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Terrorism and Political Contention: New Perspectives on North Africa and the Sahel Region (Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region)
by Andrey Korotayev Leonid Issaev János BesenyőAgainst the backdrop of terrorist activity and the emergence of new conflicts in the MENA region, this book identifies factors of political contestation and analyzes organizational forms and dynamics of terrorism and conflict in North Africa and the Sahel. Written by an international selection of authors from different fields, the book covers topics such as the radicalization of terrorist organizations operating in the region, the financing of terrorism, the role of migration, the radicalization of women, the influence and motives of great powers and external factors such as France in the region, and the impact of the war in Ukraine. The book appeals to scholars and students of politics and international relations as well as African and Middle Eastern studies.
Terrorism and Public Safety Policing: Implications for the Obama Presidency
by James F. PastorThe trends, data, and battle-tested logic don't lie. A perfect storm of extremist ideologies is on the horizon that threatens to challenge the current state of public safety forcing police chiefs, public administrators, and security professionals to rethink their approach to policing the streets of America. Professor James Pastor, a recognized auth
Terrorism and State Surveillance of Communications
by David Lowe Simon Hale-RossThis book brings together leading counterterrorism experts, from academia and practice, to form an interdisciplinary assessment of the terrorist threat facing the United Kingdom and the European Union, focusing on how terrorists and terrorist organisations communicate in the digital age. Perspectives drawn from criminological, legalistic, and political sciences, allow the book to highlight the problems faced by the state and law enforcement agencies in monitoring, accessing, and gathering intelligence from the terrorist use of electronic communications, and how such powers are used proportionately and balanced with human rights law. The book will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of terrorism and security, policing and human rights. With contributions from the fields of both academia and practice, it will also be of interest to professionals and practitioners working in the areas of criminal law, human rights and terrorism.
Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability
by Paul J. SmithThis timely work examines the scale and root causes of terrorism across Southeast Asia, including the role of al-Qaeda's ascendancy in the region. It begins with an overview of the analytical and theoretical framework for discussing the subject. Individual chapters then examine terrorist activities from both functional and country-specific perspectives. The book traces fundamental linkages between terrorism and security issues, such as illegal immigration, narcotics trafficking, and other criminal activity. In addition, it considers the issue of convergence - the growing connection between criminal groups and terrorism, and how this may facilitate future violence. Written by a range of experts in the field, the individual chapters reflect a variety of perspectives. The contributions fall into two broad categories - chapters that directly address terrorism (the groups, their ideologies, their modus operandi, their origins, and state responses to them); and chapters that address the "enabling environment" that exists in Southeast Asia (the role of transnational crime, porous borders, convergence between terrorism and crime).
Terrorism and Violent Conflict
by Lori Poloni-Staudinger Candice D. OrtbalsThis book explores how gender intersects with political violence, and particularly terrorism. We ask how gender relations and understandings of femininity and masculinity influence political violence, which includes politics related to terrorism, state terrorism, and genocide. We investigate how women cope with and influence the politics of terrorism and genocide. The book's goals are descriptive and analytical. We (1) describe in what ways women are present (and/or perceived as absent) in political contexts involving violence, and (2) analyze what gender assumptions, identities, and frames women face and themselves express and act upon regarding political violence encountered in their lives. The manuscript is divided into seven chapters: introduction, women as victims/survivors of violence, women as perpetrators of violence, women in social movements responding to violence, women politicians leading policy regarding violence, the public opinion of women and men concerning violence, and a conclusion. Each chapter explores the intersection between gender and terrorism through the lens of the chapter focus.
Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response
by John Pichtel Gus MartinTerrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response, Third Edition is fully updated to include the latest technology and tactics surrounding the threats posed by terrorist groups—detailing plausible contexts in which chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) weapons could be used by such actors.Experienced author Gus Martin has collaborated on updating this resource, with two new chapters at the start of the book outlining the historical origins of terrorism, terrorist typologies, and the evolution of the modern terrorist environment including large-scale regional conflicts and domestic violent extremism in the United States. Additional coverage of new case studies have been added throughout. This includes an examination of the Pulse Nightclub shooting, the January 6, 2021, assault on the U.S. Capitol, the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, and additional events that have occurred since the last edition’s release. Domestic U.S. threats—from hate, extremist, and supremacist groups—are discussed, as well as emergent and novel tactics being used in the Israel-Gaza conflict and the 2022 Russian invasion and subsequent Russia-Ukraine conflict are examined.This includes the use of drone attacks by both Ukraine and Russia and Russia’s occupation and bombardment of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP), highlighting what could be argued are terror-like tactics that challenge the precepts of accepted international law. In the Middle East, Israel’s response in the wake of the October 7, 2023 attack by Islamist terrorists—with its subsequent operations in Gaza and an unprecedented operation involving exploding pagers and communications radios in Lebanon and Syria—evoked international criticism and controversy.Coverage also focuses on the chemistry and biology of weapons of mass destruction and, the development and history of their use, as well as the human health effects of such weapons. Added references, chapter questions—and the addition of recent terrorist acts to relevant sections—all present the modern threat environment and realistic WMD material access and attack capabilities. Given that terrorist weapons and delivery methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated, the book provides a comprehensive, current survey of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction.As such, Terrorism and WMDs, Third Edition continues to serve as an invaluable resource to students and professionals studying and working in the fields of terrorism, Homeland Security, and emergency response.
Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response, Second Edition
by John PichtelTerrorism and WMD’s, Second Edition provides a comprehensive, up-to-date survey of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). Terrorist weapons and delivery methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated; as such, this book focuses on the chemistry and biology of WMDs, the development and history of their use, and human health effects of such weapons. Coverage of new threats, additional case studies, and the emergence of ISIL—and other terrorist actors—have been added to the new edition which will serve as an invaluable resources to students and professionals studying and working in the fields of terrorism, Homeland Security, and emergency response.
Terrorism and War (Open Media Series)
by Howard Zinn Anthony ArnoveTruth--as Zinn shows us in the interviews that make up Terrorism and War--has indeed been the first casualty of war, starting from the beginnings of American empire in the Spanish-American War. But war has many other casualties, he argues, including civil liberties on the home front and human rights abroad. In Terrorism and War, Zinn explores the growth of the American empire, as well as the long tradition of resistance in this country to U.S. militarism, from Eugene Debs and the Socialist Party during World War One to the opponents of U.S. military intervention in Afghanistan today.
Terrorism and the Pandemic: Weaponizing of COVID-19
by Rohan Gunaratna Katalin Petho-KissThe global pandemic has offered extraordinary opportunities for extremists and terrorists to mobilize themselves and revive as more powerful actors in the security landscape. But could these threat groups actually capitalize on the coronavirus crisis and advance their malevolent agendas? Utilizing the largest COVID-19-related terrorism database, the book presents an analysis built upon a quantitative and qualitative comparison between the nature of both the radical Islamist and the far-right-related threat in 2018 and 2020. It provides, for the first time, a true picture of novel trends since the pandemic outbreak.
Terrorism and the Politics of Naming (ISSN)
by Michael BhatiaPreviously published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly, this volume assesses the nature, power, role and function of names in global politics and the international media.Names are not objective, they accrue subjective associations, for example 'Terrorist' has a very different connotation to 'Freedom-fighter'. The contributors seek the truth beneath the names assigned in an effort to remove the obscurity created by the power of 'the politics of naming' to the reality of the situation, taking examples from Al Qaeda, Russia's demonization of the Chechens and naming in the Israeli-Palestine conflict, among other important contemporary debates. Terrorism and the Politics of Naming makes a substantial contribution towards elucidating the power of naming in the discourse of conflict and will be of great interest to students and scholars of political philosophy, political theory, and politics and the media.
