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Technology For Adaptive Aging
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesEmerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.
Technology Matters: Questions to Live With
by David E. NyeTechnology matters, writes David Nye, because it is inseparable from being human. We have used tools for more than 100,000 years, and their central purpose has not always been to provide necessities. People excel at using old tools to solve new problems and at inventing new tools for more elegant solutions to old tasks. Perhaps this is because we are intimate with devices and machines from an early age--as children, we play with technological toys: trucks, cars, stoves, telephones, model railroads, Playstations. Through these machines we imagine ourselves into a creative relationship with the world. As adults, we retain this technological playfulness with gadgets and appliances--Blackberries, cell phones, GPS navigation systems in our cars. We use technology to shape our world, yet we think little about the choices we are making. In "Technology Matters," Nye tackles ten central questions about our relationship to technology, integrating a half-century of ideas about technology into ten cogent and concise chapters, with wide-ranging historical examples from many societies. He asks: Can we define technology? Does technology shape us, or do we shape it? Is technology inevitable or unpredictable? (Why do experts often fail to get it right?) How do historians understand it? Are we using modern technology to create cultural uniformity, or diversity? To create abundance, or an ecological crisis? To destroy jobs or create new opportunities? Should "the market" choose our technologies? Do advanced technologies make us more secure, or escalate dangers? Does ubiquitous technology expand our mental horizons, or encapsulate us in artifice? These large questions may have no final answers yet, but weneed to wrestle with them--to live them, so that we may, as Rilke puts it, "live along some distant day into the answers."
Technology Rivalry Between the USA and China (Palgrave Studies in Global Security)
by Peter C.Y. ChowThis book addresses the geopolitics and geoeconomics of technological rivalry between the world’s two great powers: the USA and China. It focuses on the semiconductor industry, which, owing to its dual use in civilian and defence sectors, is critical to economic and national security interests. A diverse set of contributions from renowned scholars span wide-ranging topics to holistically analyze contemporary USA-China national security through a technological lens: the shifting trade and technology policy in the USA; the Chip-4 alliance as an industrial cartel; technology sanctions and the voice of high-tech industry in the USA; the race for digital sovereignty in the Gulf region and in Africa; Japan’s grand strategy vis-à-vis semiconductors; a critical assessment of China’s achievement on its self-sufficiency and effort in reducing its reliance on foreign supplies; the significance and the strategy of Taiwan’s semiconductor in the future, as well as how Taiwan can advance its national security through its status as a powerhouse of semiconductors; Korea’s semiconductor policy in response to international technology rivalry; India’s pursuit of semiconductors; and a close investigation of decoupling and hostility between the two great powers.
Technology Transfer (Isodarco Ser.)
by Dietrich Schroeer Mirco ElenaThis title was first published in 2000: The theme of this collection of essays is "technology transfer". The topic has three major aspects: the interchange of technologies between military and civilian applications - "spin-off", "dual use", "conversion" and "diversification" fall under this heading; the proliferation of military arms, which could occur either through arms races between developed nations or through the transfer of military technology from developed arms industries to less developed nations - "proliferation", "arms races" and "arms control agreements" fall under this heading; and the transfer of civilian technologies from developing nations to less developed nations. The expression, "North-South transfer" and the idea of "development" come under this final section. The essays offer examination of all three aspects.
Technology Transfer And Development: India's Hindustan Machine Tools Company
by R. C. Mascarenhas R C MascarenhasIn most Third World nations, importing technology from other countries is considered vital to industrialization and economic development. This book examines the processes of technology transfer and development by tracing how Hindustan Machine Tools—a public enterprise in India—successfully collaborated with manufacturers from industrialized nations in its growth from a single factory to a diversified industrial complex. The author critically analyzes the company's overall strategies for diversification and expansion and its approaches to selecting, acquiring, absorbing, and generating technology and to developing appropriate management. He also points to important relationships between “policy efficiency†and “administrative efficiency†and discusses socioeconomic and cultural factors that can obstruct the successful development and operation of an industrial enterprise in a developing country.
