for creating logic models and the modeling process in a range of contexts. Lisa Wyatt Knowlton and Cynthia C. Phillips describe the structures, processes, and language of logic models as a robust tool to improve the design, development, and implementation of program and organization change efforts. The text is enhanced by numerous visual learning guides (sample models, checklists, exercises, worksheets) and many new case examples. The authors provide students, practitioners, and beginning researchers with practical support to develop and improve models that reflect knowledge, practice, and beliefs. The Guidebook offers a range of new applied examples. The text includes logic models for evaluation, discusses archetypes, and explores display and meaning. In an important contribution to programs and organizations, it emphasizes quality by raising issues like plausibility, feasibility, and strategic choices in model creation.
The Logic of Care: Health and the Problem of Patient Choice
by Annemarie Mol**Shortlisted for the BSA Sociology of Health and Illness Book Prize 2010**What is good care? In this innovative and compelling book, Annemarie Mol argues that good care has little to do with 'patient choice' and, therefore, creating more opportunities for patient choice will not improve health care. Although it is possible to treat people who seek professional help as customers or citizens, Mol argues that this undermines ways of thinking and acting crucial to health care. Illustrating the discussion with examples from diabetes clinics and diabetes self care, the book presents the 'logic of care' in a step by step contrast with the 'logic of choice'. She concludes that good care is not a matter of making well argued individual choices but is something that grows out of collaborative and continuing attempts to attune knowledge and technologies to diseased bodies and complex lives. Mol does not criticise the practices she encountered in her field work as messy or ad hoc, but makes explicit what it is that motivates them: an intriguing combination of adaptability and perseverance. The Logic of Care: Health and the problem of patient choice is crucial reading for all those interested in the theory and practice of care, including sociologists, anthropologists and health care professionals. It will also speak to policymakers and become a valuable source of inspiration for patient activists.
The Logic of Charity: Great Expectations In Hard Times
by John Mohan Beth BreezeWhat is charity? How does it operate, who does it benefit and what should we expect it to do? This important book helps to tackle the most common misunderstandings and misconceptions of charitable activity in contemporary British society, especially insofar as these affect the thinking of politicians and policymakers. The authors present and discuss over a dozen studies, including public attitudes to giving, large datasets on the geography and funding patterns of third sector organisations, and interviews with a wide range of donors, charity leaders, fundraisers and philanthropy advisers. This data enables them to explore the logic of charity in terms of the distribution of resources across causes and communities in the UK, and the processes behind philanthropic decision-making, to reveal a picture of charitable activity at odds with widespread assumptions.
The Logic of Chinese Behaviors
by Xuewei ZhaiThis book presents a discussion on Chinese people’s internal and external psychologies and logics, as well as the respective stage of social development and cultural context they were raised in, and from sociological, social psychological, and cultural anthropological perspectives. In particular, the book explores the relationship between Chinese people’s behaviors and China’s social and cultural structure. It puts forward a theoretical framework for the analysis of Chinese social behaviors, which is based on the realistic aspects of Chinese people’s day-to-day-lives. The book also concludes that any attempt to study Chinese psychologies and behaviors should “seek the constant among the changes, or at least those aspects that are hardest to change” and investigate the context and background, which can provide a point of departure for current and future research.
The Logic of Collective Action
by Mancur OlsonThis book develops an original theory of group and organizational behavior that cuts across disciplinary lines and illustrates the theory with empirical and historical studies of particular organizations. Applying economic analysis to the subjects of the political scientist, sociologist, and economist, Mr. Olson examines the extent to which the individuals that share a common interest find it in their individual interest to bear the costs of the organizational effort. The theory shows that most organizations produce what the economist calls "public goods"--goods or services that are available to every member, whether or not he has borne any of the costs of providing them. Economists have long understood that defense, law and order were public goods that could not be marketed to individuals, and that taxation was necessary. They have not, however, taken account of the fact that private as well as governmental organizations produce public goods. The services the labor union provides for the worker it represents, or the benefits a lobby obtains for the group it represents, are public goods: they automatically go to every individual in the group, whether or not he helped bear the costs. It follows that, just as governments require compulsory taxation, many large private organizations require special (and sometimes coercive) devices to obtain the resources they need. This is not true of smaller organizations for, as this book shows, small and large organizations support themselves in entirely different ways. The theory indicates that, though small groups can act to further their interest much more easily than large ones, they will tend to devote too few resources to the satisfaction of their common interests, and that there is a surprising tendency for the "lesser" members of the small group to exploit the "greater" members by making them bear a disproportionate share of the burden of any group action. All of the theory in the book is in Chapter 1; the remaining chapters contain empirical and historical evidence of the theory's relevance to labor unions, pressure groups, corporations, and Marxian class action.
Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry
by Adam Przeworski Henry TeuneThis series is designed to meet the needs of the growing cadre of scholars in comparative research. The emphasis is on cross-disciplinary studies, although works within the perspective of a single discipline are included. In its scope, the series includes books of theoretical and methodological interest, as well as studies that are based on empirical research. The books in the series are addressed to scholars in the various behavioral science disciplines, to graduate students, and to undergraduates in advanced standing. In its simplest sense, the term “comparative” refers to a method. It is appropriate, therefore, that the first book in the series deals with important issues in the methodology of comparative research. Scholars in a number of disciplines will find its poignant critique and perceptive suggestions of great interest and pertinent to their comparative endeavors.
The Logic of Poverty: The Case of the Brazilian Northeast (Routledge Revivals)
by Simon MitchellFirst published in 1981, The Logic of Poverty consists of eight essays that share at least one assumption: that Northeast Brazil provides a startling example of inhumane economic development. The contributors have all worked in the area, and know it at first hand. They look at rural structure and the role of the unemployed ‘reserve army’, the state of the sugar industry, the ineffectiveness of the irrigation schemes, the stagnation in the fishing sector, the lack of credit available to peasants and the role of SUDENE, the first development agency in the region. Together they paint a picture of poverty and of the factors that allow it to continue, and they place that poverty in the context of the wider economy of Brazil, relating it to the extraordinary transformation that has been called ‘the Brazilian miracle’. This book will be of interest to students of geography, anthropology, economics and sociology.
The Logic of Social Practices (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #52)
by Raffaela Giovagnoli Robert LoweThis book reports on cutting-edge research concerning social practices. Merging perspectives from various disciplines, including philosophy, biology, and cognitive science, it discusses theoretical aspects of social behavior along with models to investigate them, and also presents key case studies. Further, It describes concepts related to habits, routines, and rituals and examines important features of human action, such as intentionality and choice, exploring the influence of specific social practices in different situations. Based on a workshop held in June 2018 at the 6th World Congress of Universal Logic, UNILOG2018, in Vichy, and including additional invited chapters, the book offers fresh insights into the fields of social practice and the cognitive, computational, and philosophical tools to understand them.
The Logic of Social Practices II (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #68)
by Raffaela Giovagnoli Robert LoweThis book reports on cutting-edge research concerning social practices. Merging perspectives from various disciplines, including philosophy, biology, psychology and cognitive science, and economy, it discusses theoretical aspects of social behavior along with models to investigate them, and presenting key case studies as well. Further, it describes concepts related to habits, routines, and rituals and examines important features of human action, such as intentionality and choice, exploring the influence of specific social practices in different situations. Based on a workshop held on April 2022 at the World Congress on Universal Logic (UNILOG 22), in Crete, and including additional invited chapters, the book offers fresh insights into the fields of social practice and the cognitive, computational, and philosophical tools to understand them.
The Logic of Social Research
by Arthur L. StinchcombeArthur L. Stinchcombe has earned a reputation as a leading practitioner of methodology in sociology and related disciplines. Throughout his distinguished career he has championed the idea that to be an effective sociologist, one must use many methods. This incisive work introduces students to the logic of those methods. The Logic of Social Research orients students to a set of logical problems that all methods must address to study social causation. Almost all sociological theory asserts that some social conditions produce other social conditions, but the theoretical links between causes and effects are not easily supported by observation. Observations cannot directly show causation, but they can reject or support causal theories with different degrees of credibility. As a result, sociologists have created four main types of methods that Stinchcombe terms quantitative, historical, ethnographic, and experimental to support their theories. Each method has value, and each has its uses for different research purposes. Accessible and astute, The Logic of Social Research offers an image of what sociology is, what it's all about, and what the craft of the sociologist consists of.