Terrorism and the US Drone Attacks in Pakistan: Killing First (Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series)
by Imdad UllahThis book analyses the US drone attacks against terrorists in Pakistan to assess whether the ‘pre-emptive’ use of combat drones to kill terrorists is ever legally justified. Exploring the doctrinal discourse of pre-emption vis-à-vis the US drone attacks against terrorists in Pakistan, the book shows that the debate surrounding this discourse encapsulates crucial tensions between the permission and limits of the right of self-defence. Drawing from the long history of God-given and man-made laws of war, this book employs positivism as a legal frame to explore and explain the doctrine of pre-emption and analyses the doctrine of the state’s rights to self-defence as it stretches into pre-emptive or preventive use of force. The book investigates why the US chose the recourse to pre-emption through the use of combat drones in the ‘war on terror’ and whether there is a potential future for the pre-emption of terrorism through combat drones. The author argues that the policy to ‘kill first’ is easy to adopt; however, any disregard for the web of legal requirements surrounding the policy has the potential to undercut the legal claims of an armed act. The book enables the framing and analysis of such controversies in legal terms as opposed to a choice between law and policy. An examination of the legal dilemma concerning drone warfare, this book will be of interest to academics in the fields of international relations, Asian politics, South Asian studies, and security studies, in particular, global security law, new wars, and emerging technologies of warfare.
Terrorism as Communication: Stocktaking, Explanations and Challenges
by Liane RothenbergerCommunication theories and terrorism - how can a connection be made here? Terrorism is a dominant topic in today's world: It sometimes dominates public political discussion as well as private conversations. Communication studies can help to further penetrate the phenomenon of terrorism and provide important pieces of the puzzle to grasp it in its entirety. The development of media skills among some terrorist groups makes it imperative that the "social problem of terrorism" be approached with the help of a "communications science lens.
Terrorism in America
by Robin Maria Valeri Kevin Borgeson<p>Offering a fresh perspective on the changing face of terror attacks, Terrorism in America focuses on domestic groups, examining the beliefs, actions, and impacts of American-based terrorists and terror organizations. Editors Robin Valeri and Kevin Borgeson and their contributors draw on theories from criminology, psychology, and sociology to explore the ideologies of right-wing, left-wing, and extremist religious groups—how and why they convert followers, recruit financially, and take extreme action against others. No competing text offers such in-depth and nuanced coverage of the radical ideologies behind these attacks, or the ensuing fear domestic terrorism creates, as well as the strategies to combat violent extremism. <p>A core text for domestic terrorism courses and an excellent supplement for any counterterrorism or homeland security course, Terrorism in America brings its singular focus to the growth and evolution of terrorism in the United States. Interviews, case studies from the field, and chapter themes make this a highly readable text for criminal justice, psychology, sociology, and homeland security students, professors, or practitioners.</p>
Terrorism in American Memory: Memorials, Museums, and Architecture in the Post-9/11 Era
by Marita SturkenThe role of cultural memory in American identityTerrorism in American Memory argues that the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and all that followed in its wake were the primary force shaping United States politics and culture in the post-9/11 era. Marita Sturken maintains that during the past two decades, when the country was subjected to terrorist attacks and promulgated ongoing wars of aggression, we have veered into increasingly polarized factions and been extraordinarily preoccupied with memorialization and the politics of memory. The post-9/11 era began with a hunger for memorialization and it ended with massive protests over police brutality that demanded the destruction of historical monuments honoring racist historical figures. Sturken argues that memory is both the battleground and the site for negotiations of national identity because it is a field through which the past is experienced in the present. The paradox of these last two decades is that it gave rise to an era of intensely nationalistic politics in response to global terrorism at the same time that it released the containment of the ghosts of terrorism embedded within US history. And within that disruption, new stories emerged, new memories were unearthed, and the story of the nation is being rewritten. For these reasons, this book argues that the post-9/11 era has come to an end, and we are now in a new still undefined era with new priorities and national demands. An era preoccupied with memory thus begins with the memorial projects of 9/11 and ends with the radical intervention of the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, informally known as the Lynching Memorial, in Montgomery, Alabama, a project that, unlike the nationalistic 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York, dramatically rewrites the national script of American history. Woven within analyses of memorialization, memorials, memory museums, art projects on memory, and architectural projects is a discussion about design and architecture, the increased creation of memorials as experiences, and the role of architecture as national symbolism and renewal. Terrorism in American Memory sheds light on the struggles over who is memorialized, who is forgotten, and what that politics of memory reveals about the United States as an imaginary and a nation.