Technology Transfer Between the US, China and Taiwan: Moving Knowledge (Routledge Research on Taiwan Series)
by Douglas B. Fuller Murray A. RubinsteinExamining the flow of technical knowledge between the US, Taiwan and Mainland China over the last sixty-five years, this book shows that the technical knowledge that has moved between these states is vast and varied. It includes the invention and production of industrial goods, as well as knowledge of the patterns of corporate organization and management. Indeed, this diversity is reflected in the process itself, which is driven both by returning expatriates with knowledge acquired overseas and by successful government intervention in acquiring technology from multinational firms. Technology Transfer Between the US, China and Taiwan engages with the evolving debates on the merits, importance and feasibility of technology transfer in the process of economic development globally, and uses the example of Taiwan to show that multinational corporations can indeed play a positive role in economic development. Further, it reveals the underlying tension between international cooperation and nationalism which inevitably accompanies international exchanges, as well as the delicate balancing act required between knowledge acquisition and dangerous levels of dependency, and the beneficial role of the US in East Asia’s technological development. With contributors from disciplines ranging from history, geography, urban planning, sociology, political science and electrical engineering, this multi-disciplinary book will be of great interest to students and scholars working across a broad range of subjects including Taiwan studies, Chinese studies, economics, business studies and development studies.
Technology Transfer and Economic Growth in Sub-Sahara African Countries
by Nathaniel O. AgolaThis book provides a pragmatic analytical model grounded on the solid idea that technologies and the accompanying implementation efforts only make sense if they are successfully deployed in markets. The analytical model also provides an exhaustive analysis of all critical variables at the global, regional and national levels, which contribute to failure or success of technology transfer efforts. The model is validated by an incisive analysis of technology transfer experiences of Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan (province of China), and Malaysia. While this book finds that these East Asian countries have had both diverging and converging models, and experiences with technology transfer, the enduring and fundamental aspects of technology transfer in specific industrial sectors and economic growth in these countries is then used to draw lessons for African countries. This book therefore is a timely and compelling piece of research work that provides valuable answers to the increasingly urgent question of how African countries can industrialize through technology transfer to meet their economic development and growth ideals.
Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurial Innovations: Policies Across Continents (International Studies in Entrepreneurship #51)
by David Urbano Maribel GuerreroEvidence suggests that economies with technology transfer initiatives provide a better supply of high-quality jobs and tend to be characterized by entrepreneurs with higher innovation contributions. This book explores the effectiveness of technology transfer policies and legislation on entrepreneurial innovation in a non-US context. It analyses the theoretical, empirical and managerial implications behind the success of technology transfer polices and legislations in stimulating entrepreneurial innovation; analyses which other contextual condition (e.g., culture) are necessary for successful implementation; and explores the extent and level of replication of US policies (e.g., Bayh-Dole Act, Small Business Innovation Research [SBIR] program) in other national and regional systems. In addition, this book looks at the effect technology transfer policies have on the adoption of open innovation and open science.
Technology and American Society: A History
by Gary Cross Richard SzostakProviding a global perspective on the development of American technology, Technology and American Society offers a historical narrative detailing major technological transformations over the last three centuries. <P><P>With coverage devoted to both dramatic breakthroughs and incremental innovations, authors Gary Cross and Rick Szostak analyze the cause-and-effect relationship of technological change and its role in the constant drive for improvement and modernization. <P><P>This fully-updated 3rd edition extends coverage of industry, home, office, agriculture, transport, constructions, and services into the twenty-first century, concluding with a new chapter on recent electronic and technological advances. <P><P>Technology and American Society remains the ideal introduction to the myriad interactions of technological advancement with social, economic, cultural, and military change throughout the course of American history.
Technology and Capital in the Age of Lean Production: A Marxian Critique of the "New Economy" (SUNY Series in Radical Social and Political Theory)
by Tony SmithThis book illustrates the continued value of Marxism as a method for analyzing contemporary capitalism, despite the new Post-Fordist variant termed "lean production" that is spreading the globe. Characterized by knowledge work, lean production also includes the mass customization of commodities to consumer desires, and the close cooperation of firms within extended networks of production and distribution. Its proponents argue that it can unite companies, workers, and consumers in the harmonious pursuit of common interests, thereby making the Marxian perspective hopelessly outdated. However, this book is the first to defend Marxian political economy against the claims made by lean production advocates.