The Logic of Social Science
by James MahoneyA groundbreaking logic-based approach to bridging the scientific-constructivist divide in social scienceThe Logic of Social Science offers new principles for designing and conducting social science research. James Mahoney uses set-theoretic analysis to develop a fresh scientific constructivist approach that avoids essentialist biases in the production of knowledge. This approach recognizes that social categories depend on collective understandings for their existence, but it insists that this recognition need not hinder the use of explicit procedures for the rational assessment of truth. Mahoney shows why set-theoretic analysis enables scholars to avoid the pitfalls of essentialism and produce findings that rest on a firm scientific foundation.Extending his previous work and incorporating new material, Mahoney presents specific tools for formulating and evaluating theories in the social sciences. Chapters include discussions of models of causality, procedures for testing propositions, tools for conducting counterfactual and sequence analysis, and principles for knowledge accumulation. Equal focus is placed on theory building and explanatory tools, including principles for working with general theoretical orientations and normative frameworks in scientific research. Mahoney brings a novel perspective to understanding the relationship among actors, social rules, and social resources, and he offers original ideas for the analysis of temporality, critical events, and path dependence.Bridging the rift between those who take a scientific approach and those who take a constructivist one, The Logic of Social Science forges an ambitious way forward for social science researchers.
Logic of the Powers: Towards an Impact-driven Practice of Futurist Statecraft
by Pak Nung WongWhat global future would ensure hope, justice and peace to the human mankind? In view of a fast evolving post-Covid world order, this volume explores a novel Christian post-colonial approach to global affairs. It examines the existing ‘sociology of the powers’ theoretical scheme, the debate between Christian realism and Christian pacifism, the method and practice of prophetic witnessing, to elaborate a new Christian approach to statecraft and futurology in terms of theory, methodology and ontology. This book: • Uses the COVID-19 pandemic as the background to examine why and how the pandemic has accelerated the US’s decline, and to identify the tacit game rules that contributed to the UK government’s mishandling of the pandemic; • Compares the political systems between China and the West, and engages with selected theoretical narratives from the Global South to envision an alternative ‘shared globalisation’ project; • Argues why it is important for post-colonial Christian individuals and communities to get involved in this global discussion for a new world order of complex realist interdependencies grounded on hope, social justice and peace. A fresh take on global politics and international relations, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of political science, religious studies, peace studies, theology and future studies.
The Logic of Violence: An Ethnography of Dublin's Illegal Drug Trade (Routledge Advances in Ethnography)
by Brendan MarshViolence is widely associated with illegal drug markets, and is one of the features that can differentiate illegal capitalism from legitimate business. This book explores the perceived causes and functions of violence in an illegal drug market in Dublin City, Ireland. Understanding why violence occurs amongst participants in illegal drug markets is an ongoing part of the criminological endeavour. Scholars debate the various business and personal factors that contribute towards violent perpetration. Complex aspects of participants’ lives, such as addictive disorders, socioeconomic status, and socialisation, add further complexity. This book examines violence in an illegal drug market from the perspectives of those who had participated in it, that is, formerly addicted people as well as former profit-oriented drug dealers. The text is the result of the first ethnographic study of an illegal drug market in Dublin. This book will appeal to undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as scholars interested in the criminology and psychology of violence. More specifically, the book will be relevant to those interested in the areas of illegal drug markets, gang studies, the intersection of drugs and crime, and desistance from crime.
The Logic of Violence in Civil War
by Stathis N. KalyvasThis book demonstrates that there is logic to violence in civil war.
Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur'an: God's Arguments (Routledge Studies in the Qur'an)
by Rosalind Ward GwynneMuslims have always used verses from the Qur'an to support opinions on law, theology, or life in general, but almost no attention has been paid to how the Qur'an presents its own precepts as conclusions proceeding from reasoned arguments. Whether it is a question of God's powers of creation, the rationale for his acts, or how people are to think clearly about their lives and fates, Muslims have so internalized Qur'anic patterns of reasoning that many will assert that the Qur'an appeals first of all to the human powers of intellect. This book provides a new key to both the Qur'an and Islamic intellectual history. Examining Qur'anic argument by form and not content helps readers to discover the significance of passages often ignored by the scholar who compares texts and the believer who focuses upon commandments, as it allows scholars of Qur'anic exegesis, Islamic theology, philosophy, and law to tie their findings in yet another way to the text that Muslims consider the speech of God.