Terrorism in Memory Culture: Investigating the Aftermath of July 22 in Norway (Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies)
by Paula Hamilton Alexandre DessinguéThis edited collection examines the intersection between the developing fields of terrorism and cultural memory studies through a detailed study of the 2011 terrorist attack in Norway. It examines how the work of remembrance has been established through arts such as theatre and fiction, and also architecture, heritage and education. It traces the politics of the remembrance processes and explores the shifting meanings in public memories that change over the thirteen years since the attack, and are constantly being negotiated in response to present circumstances. It also charts general trends in memorialisation: the globalising and digitalising of memory practices, the speed of memorial initiatives, the role of testimony, and the importance of diverse narratives emerging through newer modes of communication. Chapters 10, 13 and 16 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com
Terrorism in Perspective
by Sue Mahan Pamala L. GrisetThe Third Edition of Terrorism in Perspective, like its two successful predecessors, takes a broad-based approach that emphasizes the historical, cultural, political, religious, social, and economic factors that underlie an understanding of both global and domestic terrorism. This unique text-reader combines original essays with the best of the existing literature on terrorism. Each chapter of this text begins with an overview essay written by the authors, followed by two relevant and engaging articles culled from a wide variety of popular, academic, and governmental sources. This is the only major terrorism text to incorporate readings from top terrorism experts into a traditional textbook format, allowing readers to deepen their understanding of each aspect of terrorism.
Terrorism in the Classroom: Security, Surveillance and a Public Duty to Act (Palgrave Studies in Risk, Crime and Society)
by Andrew Whiting Imran Awan Keith SpillerThis book charts contemporary developments in counter-extremism within the UK education sector. Set against the background of the controversial Prevent strategy the book focuses on the expansion of counter‑extremism into education and draws on key legislation such as the Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) that imposed a statutory counter-extremism duty on public sector workers in the UK. The authors provide a wide-ranging critique that draws on theories of surveillance and power, an international review of counter‑extremism educational initiatives and a series of interviews with UK lecturers. Terrorism in the Classroom highlights the problems that occur when counter-extremism becomes an objective of education and a part of the curriculum, as well as the anxiety that is felt by educators who have been deputised into the role of counter-extremism practitioners. It will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including Criminology, International Relations, Politics and Education.
Terrorism on Trial: Political Violence and Abolitionist Futures
by Nicole NguyenA landmark sociological examination of terrorism prosecution in United States courts Rather than functioning as a final arbiter of justice, U.S. domestic courts are increasingly seen as counterterrorism tools that can incapacitate terrorists, maintain national security operations domestically, and produce certain narratives of conflict. Terrorism on Trial examines the contemporary role that these courts play in the global war on terror and their use as a weapon of war: hunting, criminalizing, and punishing entire communities in the name of national security. Nicole Nguyen advocates for a rethinking of popular understandings of political violence and its root causes, encouraging readers to consider anti-imperial abolitionist alternatives to the criminalization, prosecution, and incarceration of individuals marked as real or perceived terrorists. She exposes how dominant academic discourses, geographical imaginations, and social processes have shaped terrorism prosecutions, as well as how our fundamental misunderstanding of terrorism has led to punitive responses that do little to address the true sources of violence, such as military interventions, colonial occupations, and tyrannical regimes. Nguyen also explores how these criminal proceedings bear on the lives of defendants and families, seeking to understand how legal processes unevenly criminalize and disempower communities of color. A retheorization of terrorism as political violence, Terrorism on Trial invites readers to carefully consider the role of power and politics in the making of armed resistance, addressing the root causes of political violence, with a goal of building toward a less violent and more liberatory world.