Technology and Creativity: Production, Mediation and Evaluation in the Digital Age
by Jesper Strandgaard Pedersen Mukti Khaire Barbara SlavichThis edited book explores the digital challenge for cultural-creative organizations and industries, and its impact on production, meaning-making, consumption and valuation of cultural-creative products and experiences. Discussing digital changes such as user-generated content, social media, business model innovation and product development, the chapters challenge deep-seated definitions of creative individuals, organizations and industries, offering insights into how this creative aspect is argued and legitimized. Placing an emphasis on research that deals with the digital challenge, this collection theorizes its significance for the nature and dynamics of creative industries as well as its impact on the mediation of experiences and the creation and consumption of cultural-creative products.
Technology and Domestic and Family Violence: Victimisation, Perpetration and Responses (Routledge Studies in Crime and Society)
by Bridget Harris Delanie WoodlockThis book brings together academics and advocates to explore an emerging issue: the use of technology by perpetrators of domestic and family violence. Of interest too is critique of government and non-government activities in this arena and how technology can be harnessed to respond to harm. Domestic and family violence (DFV) is widely recognised as an important social issue, impacting the safety and wellbeing of victim/survivors and their children, and on a broader scale, threatening risk and security on global levels. This book provides insights drawn from research and practice in the Global South and Global North to provide an evidence base and real-world solutions and initiatives to understand, address and ultimately prevent technology-facilitated domestic and family violence and how technology can be used to effect positive change and empower victim/survivors and communities. Technology and Domestic and Family Violence will be of great interest to students and scholars on victimology, criminology, social work, law, women’s studies, sociology and media studies. It will also be a valuable reference for practitioners, government and non-government advocates working on issues around domestic violence.
Technology and Empire: Perspectives On North America
by George GrantBrilliant and still-timely analysis of the implications of technology-driven globalization on everyday life from Canada’s most influential philosophers, reissued in a handsome A List edition, featuring an introduction by Andrew Potter.Originally published in 1969, Technology and Empire offers a brilliant analysis of the implications of technology-driven globalization on everyday life. The author of Lament for a Nation, George Grant has been recognized as one of Canada’s most significant thinkers. In this sweeping essay collection, he reflects on the extent to which technology has shaped our modern culture.
Technology and Engagement: Making Technology Work for First Generation College Students
by Mandy Savitz-Romer Heather T. Rowan-Kenyon Ana M. Martínez AlemánTechnology and Engagement is based on a four-year study of how first generation college students use social media, aimed at improving their transition to and engagement with their university. Through web technology, including social media sites, students were better able to maintain close ties with family and friends from home, as well as engage more with social and academic programs at their university. This ‘ecology of transition’ was important in keeping the students focused on why they were in college, and helped them become more integrated into the university setting. By showing the gains in campus capital these first-generation college students obtained through social media, the authors offer concrete suggestions for how other universities and college-retention programs can utilize the findings to increase their own retention of first-generation college students.
Technology and Finance: Challenges for Financial Markets, Business Strategies and Policy Makers (Routledge International Studies In Money And Banking Ser. #Vol. 17)
by Andy Mullineux Morten Balling Frank LiermanTechnology and Finance analyses the dramatic implications of technology for today's financial sector, for productivity growth and for monetary policy. A wide range of financial market activities are now technology driven; technology is also crucial in retail, private and corporate banking, and it has lowered entry barriers to the sector. New partic
Technology and Gender: Fabrics of Power in Late Imperial China
by Francesca BrayIn this feminist history of eight centuries of private life in China, Francesca Bray inserts women into the history of technology and adds technology to the history of women. Bray takes issue with the Orientalist image that traditional Chinese women were imprisoned in the inner quarters, deprived of freedom and dignity, and so physically and morally deformed by footbinding and the tyrannies of patriarchy that they were incapable of productive work. She proposes a concept of gynotechnics, a set of everyday technologies that define women's roles, as a creative new way to explore how societies translate moral and social principles into a web of material forms and bodily practices.Bray examines three different aspects of domestic life in China, tracing their developments from 1000 to 1800 A.D. She begins with the shell of domesticity, the house, focusing on how domestic space embodied hierarchies of gender. She follows the shift in the textile industry from domestic production to commercial production. Despite increasing emphasis on women's reproductive roles, she argues, this cannot be reduced to childbearing. Female hierarchies within the family reinforced the power of wives, whose responsibilities included ritual activities and financial management as well as the education of children.