Logical Investigative Methods: Critical Thinking and Reasoning for Successful Investigations
by Robert J. GirodThis book describes how to use logic, reasoning, critical thinking, and the scientific method to conduct and improve criminal and civil investigations. The author discusses how investigators and attorneys can avoid assumptions and false premises and instead make valid deductions, inductions, and inferences. He explains how tools such as interview and interrogation can be used to detect deception and profile unknown individuals and suspects. The book is aimed at improving not only the conduct of investigations, but also the logical use of cognitive, analytical, documentation, and presentation tools to win cases.
Lokale Ökonomie – Konzepte, Quartierskontexte und Interventionen
by Sebastian Henn Michael Behling Susann SchäferDas vorliegende Handbuch bietet einen umfassenden systematischen Überblick über das Themenfeld Lokale Ökonomie in Bezug auf Konzepte, Quartierskontexte und Interventionen. In prägnanten Kurzkapiteln diskutieren Wissenschaftler aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen (Humangeographie, Soziologie, Wirtschaftswissenschaften etc.) sowie Akteure aus der Stadtentwicklungspraxis grundlegende Konzepte der lokalen Ökonomie und verwandte Ansätze, Dynamiken und Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Quartieren sowie Gestaltungsoptionen zur Stärkung lokal-ökonomischer Strukturen in Deutschland. Das Handbuch richtet sich gleichermaßen an Studierende, Wissenschaftler und Praktiker aus der integrierten Stadt- und Quartiersentwicklung.
Lokale Politikberichterstattung: Inhalte, Leistungen, Formate und Attraktivitätsfaktoren aus der Perspektive des Publikums
by Inge KreutzWie kann lokale Politikberichterstattung möglichst viele Menschen erreichen? Antworten gibt dieses Buch auf der Grundlage von Umfragen und Gruppendiskussionen bei Leser*innen und User*innen von drei crossmedial publizierenden Regionalzeitungen. Es liefert eine Typologisierung des Publikums und zeigt die jeweils spezifischen Ansprüche an lokale Politikberichterstattung auf. Zudem aktualisiert es den Forschungsstand zu Ost-West-Unterschieden und spezifiziert ihn für lokale Politikberichterstattung. Die Doppelrolle der Autorin als Medienwissenschaftlerin und praktische Journalistin begünstigt eine Verbindung der Ansprüche von Theorie und Praxis. Das Buch will eine Diskussion darüber anstoßen, wie Lokaljournalismus in der digitalen Transformation seine Relevanz und Bedeutung erhalten und wie die Versorgung der Gesellschaft auf lokaler und sublokaler Ebene mit demokratierelevanten Informationen gesichert werden kann.
Lokale Wissensregime der Migration: Akteur*innen, Praktiken, Ordnungen (Migrationsgesellschaften)
by Jan Lange Manuel Liebig Charlotte RäuchleDer Band mit neun empirisch fundierten Beiträgen bietet erstmalig eine systematische Annäherung an lokale Wissensregime der Migration in verschiedenen Kommunen in Deutschland und weiteren europäischen Ländern. Die Beiträge eröffnen neue Perspektiven auf Migrationsregime: Sie zeigen anhand unterschiedlicher Fallbeispiele die Kontextgebundenheit und damit auch die Fluidität von lokalen Wissensregimen der Migration in zeitlicher und räumlicher Hinsicht auf. Dabei stellen sie heraus, dass Wissen eine zentrale Funktion in der Steuerung durch lokale Politik und Verwaltung einnimmt und legen offen, wer wie an der Aushandlung lokaler Migrations- und Integrationspolitiken beteiligt ist. Damit setzen die Autor*innen den Zusammenhang von Wissen und Macht in den Mittelpunkt ihres Interesses. Dieser Fokus entspringt der analytischen Motivation, (gegen-)hegemoniale Wissenspraktiken als Wegweiser zum Umgang mit Migration und städtischen Wirklichkeiten zu dekonstruieren.Die ZielgruppeZielgruppe des Sammelbands ist eine wissenschaftlich interessierte Leser*innenschaft, die sich in der interdisziplinären Migrationsforschung verortet.Besonders relevant ist der Band für die Leser*innen, die sich mit der Schnittstelle von Migration und Wissen auf lokaler Ebene in Gegenwart und Vergangenheit beschäftigen.