Terrorism, Criminal Law and Politics: The Decline of the Political Offence Exception to Extradition (Transnational Criminal Justice)
by Julia JanssonRecent atrocities have ensured that terrorism and how to deal with terrorists legally and politically has been the subject of much discussion and debate on the international stage. This book presents a study of changes in the legal treatment of those perpetrating crimes of a political character over several decades. It most centrally deals with the political offence exception and how it has changed. The book looks at this change from an international perspective with a particular focus on the United States. Interdisciplinary in approach, it examines the fields of terrorism and political crime from legal, political science and criminological perspectives. It will be of interest to a broad range of academics and researchers, as well as to policymakers involved in creating new anti-terrorist policies.
Terrorism, Radicalisation & Countering Violent Extremism: Practical Considerations & Concerns
by Shashi JayakumarThis book brings together research that covers perspectives and case studies on terrorism, radicalisation and countering violent extremism (CVE). Written by experts involved in these issues at the grassroots, the book bridges the academic-practitioner gap in the field. The proliferation of academic studies and conferences devoted to these subjects has meant that policymakers and practitioners in the same fields sometimes struggle to digest the sheer volume of academic output. The same critical questions keep coming up, but it is debatable the level to which there have been tangible improvements to our real state of knowledge: knowledge in especially in terms of what “best practices” exist in the field (and what can be translated, versus what approaches remain context and location specific). Written in an accessible manner for the general interested reader, practitioners, and policymakers in the field, this volume comprises edited versions of papers presented at CVE workshops run by the Centre of Excellence for National Security (CENS) at the S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2016 and 2017.
Terrorism, Rights and the Rule of Law
by Barry Vaughan Shane KilcomminsThe rule of law is becoming a victim of the struggle against terrorism. Many countries are reviewing their security procedures and questioning whether due process rights hinder them in the war on terror. There is increasing emphasis on preventive detention or strategies of disablement that cut into the liberties of suspects who may not have committed a crime. The focus of this book is the Republic of Ireland, where the risk of political violence has constantly threatened the Irish state. To ensure its survival, the state has resorted to emergency laws that weaken due process rights. The effects of counter-terrorism campaigns upon the rule of law governing criminal justice in Ireland are a central feature of this book. Globalization has supported this crossover, as organized crime seems immune to conventional policing tactics. But globalization fragments the authority of the state by introducing a new justice network. New regulatory agencies are entrusted with powers to control novel risks and social movements adopt a human rights discourse to contest state power and emergency laws. The result of this conflux of actors and risks is are negotiation of the model of justice that citizens can expect. Terrorism, Rights and the Rule of Law contributes to current debates about civil liberties in the war on terror, how counter-terrorism can contaminate criminal justice, and how globalization challenges a state-centred view of criminal justice. It will be of key interest to students of criminology, law, human rights and sociology,as well as legal and other practitioners and policy-makers.
Terrorism, Risk and the City: The Making of a Contemporary Urban Landscape
by Jon CoaffeeThe development of defensive strategies encompassing the fortification and privatization of the city has attracted significant attention during recent years, and has become particularly relevant in the aftermath of September 11th. Dealing with issues of risk, security and the spatial restructuring of contemporary western cities, this book examines how the perceived risk of terrorist attack led to changes in the physical form and institutional infrastructure of the city of London during the 1990s when the city was a prime terrorist target. The book analyses how the various formal and informal strategies adopted in the City attempted to reduce both the physical and financial risk of terrorism. This was undertaken through a series of place-specific security initiatives and risk management policies which led to increased fortification, a substantial rise in terrorism insurance premiums, and, changing institutional relations at a variety of spatial scales. It also argues that the security measures deployed were developed not in terms of an anti-terrorist effort, but in relation to the unintended by-products of these approaches such as crime reduction and enhanced traffic management capabilities.