Technology and In/equality: Questioning the Information Society
by Sally Wyatt Nod Miller Flis Henwood Peter SenkerTechnology and In/equality explores the diverse implications of the new information and communication technologies through case studies of their applications in three main areas - media, education and training, and work. Questions of access to and control over crucial resources such as information, knowledge, skills and income ae addressed drawing upon insights from science and technology studies, innovation theory, sociology and cultural studies. All of the chapters question the meanings of the terms 'technology' and 'inequality' and of the widespread association of technology with progress. Written with a non-specialist readership in mind, all complex theories and key concepts are carefully explained making the book easily accessible and relevant to a wide range of courses.
Technology and Industrial Growth in Pre-War Japan: The Mitsubishi-Nagasaki Shipyard 1884-1934 (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies)
by Yukiko FukasakuThis book aims to discredit the myth that has the `unique cultural traits' of the Japanese as the key to the country's success, arguing that the more realisable foundation of long-term investment in training and research is responsible.The book looks at the development of Japan in the pre-War period. Yukiko Fukusaku sees the achievements of this period as central to the present competitiveness of the country's industrial technology. She uses the Mitsubishi Nagasaki shipyard as a case study, looking at technological innovation and training as the keys to long-term stability and economic success.The book has implications for industrial development worldwide. Japan's starting point over a century ago was similar to the present conditions of many developing countries and the book's emphasis on the acquisition of better skills as a key to development is as relevant to Europe and America as it is to the Third World.
Technology and Industrial Parks in Emerging Countries
by Daniel Hardy Andrés Rodríguez-PoseIndustrial and technology parks are commonly regarded as a policy panacea. They tend to be considered as the ideal instrument to alleviate an assortment of institutional, political, economic, social and ultimately, technological weaknesses and often form the centrepiece of development strategies. Yet, the real impact of industrial and technology parks, especially in emerging countries is still poorly understood. Focusing on examples from Latin America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, the book represents a first approach to understand the potential and reality of industrial and technology parks in emerging countries. It is argued that although some parks have been successful in addressing a range of key problems, including underdevelopment, unemployment and a lack of investment, the majority have failed to deliver, rendering the promise of many parks little more than a pipedream.
Technology and Innovation for Social Change
by Satyajit Majumdar Samapti Guha Nadiya MarakkathTension exists between technologists and social thinkers because of the impact technology and innovation have on social values and norms, which is often viewed as damaging to the cultural fabric of a nation or society. Since the global business environment is the context in which implementation of technology and innovation takes place, it is widely accepted as the major reason for such conflicts. In this backdrop, this edited book integrates independent research from across the globe. It deals with the nature and significance of technology, innovation and social change as well as the relationships between them, and discusses the significance of social entrepreneurship from social innovation and technology perspectives. Research areas covered are related to the development and deployment of technology, innovation and knowledge in social change, capabilities of institutions, models, role of government and corporate social responsibility and community involvement. Multiple aspects of social change are discussed in the context of India, Mexico, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Nigeria and other African countries. But society does not silently accept technologically enforced changes; sometimes technology is seen as an enemy of inclusive growth and for many, economic development is an anti-thesis of social change. Selected case studies on sector-specific technologies, such as the use of genetically modified seeds in agriculture, which has impacted the market and society, are critically analyzed to develop insights into the adoption of technology and its impact. At the same time it examines policy related issues, without any bias in favor of, or against, a specific technology.
Technology and Justice (A List)
by George GrantSix magnificent and stimulating essays examining the role of technology in shaping how we live, by one of Canada’s most influential philosophers, now reissued in a handsome A List edition.Originally published in 1986, the six essays that comprise Technology and Justice offer absorbing reflections on the extent to which technology has shaped the way we live now. George Grant explores the fate of traditional values in modern education, social behaviour, and religion, and offers his insights into some of the most contentious ethical deliberations of the past half-century.In essays ranging in content from classical philosophy to the morals of euthanasia, Technology and Justice showcases Grant’s stimulating commentary on the meaning of the North American experience.
Technology and Medical Practice: Blood, Guts and Machines (Theory, Technology and Society)
by Boel BernerThe advanced technologies being used in diagnosis and care within modern medicine, whilst supporting and making medical practices possible, may also conflict with established traditions of medicine and care. What happens to the patient in a technologized medical environment? How are doctors', nurses' and medical scientists' practices changed when artefacts are involved? How is knowledge negotiated, or relations of power reconfigured? Technology and Medical Practice addresses these developments and dilemmas, focusing on various practices with technologies within hospitals and sociotechnical systems of care. Combining science and technology studies with medical sociology, the history of medicine and feminist approaches to science, this book presents analyses of artefacts-in-use across a variety of settings within the UK, USA and Europe, and will appeal to sociologists, anthropologists and scholars of science and technology alike.
Technology and Oligopoly Capitalism
by Luis Suarez-VillaTechnology and Oligopoly Capitalism is a major contribution to our understanding of how technology oligopolies are shaping America’s social, economic, and political reality. Technology oligopolies are the most powerful socioeconomic entities in America. From cradle to grave, the decisions they make affect the most intimate aspects of our lives, how we work, what we eat, our health, how we communicate, what we know and believe, whom we elect, and how we relate to one another and to nature. Their power over markets, trade, regulation, and most every aspect of our governance is more intrusive and farther-reaching than ever. They benefit from tax breaks, government guarantees, and bailouts that we must pay for and have no control over. Their accumulation of capital creates immense wealth for a minuscule elite, deepening disparities while politics and governance become ever more subservient to their power. They determine our skills and transform employment through the tools and services they create, as no other organizations can. They produce a vast array of goods and services with labor, marketing, and research that are more intrusively controlled than ever, as workplace rights and job security are curtailed or disappear. Our consumption of their products—and their capacity to promote wants—is deep and far reaching, while the waste they generate raises concerns about the survival of life on our planet. And their links to geopolitics and the martial domain are stronger than ever, as they influence how warfare is waged and who will be vanquished. Technology and Oligopoly Capitalism’s critical, multidisciplinary perspective provides a systemic vision of how oligopolistic power shapes these forces and phenomena. An inclusive approach spans the spectrum of technology oligopolies and the ways in which they deploy their power. Numerous, previously unpublished ideas expand the repertory of established work on the topics covered, advancing explanatory quality—to elucidate how and why technology oligopolies operate as they do, the dysfunctions that accompany their power, and their effects on society and nature. This book has no peers in the literature, in its scope, the unprecedented amount and diversity of documentation, the breadth of concepts, and the vast number of examples it provides. Its premises deserve to be taken into account by every student, researcher, policymaker, and author interested in the socioeconomic and political dimensions of technology in America.
Technology and Place
by Steven A. MooreDeveloping "sustainable" architectural and agricultural technologies was the intent behind Blueprint Farm, an experimental agricultural project designed to benefit farm workers displaced by the industrialization of agriculture in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Yet, despite its promise, the very institutions that created Blueprint Farm terminated the project after just four years (1987-1991). In this book, Steven Moore demonstrates how the various stakeholders' competing definitions of "sustainability," "technology," and "place" ultimately doomed Blueprint Farm. He reconstructs the conflicting interests and goals of the founders, including Jim Hightower and the Texas Department of Agriculture, Laredo Junior College, and the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems, and shows how, ironically, they unwittingly suppressed the self-determination of the very farm workers the project sought to benefit. From the instructive failure of Blueprint Farm, Moore extracts eight principles for a regenerative architecture, which he calls his "nonmodern manifesto. "
Technology and Psychological Well-being
by Yair Amichai-HamburgerIn the modern world we are surrounded by technology. Gadgets such as cell phones, portable computers, and electronic diaries accompany us throughout the day. But is this a good thing? Are we being served by these technological wonders, or have we become enslaved by them? Does constant availability via technology make us more efficient or more stressed? Is our ability to connect with others all over the world, day or night, making us more sociable or turning us into recluses in a virtual world? This book considers the impact of technology on the different spheres of our life - work, home, family and leisure - and assesses ways in which to build better communication between technology developers and society to ensure that technology enhances our lives and psychological well-being, rather than damaging them.