Terrorism: An Investigator's Handbook
by William E. DysonThis handbook introduces the reader to the field of terrorism investigation. Describing how terrorists operate and how they differ from other criminals, it provides an outline of how terrorism investigations should be conducted. By helping investigators to develop skills and knowledge, this guide helps them to prepare prosecutable cases against terrorists.
Terrorism: Strategies for Intervention
by Harold Hall VAn essential resource for anyone working against terrorism in any form it may take! Written for threat assessment professionals in the post-9/11 era, this timely book will help you understand the motivation to commit acts of terror, the thinking patterns common to many terrorists, the psychology of Muslim fundamentalists, methods for predicting the likelihood of chemical/biological attacks, and a great deal more. You&’ll learn about hostage/barricade situations and the role of the crisis negotiator, including victim/perpetrator psychology and factors that indicate progress is being made in a crisis negotiation and factors that imply imminent lethality. After reading Terrorism: Strategies for Intervention, you&’ll have a better understanding of: biological, social, and psychological constructs that are important to understanding group violence the role of emotions in violence the history of chemical/biological weapons use from 1978 to the present, and methods of predicting the likelihood and origins of such attacks the importance of concurrent sequences in relation to chemical/biological attacks hostage/barricade situations, the makeup of crisis negotiation teams, and the role of the crisis negotiator hostage incident databases-where to find them, what they contain, and how they can be used effectively six different types of hostage takers and what strategies have the best chance of bringing each type&’s crises to an end factors that indicate progress is being made in a crisis negotiation and factors that imply imminent lethality ethical concerns for forensic consultants when dealing with the issues surrounding terrorism Here is a sample of what you&’ll find in this informative and well-referenced book: "Terrorism as Group Violence" illustrates the complexity of terrorism and the need to consider the interplay of biological, social, and psychological influences on terrorist behavior. This chapter identifies the constructs and data generated by theories of violence that are relevant to terrorism. Next, profiles of terrorists&’ motivations are scrutinized, followed by a probing of the specific patterns of thinking salient to their motivations. Finally, approaches to solving the terrorist problem are framed. Five handy tables make important points easy to access and understand. "Chemical and Biological Violence: Predictive Patterns in State and Terrorist Behavior" is essential reading for any serious evaluator of chemical and biological weapons. This chapter uses the Lethal Violence Sequence as a means to help predict chemical/biological weapons use by religious and ethno-nationalist terrorist groups. It includes case vignettes, data categories that can help make predictions more accurate, and a discussion of solutions for use by individuals, law enforcement and federal anti-terrorist agencies, as well as manufacturers and other industry entities, plus a consideration of government and international efforts. "Negotiating Crises: The Evolution of Hostage/Barricade Crisis Negotiations" examines multiple ways by which a crisis incident can be classified, analyzes the results of hostage incident databases, discusses negotiation techniques, and explores the impact of captivity on the victim. The author reveals important characteristics of hostage/barricade situations that can be vital to the success of the evaluator/negotiator. Six informative tables in this section make statistics and procedures easy to understand. "Ethical Concerns in Forensic Consultation Regarding National Safety and Security" provides an essential overview of the ethical challenges that mental health professionals and behavioral scientists face when they consult on matters of national security and safety. This chapter delivers useful guidance for professionals who
Terrorism: The Cuban Connection
by Roger W. FontaineFirst published in 1988, Terrorism: The Cuban Connection examines Cuba’s involvement in terrorism. With a focus on Havana, the book begins by looking at Cuba’s history and the origins of terrorism. As it progresses, the book traces the development of terrorism and explores Cuba’s connections with other parts of the world, including America, Russia, the Caribbean, South America, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Terrorism: The Cuban Connection is a detailed study, equipped with a wealth of key documents and photographs.